Cần Tày
Tày
Kra-Dai (Tai, Central)
Tày is the largest minority language of Vietnam, closely related to Nùng (often considered a single Tày-Nùng cluster) and to Zhuang in adjacent Guangxi (China). A Central Tai language with six tones, it is spoken across Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Tuyên Quang, and Bắc Kạn provinces. Tày had a historical literary tradition using Nôm Tày, a script adapted from Chinese characters following the model of Vietnamese Chữ Nôm, used for ritual texts and folk poetry until the 20th century.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tày
Sources
- The Holy Bible in Tày (2022), bible.com version 2432 (TYZ2022); English Wiktionary Tày entries (citing Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí, Từ điển Tày–Nùng–Việt; Lương Bèn; Tày-Annamite-Français); IPA from Wiktionary Module tyz-IPA ({{tyz-IPA}}), Thạch An–Tràng Định variety
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Kra-Dai (Tai, Central)
| Meaning | Tày | Nùng | Tai Dam | Lao | Thai Song | Bouyei | Shan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nặm /nam˧˨ʔ/ | nặm /naːm˨˩/ | ꪙꪾꫂ /nam˧˩ˀ/ | ນ້ຳ /naːm˥˨/ | น้ำ /nam˦˧/ | raamx /ðaːm˧˩/ | ၼမ်ႉ /nam˦˨ˀ/ |
| Fire | fầy /fəj˧˨/ | fầy /fəj˨˩/ | ꪼꪡ /faj˥/ | ໄຟ /faj˧˥/ | ไฟ /faj˧˥˦/ | feih /fei˧˩/ | ၾႆး /faj˥/ |
| Sun | tha vằn /tʰaː˧˧ van˧˨/ | tha vằn /tʰaː˧˧vən˨˩/ | ꪔꪱꪹꪫꪸꪙ /taː˨ven˥/ | ຕາເວັນ /taː˩˧ ven˧˥/ | ตะวัน /ta˨˦ wan˧˥˦/ | ngonzbyaaiz /ŋon˩˩pjaːi˩˩/ | ဝၼ်း /wan˥/ |
| Moon | hai /haːj˧˧/ | boon /boːn˧˧/ | ꪹꪚꪙ /bɯən˨/ | ດວງເດືອນ /duaŋ˩˧ dɯːan˩˧/ | เดือน /dɯːan˨˦/ | ronh /roːn˧˩/ | လိူၼ် /lɤn˨˦/ |
| Star | đao /ɗaːw˧˧/ | đao /ɗaːw˧˧/ | ꪒꪱꪫ /daːw˨/ | ດາວ /daːw˩˧/ | ดาว /daːw˨˦/ | ndaux /ɗaːu˧˧/ | လၢဝ် /laːw˨˦/ |
| Night | cừn /kɨn˧˨/ | khưn /kʰɯn˧˧/ | ꪁꪳꪙ /kɯn˥/ | ຄືນ /kʰɯːn˧˥/ | คืน /kʰɯːn˧˥˦/ | haemh /ham˧˩/ | ၶိုၼ်း /kʰɯn˥/ |
| Rain | phân /pʰən˧˥/ | phɔn /pʰɔn˧˧/ | ꪶꪠꪙ /fon˨/ | ຝົນ /fɔn˩˧/ | ฝน /fon˨˦/ | — | ၽူၼ် /pʰon˨˦/ |
| Wind | lồm /lom˧˨/ | lam /lam˧˧/ | ꪶꪩꪣ /lom˥/ | ລົມ /lom˧˥/ | ลม /lom˧˥˦/ | rumz /ðum˩˩/ | လူမ်း /lom˥/ |
| Earth | đin /ɗin˧˥/ | na:m /naːm/ | ꪒꪲꪙ /din˨/ | ດິນ /din˩˧/ | ดิน /din˨˦/ | naamh /naːm˧/ | လိၼ် /lin˨˦/ |
| Stone | hin /hin˧˥/ | thin /tʰin˧˧/ | ꪬꪲꪙ /hin˨/ | ຫີນ /hiːn˩˧/ | หิน /hin˨˦/ | hinl /hin˨˦/ | ႁိၼ် /hin˨˦/ |
| Mountain | pù /pu˧˨/ | phja /pʰjaː˧˧/ | ꪝꪴ /puː˥/ | ພູເຂົາ /pʰuː˧˥kʰaw˩˧/ | ภูเขา /pʰuː˧˥˦ kʰaw˨˦/ | bol /po˨˦/ | လွႆ /lɔj˨˦/ |
| Sea | hải /haːj˨˩˧/ | hải /haːj˨˩˧/ | ꪙꪾ꫁ꪹꪚꪸ꫁ /nam˧˩ˀbeː˨˩ˀ/ | ທະເລ /tʰa˧leː˧˥/ | — | haaic /xaːi˥˧/ | ပၢင်ႇလၢႆႇ /paːŋ˩ laːj˩/ |
| Mother | mẻ /mɛ˨˩˧/ | mé /mɛ˨˩˧/ | ꪵꪣ꪿ /mɛː˦/ | ແມ່ /mɛː˧/ | แม่ /mɛː˦/ | meeh /me˧/ | မႄႈ /mɛː˧˨/ |
| Father | pò /pɔ˧˨/ | pò /pɔ˨˩/ | ꪮ꫁ꪱꪥ /ʔaːj˨˩ˀ/ | ພໍ່ /pʰɔː˧/ | พ่อ /pʰɔː˦/ | poh /po˧/ | ပေႃႈ /pɔː˧˨/ |
| Daughter | lục nhình /lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ɲïŋ˧˨/ | — | ꪩꪴꪀꪑꪲꪉ /luʔ˦ɲiŋ˥/ | ລູກສາວ /luːk˥˨ saːw˩˧/ | ลูกสาว /luːk˦ saːw˨˦/ | — | လုၵ်ႈယိင်း /luk˧˨ jiŋ˥/ |
| I | khỏi /kʰɔj˨˩˧/ | khỏi /xɔːj˨˩˧/ | ꪄ꫁ꪮꪥ /kʰɔj˨˩ˀ/ | ຂ້ອຍ /kʰɔːj˧˩/ | กู /kuː˨˦/ | gul /ku˨˦/ | ၵဝ် /kaw˨˦/ |
| You | mầư /məɯ˧˨/ | mưng /mɯŋ˧˧/ | ꪣꪳꪉ /mɯŋ˥/ | ເຈົ້າ /tɕaːw˥˨/ | มึง /mɯŋ˧˥˦/ | mengz /məŋ˩˩/ | မႂ်း /maɰ˥/ |
| We | rầu /rəw˧˨/ | rầu /rəw˨˩/ | ꪹꪭꪱ /haw˥/ | ເຮົາ /haw˧˥/ | เฮา /haw˧˥˦/ | rauz / dul /ðɐu˩˩ / tu˨˦/ | ႁဝ်း /haw˥/ |
| Name | ten /tɛn˧˥/ | chứ /tʃɯ˧˥/ | ꪋꪳ꪿ /tɕɯ˦/ | ຊື່ /sɯː˧/ | ซื่อ /sɯː˦/ | mingz /miŋ˩˩/ | ၸိုဝ်ႈ /tsɯː˧˨/ |
| Person | cần /kən˧˨/ | cần /kən˨˩/ | ꪶꪁꪙ /kon˥/ | ຄົນ /kʰon˧˥/ | — | wenz /wɯn˩˩/ | ၵူၼ်း /kon˥/ |
| Head | hua /huə˧˧/ | hu /hu˧˧/ | ꪬꪺ /huə˨/ | ຫົວ /hua˩˧/ | หัว /huːa˨˦/ | jauc /tɕɐu˥˧/ | ႁူဝ် /hoː˨˦/ |
| Eye | tha /tʰaː˧˧/ | tha /tʰaː˧˧/ | ꪔꪱ /taː˨/ | ຕາ /taː˩˧/ | ตา /taː˨˦/ | daa /taː˨˦/ | တႃ /taː˨˦/ |
| Ear | xu /su˧˧/ | khjou /kʰjou˧˧/ | ꪬꪴ /huː˨/ | ຫູ /huː˩˧/ | หู /huː˨˦/ | riez /ðiə˩˩/ | ႁူ /huː˨˦/ |
| Nose | đăng /ɗaŋ˧˥/ | đăng /ɗaŋ˧˧/ | — | ດັງ /daŋ˩˧/ | — | ndangl /ɗɐŋ˨˦/ | ၶူႈလင် /kʰuː˧˨ laŋ˨˦/ |
| Mouth | pác /paːk̚˧˥/ | pác /paːk˥/ | ꪜꪱꪀ /paːʔ˦˥/ | ປາກ /paːk˧˩/ | — | bas /pa˧˥/ | ပၢၵ်ႇ /paːk˩/ |
| Tooth | khẻo /kʰɛw˨˩˧/ | khẻo /kʰɛːw˧˩/ | ꪵꪄ꫁ꪫ /kʰɛw˨˩ˀ/ | ແຂ້ວ /kʰɛːw˧˩/ | ฟัน /fan˧˥˦/ | heuj /hɐu˧˥/ | ၶဵဝ်ႈ /kʰew˧˨/ |
| Tongue | lịn /lin˧˨ʔ/ | lin /lin˥˩/ | ꪩꪲ꫁ꪙ /lin˧˩ˀ/ | ລີ້ນ /lin˥˨/ | ลิ้น /lin˦˧/ | linx /lin˧˩/ | လိၼ်ႉ /lin˦˨ˀ/ |
| Hand | mừ /mɨ˧˨/ | mừ /mɯ˨˩/ | ꪣꪳ /mɯ˥/ | ມື /mɯː˧˥/ | มือ /mɯː˧˥˦/ | faengz /faŋ˩˩/ | မိုဝ်း /mɯː˥/ |
| Foot | tin /tin˧˥/ | tin /tin˧˧/ | ꪔꪲꪙ /tin˨/ | ຕີນ /tiːn˩˧/ | ตีน /tiːn˨˦/ | dinl /tin˨˦/ | တိၼ် /tin˨˦/ |
| Heart | slim /ɬim˧˥/ | cấy /kəj˨˩˧/ | ꪻꪊ /tɕaɯ˨/ | ໃຈ /tɕaj˩˧/ | ใจ /tɕaj˨˦/ | saamh /saːm˧˩/ | ၸႂ် /tsaɰ˨˦/ |
| Bone | đúc /ɗʊwk͡p̚˧˥/ | đúc /ɗuk˥/ | ꪒꪴꪀ /duʔ˦˥/ | ກະດູກ /ka˧˥duːk˧˩/ | ดูก /duːk˧˥/ | ndos /ɗo˧˥/ | လုပ်ႇ /lup˩/ |
| Blood | lượt /lɨət̚˧˨ʔ/ | lượt /lɯət˥˩/ | ꪹꪩꪒ /lɯət˦/ | ເລືອດ /lɯat˥˨/ | เลียด /liːat˦/ | lweed /luət˧˧/ | လိူတ်ႈ /lɤt˧˨/ |
| Poop | khỉ /kʰi˨˩˧/ | — | — | ຂີ້ /kʰiː˧˩/ | — | — | ၶီႈ /kʰiː˧˨/ |
| Love | slương điếp /ɬɨəŋ˧˥ ɗiəp̚˧˥/ | rắc /rak˧˥/ | — /—/ | ຮັກ /hak˧/ | ฮัก /hak˦/ | gaais /kaːi˧˥/ | ႁၵ်ႉ /hak˦˨ˀ/ |
| Tree | mạy /maj˧˨ʔ/ | mạy /maːj˨˩/ | ꪼꪣ꫁ /maj˧˩ˀ/ | ຕົ້ນໄມ້ /ton˥˨ maj˥˨/ | ต้นไม้ /ton˧ maj˦˧/ | faix /fai˧˩/ | တူၼ်ႈမႆႉ /ton˧˨ maj˦˨ˀ/ |
| Dog | ma /maː˧˧/ | ma /maː˧˧/ | ꪢꪱ /maː˨/ | ໝາ /maː˩˧/ | หมา /maː˨˦/ | ma /ma˨˦/ | မႃ /maː˨˦/ |
| Cat | meo /mɛw˧˧/ | meo /meo˧˧/ | ꪵꪣꪫ /mɛːw˥/ | ແມວ /mɛːw˧˥/ | แมว /mɛːw˧˥˦/ | meeuq /meːu˧˧/ | မႅဝ်း /mɛw˥/ |
| Fish | pja /pʲaː˧˧/ | pya /pjaː˧˧/ | ꪜꪱ /paː˨/ | ປາ /paː˩˧/ | ปลา /paː˨˦/ | bya /pjaː˨˦/ | ပႃ /paː˨˦/ |
| Bird | nộc /nəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ/ | nục /nuk˥˩/ | ꪶꪙꪀ /noʔ˦/ | ນົກ /nok˧/ | นก /nok˦/ | rog /ðɔk˧/ | ၼူၵ်ႉ /nok˦˨ˀ/ |
| Butterfly | bỉ /ɓi˨˩˧/ | — | — | ແມງກະເບື້ອ /mɛːŋ˧˥ ka˧˥ bɨa˥˨/ | — | mbax /ɓa˧˩/ | ၵၢပ်ႇမိူဝ်ႈ /kaːp˩ mɤː˧˨/ |
| Egg | xáy /saj˧˥/ | xáy /saj˧˥/ | ꪼꪎ꪿ /saj˦˥/ | ໄຂ່ /kʰaj˧/ | ไข่ /kʰaj˧˥/ | jais /tɕɐi˧˥/ | ၶႆႇ /kʰaj˩/ |
| Bear | mi /mi˧˧/ | mui /mui˧˧/ | ꪢꪲ /miː˨/ | ໝີ /miː˩˧/ | — | moil /moi˨˦/ | မီ /miː˨˦/ |
| Horse | mạ /maː˧˨ʔ/ | mạ /maː˨˩/ | ꪣ꫁ꪱ /maː˧˩ˀ/ | ມ້າ /maː˥˨/ | — | max /ma˧˩/ | မႃႉ /maː˦˨ˀ/ |
| House | rườn /rɨən˧˨/ | rườn /zɯən˨˩/ | ꪹꪭꪙ /hɯən˥/ | ເຮືອນ /hɯːan˧˥/ | เฮียน /hiːan˧˥˦/ | ranz /ðaːn˩˩/ | ႁိူၼ်း /hɤn˥/ |
| Milk | nặm nồm /nam˧˨ʔ nom˧˨/ | nùm /num˨˩/ | ꪶꪙꪣ /nom˥/ | ນົມ /nom˧˥/ | — | — | ၼမ်ႉၼူမ်း /nam˦˨ˀ nom˥/ |
| Honey | thương phjẩng /tʰɨəŋ˧˥ pʰʲəŋ˨˩˧/ | — | — | ນ້ຳເຜິ້ງ /naːm˥˨ pʰɤŋ˧˩/ | น้ำผึ้ง /nam˦˧ pʰɯŋ˧/ | — | ၼမ်ႉၽိုင်ႈ /nam˦˨ˀ pʰɯŋ˧˨/ |
| Salt | cưa /kɨə˧˧/ | cưa /kɯə˧˧/ | ꪹꪀ /kɯə˨/ | ເກືອ /kɯa˩˧/ | เกีย /kiːa˨˦/ | guel /kuə˨˦/ | ၵိူဝ် /kɤː˨˦/ |
| Wine | lẩu /ləw˨˩˧/ | lảu /laːw˨˩˧/ | — | ແວງ /ʋɛːŋ˧˥/ | — | — | ၼမ်ႉမၢၵ်ႇၸပိတ်ႉ /nam˦˨ˀ maːk˩ tsa˨˦ pit˦˨ˀ/ |
| Rice | khẩu /kʰəw˨˩˧/ | khảu /kʰaːw˨˩˧/ | ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ /kʰaw˨˩ˀ/ | ເຂົ້າ /kʰaw˧˩/ | — | haux /xɐu˧˩/ | ၶဝ်ႈ /kʰaw˧˨/ |
| Iron | lếch /ləjk̟̚˧˥/ | lích /lik˥/ | — | ເຫຼັກ /lek˧˥/ | — | faz /fa˩˩/ | လဵၵ်း /lek˥/ |
| Wheel | bảnh /ɓajŋ̟˨˩˧/ | — | — | ລໍ້ /lɔː˥˨/ | — | — | မၢၵ်ႇလေႃႉ /maːk˩ lɔː˦˨ˀ/ |
| Silk | phải lụa /pʰaːj˨˩˧ luə˧˨ʔ/ | — | — | ໄໝ /maj˩˧/ | — | — | လၢႆႈ /laːj˧˨/ |
| Book | xéc /sɛk̚˧˥/ | xéc /sɛk˥/ | — | ປຶ້ມ /pɯm˥˨/ | — | sel /sɯ˨˦/ | ပပ်ႉ /pap˦˨ˀ/ |
| Eat | kin /kin˧˥/ | kin /kin˧˧/ | ꪀꪲꪙ /kin˨/ | ກິນ /kin˩˧/ | กิน /kin˨˦/ | gianl /ɡian˧˥/ | ၵိၼ် /kin˨˦/ |
| Drink | đúm /ɗum˧˥/ | kin nặm /kin˧˧naːm˨˩/ | ꪀꪲꪙ ꪙꪾꫂ /kin˨ nam˧˩ˀ/ | ດື່ມ /dɯːm˧/ | กิน /kin˨˦/ | gunl /ɡuŋ˧˥/ | ၵိၼ် /kin˨˦/ |
| Sleep | nòn /nɔn˧˨/ | nòn /nɔn˨˩/ | ꪙꪮꪙ /nɔn˥/ | ນອນ /nɔːn˧˥/ | นอน /nɔːn˧˥˦/ | ninh /nin˧˩/ | ၼွၼ်း /nɔn˥/ |
| One | nâng /nəŋ˧˥/ | nưng /nɯŋ˧˧/ | ꪙꪳ꪿ꪉ /nɯŋ˦/ | ໜຶ່ງ /nɯŋ˧/ | หนึ่ง /nɯŋ˧˥/ | ndeeul /ɗeu˨˦/ | ၼိုင်ႈ /nɯŋ˧˨/ |
| Two | sloong /ɬɔŋ˧˥/ | soong /soːŋ˧˧/ | ꪎꪮꪉ /sɔːŋ˨/ | ສອງ /sɔːŋ˩˧/ | สอง /sɔːŋ˨˦/ | song /soːŋ˨˦/ | သွင် /sɔŋ˨˦/ |
| Three | slam /ɬaːm˧˥/ | slam /ɬaːm˧˧/ | ꪎꪱꪣ /saːm˨/ | ສາມ /saːm˩˧/ | สาม /saːm˨˦/ | sam /saːm˨˦/ | သၢမ် /saːm˨˦/ |
| Four | slí /ɬi˧˥/ | slí /ɬi˧˥/ | ꪎꪲ꪿ /siː˦˥/ | ສີ່ /siː˧/ | สี่ /siː˧˥/ | sis /si˧˥/ | သီႇ /siː˩/ |
| Five | hả /haː˨˩˧/ | hả /haː˨˩˧/ | ꪬ꫁ꪱ /haː˨˩ˀ/ | ຫ້າ /haː˧˩/ | ห้า /haː˧/ | hac /xa˥˧/ | ႁႃႈ /haː˧˨/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | choà /tʃɔaː˨˩/ | — /—/ | ສະບາຍດີ /sa˧˥ baːj˩˧ diː˩˧/ | สบายดี /sa˨˦ baːj˨˦ diː˨˦/ | meez ndil /meː˩˩ ɗi˨˦/ | မႂ်ႇသုင် /maɰ˩ suŋ˨˦/ |
| Thank you | pjom bái /pʲɔm˧˥ ɓaːj˧˥/ | ơn rể /ɤn˧˧zɛ˨˩˧/ | — /—/ | ຂອບໃຈ /kʰɔːp˧˩ tɕaj˩˧/ | ขอบใจ /kʰɔːp˧˥ tɕaj˨˦/ | gangzhainh /ɡaŋ˩˩haiŋ˧˩/ | ၶွပ်ႈၸႂ် /kʰɔp˧˨ tsaɰ˨˦/ |
| Good | đây /ɗəj˧˧/ | đây /ɗəj˧˧/ | ꪒꪲ /diː˨/ | ດີ /diː˩˧/ | ดี /diː˨˦/ | ndil /ɗi˨˦/ | လီ /liː˨˦/ |
| New | mấư /məɯ˧˥/ | máư /maɯ˧˥/ | — | ໃໝ່ /maj˧/ | ใหม่ /maj˧˥/ | mos /mo˧˥/ | မႂ်ႇ /maɰ˩/ |
| Red | đeng /ɗɛŋ˧˥/ | đeng /ɗɛŋ˧˧/ | ꪵꪒꪉ /dɛŋ˨/ | ແດງ /dɛːŋ˩˧/ | แดง /dɛːŋ˨˦/ | ndeengz /ɗɛŋ˨˦/ | လႅင် /lɛŋ˨˦/ |
| White | khao /kʰaːw˧˧/ | khao /kʰaːw˧˧/ | ꪒ꪿ꪮꪙ /dɔn˦˥/ | ຂາວ /kʰaːw˩˧/ | ขาว /kʰaːw˨˦/ | haaul /xaːu˨˦/ | ၶၢဝ် /kʰaːw˨˦/ |
| Black | đăm /ɗam˧˥/ | đăm /ɗam˧˧/ | ꪒꪾ /dam˨/ | ດຳ /dam˩˧/ | ดำ /dam˨˦/ | foonx /foːn˧˩/ | လမ် /lam˨˦/ |
| Green | kheo /kʰɛw˧˧/ | kheo /kʰɛːw˧˧/ | ꪵꪄꪫ /kʰɛw˨/ | ຂຽວ /kʰiːəw˩˧/ | — | — | ၶဵဝ် /kʰew˨˦/ |
| Blue | kheo /kʰɛw˧˧/ | kheo /kʰɛːw˧˧/ | ꪵꪄꪫ /kʰɛw˨/ | ຟ້າ /faː˥˨/ | — | — | သွမ်ႇ /sɔm˩/ |
| Cuckoo | khảm khắc /kʰaːm˨˩˧ kʰak̚˧˥/ | khảm khắc /kʰaːm˨˩˧ kʰak˥/ | — | ນົກກັກກູ /nok˧ kak˧˥ kuː˩˧/ | — | — | ၼူၵ်ႉတွင်ႉလေႃး /nok˦˨ˀ tɔŋ˦˨ˀ lɔː˥/ |
| Tea | chè /cɛ˧˨/ | — | ꪵꪋ /tɕɛː˥/ | ຊາ /saː˧˥/ | — | xaz /ɕa˩˩/ | ၼမ်ႉၼဵင်ႈ /nam˦˨ˀ neŋ˧˨/ |
| Sugar | thương /tʰɨəŋ˧˥/ | — | — | ນ້ຳຕານ /naːm˥˨ taːn˩˧/ | — | diangz /tiaŋ˩˩/ | ၵိူဝ်ဝၢၼ် /kɤː˨˦ waːn˨˦/ |
| Orange | cam /kaːm˧˥/ | — | — | ໝາກກ້ຽງ /maːk˧˩kiaŋ˥˨/ | — | gaaml /kaːm˨˦/ | မၢၵ်ႇဝၢၼ် /maːk˩ waːn˨˦/ |
| Ninety-nine | cẩu slíp cẩu /kəw˨˩˧ ɬip̚˧˥ kəw˨˩˧/ | cảu slíp cảu /kaw˨˩˧ ɬip˧˥ kaw˨˩˧/ | — | ເກົ້າສິບເກົ້າ /kaːw˥˨ sip˧˥ kaːw˥˨/ | — | guc xib guc /ku˥˧ ɕip˧˧ ku˥˧/ | ၵဝ်ႈသိပ်းၵဝ်ႈ /kaw˧˨ sip˥ kaw˧˨/ |
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