Wallisertiitsch
Walser
Indo-European (Germanic, West, High German, Alemannic, Highest Alemannic)
Walser (Wallisertiitsch) is the Highest Alemannic German variety of the medieval Walser migrations from the Upper Valais (Wallis) into scattered alpine settlements across Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and Liechtenstein. The Walsers (Walliser) were attracted to high alpine valleys in the 12th-14th centuries by feudal lords seeking colonists for newly-cleared land. Their isolated mountain communities preserved archaic Highest Alemannic features (initial /k/ → /x/, retained final consonants) and a distinctive Walser cultural identity. Recognized as a linguistic minority in the Aosta Valley of Italy, where Walser communities (Gressoney, Issime, Macugnaga) are co-official with Italian and French.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Walser
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Germanic, West, High German, Alemannic, Highest Alemannic)
| Meaning | Walser | Swiss German | Walliser German | Alsatian | East Franconian | Swiss Standard German | Pennsylvania German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Wasser /vasːər/ | Wasser /vasːər/ | Wasser /ʋasːər/ | Wàsser /vɒsər/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasər/ |
| Fire | Für /fyːr/ | Füür /fyːr/ | Fyyr /fyːr/ | Fir /fiːr/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feier /faɪər/ |
| Sun | Sunna /sʊnːa/ | Sunne /sʊnə/ | Sunna /ˈsʊnːa/ | Sùnn /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ |
| Moon | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnd/ | Mánu /ˈmaːnʊ/ | Mon /moːn/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Muun /muːn/ |
| Star | Stärn /ʃtærn/ | Stärn /ʃtærn/ | Stäru /ˈʃtæru/ | Stërn /ʃtærn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schteern /ʃteːrn/ |
| Night | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nàcht /nɒxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Rain | Räge /rɛɡə/ | Rägä /ˈrɛːɡə/ | Räge /rɛɡə/ | Räje /rɛjə/ | — | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regge /ˈrɛɡə/ |
| Snow | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Wind | Wind /vind/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /ʋind/ | Wìnd /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ |
| Earth | Ärd /ærd/ | Ärde /ɛrdə/ | Ärde /ɛrdə/ | Erd /ert/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erd /ɛrd/ |
| Stone | Stei /ʃtai/ | Stei /ʃtɛi/ | Stei /ʃtɛi/ | Stein /ʃtein/ | — | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Schtee /ʃteː/ |
| Mother | Müeter /myə̯tər/ | Mueter /muə̯tər/ | Mu̜eter /ˈmuə̯tər/ | Müeter /myətər/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mudder /mʊdər/ |
| Father | Atti /atːi/ | Vatter /fatər/ | Vattär /ˈfatːær/ | Vàtter /fɒtər/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Daadi /daːdi/ |
| Daughter | Techter /ˈtɛxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Techter /ˈtɛxtər/ | — | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Dochder /dɔxdər/ |
| I | ich /ix/ | ich /ɪx/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪx/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| You | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | dü /dy/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ |
| We | wir /vir/ | mir /mir/ | wier /ʋiər/ | mir /mir/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːr/ | mir /miːɐ̯/ |
| Name | Name /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Namu /ˈnamu/ | Nàme /nɒːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ |
| Eye | Oug /oʊɡ/ | Aug /aʊ̯ɡ/ | Oig /ɔɪ̯ɡ/ | Aug /ɒik/ | Aach /aːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Aag /ɔːk/ |
| Ear | Oor /oːr/ | Oor /oːr/ | Oor /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ |
| Nose | Nasu /ˈnaːsu/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nàs /nɒːs/ | — | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Naas /nɔːs/ |
| Tooth | Zan /tsan/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zohn /tsoːn/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zaah /tsɔː/ |
| Tongue | Zungu /tsuŋːu/ | Zunge /ˈtsuŋə/ | Zunga /ˈtsuŋa/ | Zùng /tsʊŋ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ |
| Hand | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hand/ | Hànd /hɒnt/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Foot | Fuess /fuəs/ | Fuess /fuəs/ | Füess /fyəs/ | — | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuuss /fuːs/ |
| Heart | Hërz /hɛrts/ | Härz /hærts/ | Härz /hærts/ | Hërz /hærts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Hatz /hats/ |
| Bone | Bei /bei/ | Chnoche /ˈxnɔxə/ | Chnoche /ˈxnɔxə/ | Knoche /knɔxə/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ |
| Blood | Bluet /bluət/ | Bluet /bluət/ | Bluet /bluət/ | Blüet /blyət/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /blut/ |
| Love | Liebi /liə̯bi/ | Liebi /liə̯bi/ | Liebi /ˈliə̯bi/ | Lieb /liəp/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | liewe /liːvə/ |
| Tree | Boum /boʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Boum /bɔʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ |
| Dog | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnd/ | Hung /hʊŋk/ | Hùnd /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Cat | Chatz /xats/ | Chatz /xats/ | Chatza /ˈxatsa/ | Kàtz /kʰɒts/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katz /kats/ |
| Fish | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fìsch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Butterfly | Pfiifoltra /ˈpfiːfoltra/ | Summervogel /ˈsʊmərfoːɡl̩/ | — | — | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ |
| Bear | Bèèr /bɛːr/ | Bärr /bær/ | Bärr /bær/ | Bär /bær/ | — | Bär /bɛːr/ | Baer /bɛːr/ |
| House | Hus /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Hus /huːs/ | Hüs /hyːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Salt | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Sàlz /sɒlts/ | — | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ |
| Wine | Wii /viː/ | Wii /ʋiː/ | Wii /ʋiː/ | Win /viːn/ | — | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wei /vaɪ/ |
| Iron | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | — | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ |
| Eat | ässe /æsə/ | ässe /æsə/ | ässu /ˈæsːʊ/ | ësse /æsə/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ |
| Drink | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trichu /ˈtrɪxʊ/ | trìnke /trɪŋkə/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ |
| Sleep | schlaafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔːfə/ | schlaaffu /ˈʃlaːfʊ/ | schlofe /ʃloːfə/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ |
| One | eins /æɪ̯ns/ | eis /æɪ̯s/ | eis /æɪ̯s/ | eins /eins/ | ans /ans/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eens /eːns/ |
| Two | zwei /tsʋei/ | zwöi /tsʋøi/ | zwei /tsvɛi/ | zwei /tsvei/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwee /tsveː/ |
| Three | drii /driː/ | drü /dryː/ | drii /driː/ | drei /drei/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Four | vieri /ˈfiːri/ | vier /fiər/ | vier /fiər/ | — | vier /fiɐ/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Five | füüf /fyːf/ | füüf /fyːf/ | füüf /fyːf/ | fìmf /fɪmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fimf /fɪmf/ |
| Hello | Grüössi /ɡryə̯sːi/ | Grüezi /ɡryə̯tsi/ | Tagwol /ˈtaɡʋol/ | Salü /saly/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Thank you | Vergelts Gott /fɛrɡɛlts ɡot/ | Merci /mɛrsi/ | Vergälts Gott /fɛrɡælts ɡot/ | Mersi /mɛrsi/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Denki /dɛŋki/ |
| Good | guet /ɡuə̯t/ | guet /ɡuə̯t/ | güet /ɡyə̯t/ | güet /ɡyət/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Red | rot /rot/ | rot /rɔt/ | rot /rot/ | rot /roːt/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /rot/ |
| White | wiiss /viːs/ | wyss /ʋiːs/ | wiiss /viːs/ | wiss /vis/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ |
| Green | grüe /ɡryə̯/ | grüen /ɡryən/ | grie /ɡriə/ | grìen /ɡriən/ | — | grün /ɡryːn/ | grie /ɡriː/ |
| Cuckoo | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | — | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | — |
| Computer | Computer /komˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /komˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /komˈpjuːtər/ | — | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ |
| Sushi | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — |
| Dopamine | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — | — | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — |
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