diutsch
Middle High German
Indo-European (Germanic, West) · historical / hidden variety
Middle High German is the form of High German between Old High German and Early New High German. It is the language of the Nibelungenlied, the Minnesänger (especially Walter von der Vogelweide), Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, and Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan. The High German consonant shift was complete by the Middle High German period.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Middle High German
Sources
- Paul (2007) — Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik
- Glottolog: midd1343
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Germanic, West)
| Meaning | Middle High German | Old High German | Luther-era German | Old Saxon | Swiss Standard German | Walser | Swiss German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wazzer /ˈwatser/ | wazzar /ˈwatsar/ | Wasser /ˈvasːər/ | watar /ˈwatar/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasːər/ | Wasser /vasːər/ |
| Fire | viur /viur/ | fiur /fiur/ | Fewr /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | fiur /fiur/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Für /fyːr/ | Füür /fyːr/ |
| Sun | sunne /ˈzunːə/ | sunna /ˈsunna/ | Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ | sunna /ˈsunːa/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sunna /sʊnːa/ | Sunne /sʊnə/ |
| Moon | mâne /ˈmaːnə/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | Mond /moːnt/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnd/ |
| Star | sterne /ˈstɛrnə/ | sterno /ˈsterno/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | sterro /ˈsterro/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stärn /ʃtærn/ | Stärn /ʃtærn/ |
| Night | naht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Rain | regen /ˈreɡən/ | regan /ˈreɡan/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | regan /reɣan/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Räge /rɛɡə/ | Rägä /ˈrɛːɡə/ |
| Snow | snē /sneː/ | snēo /sneːo/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | snēo /ˈsneːo/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Wind | wint /wɪnt/ | wint /wint/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | wind /wind/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vind/ | Wind /vɪnd/ |
| Earth | erde /ˈɛrdə/ | erda /ˈɛrda/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | ertha /erθa/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Ärd /ærd/ | Ärde /ɛrdə/ |
| Stone | stein /stɛin/ | stein /stein/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | stēn /steːn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stei /ʃtai/ | Stei /ʃtɛi/ |
| Mountain | berc /bɛrk/ | berg /berɡ/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | berg /berɡ/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | — | Bärg /bærɡ/ |
| Sea | mer /mɛr/ | meri /ˈmeri/ | Meer /meːr/ | seo /ˈseːo/ | Meer /meːr/ | — | Meer /meːr/ |
| Mother | muoter /ˈmuoːtər/ | muoter /ˈmuotɛr/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | modar /ˈmoːdar/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Müeter /myə̯tər/ | Mueter /muə̯tər/ |
| Father | vater /ˈfatər/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | fader /ˈfadər/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Atti /atːi/ | Vatter /fatər/ |
| Daughter | tohter /ˈtoxtər/ | tohter /ˈtoxtɛr/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | dohtar /ˈdoxtar/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Techter /ˈtɛxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ |
| I | ich /ix/ | ih /ix/ | ich /ɪç/ | ik /ik/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ix/ | ich /ɪx/ |
| You | dû /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | thu /θuː/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ |
| We | wir /wir/ | wir /wir/ | wir /viːr/ | wī /wiː/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /vir/ | mir /mir/ |
| Name | name /ˈnamə/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Person | mensch /mɛnʃ/ | mennisco /ˈmenːisko/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | man /man/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mänsch /mænʃ/ |
| Head | houbet /ˈhoubət/ | houbit /ˈhoubit/ | Heubt /hɔɪ̯pt/ | hōbid /ˈhoːβid/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | — | Chopf /xɔpf/ |
| Eye | ouge /ˈouɡə/ | ouga /ˈouɡa/ | Aug /aʊk/ | ōga /ˈoːɡa/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Oug /oʊɡ/ | Aug /aʊ̯ɡ/ |
| Ear | ōre /ˈoːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | Ohr /oːr/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Oor /oːr/ | Oor /oːr/ |
| Nose | nase /nazə/ | nasa /nasa/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | nasa /nasa/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nasu /ˈnaːsu/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ |
| Mouth | munt /munt/ | mund /munt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | mūth /muːθ/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | — | Muul /muːl/ |
| Tooth | zan /tsan/ | zand /tsand/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | tand /tand/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zan /tsan/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Tongue | zunge /ˈtsuŋɡə/ | zunga /ˈtsuŋɡa/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | tunga /ˈtuŋɡa/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zungu /tsuŋːu/ | Zunge /ˈtsuŋə/ |
| Hand | hant /hant/ | hant /hant/ | Handt /hant/ | hand /hand/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ |
| Foot | vuoz /ˈvuo̯s/ | fuoz /fuo̯s/ | Fus /fuːs/ | fōt /foːt/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuess /fuəs/ | Fuess /fuəs/ |
| Heart | herze /ˈhertsə/ | herza /ˈhertsa/ | Hertz /hɛrts/ | herta /ˈherta/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Hërz /hɛrts/ | Härz /hærts/ |
| Bone | bein /bein/ | bein /bein/ | Bein /baɪn/ | bēn /beːn/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Bei /bei/ | Chnoche /ˈxnɔxə/ |
| Blood | bluot /bluot/ | bluot /bluot/ | Blut /bluːt/ | blōd /bloːd/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bluet /bluət/ | Bluet /bluət/ |
| Poop | schîze /ʃiːtsə/ | mist /mist/ | Dreck /drɛk/ | — | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | — | Gaggi /ˈɡakːi/ |
| Love | minne /ˈminːə/ | minna /ˈminna/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | minnea /ˈminːea/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebi /liə̯bi/ | Liebi /liə̯bi/ |
| Tree | boum /boum/ | boum /boum/ | Bawm /baʊm/ | bōm /boːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Boum /boʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ |
| Dog | hunt /hunt/ | hunt /hunt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | hund /hund/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnd/ |
| Cat | katze /ˈkatsə/ | kazza /ˈkatsa/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | katta /ˈkatːa/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Chatz /xats/ | Chatz /xats/ |
| Fish | visch /viʃ/ | fisc /fisk/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | fisk /fisk/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Bird | vogel /ˈfoɡəl/ | fogal /ˈfoɡal/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/ | fugal /ˈfuɡal/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | — | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Butterfly | vīvalter /ˈfiːfalter/ | fifaltra /ˈfifaltra/ | — | — | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Pfiifoltra /ˈpfiːfoltra/ | Summervogel /ˈsʊmərfoːɡl̩/ |
| Egg | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | Ey /aɪ̯/ | ei /ɛi/ | Ei /aɪ/ | — | Ei /ei/ |
| Bear | ber /bɛr/ | bero /ˈbero/ | — | bero /ˈbero/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bèèr /bɛːr/ | Bärr /bær/ |
| Horse | ros /rɔs/ | ros /ros/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | hros /hros/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | — | Ross /rɔs/ |
| House | hûs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | Hauß /haʊs/ | hūs /huːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Hus /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ |
| Milk | milch /milç/ | miluh /ˈmilux/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | miluk /ˈmiluk/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | — | Milch /milx/ |
| Honey | honec /ˈhonɛk/ | honag /ˈhonaɡ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | huneg /ˈhunɛɣ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | — | Hung /hʊŋ/ |
| Salt | salz /salts/ | salz /salts/ | Saltz /zalts/ | salt /salt/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ |
| Wine | wīn /viːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | wīn /wiːn/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wii /viː/ | Wii /ʋiː/ |
| Rice | rīs /riːs/ | — | — | — | Reis /raɪs/ | — | Riis /riːs/ |
| Iron | īsen /ˈiːzən/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | Eisen /ˈaɪzən/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ |
| Wheel | rat /rat/ | rad /rat/ | Rad /raːt/ | rath /raθ/ | Rad /raːt/ | — | Rad /raːd/ |
| Silk | sîde /ˈsiːdə/ | sīda /ˈsiːda/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | — | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | — | Siide /ˈsiːdə/ |
| Book | buoch /buox/ | buoh /buox/ | Buch /buːx/ | bōk /boːk/ | Buch /buːx/ | — | Buech /buəx/ |
| Eat | ezzen /ˈetsən/ | ezzan /ˈetsan/ | essen /ˈɛsːən/ | etan /ˈetan/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | ässe /æsə/ | ässe /æsə/ |
| Drink | trinken /ˈtrinkən/ | trinkan /ˈtrinkan/ | trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ | drinkan /ˈdrinkan/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ |
| Sleep | slāfen /ˈslɑːfən/ | slāfan /ˈslɑːfan/ | schlaffen /ˈʃlafən/ | slāpan /ˈslɑːpan/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlaafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔːfə/ |
| One | ein /ein/ | ein /ein/ | eyn /aɪ̯n/ | ēn /eːn/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /æɪ̯ns/ | eis /æɪ̯s/ |
| Two | zwei /tsweɪ/ | zwei /tswei/ | zwey /tsvaɪ/ | twēne /ˈtweːne/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwei /tsʋei/ | zwöi /tsʋøi/ |
| Three | drî /driː/ | drī /driː/ | drei /draɪ/ | thrie /θriː/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drii /driː/ | drü /dryː/ |
| Four | vier /fiːr/ | fior /fioːr/ | vier /fiːr/ | fiuwar /ˈfiuwar/ | vier /fiːr/ | vieri /ˈfiːri/ | vier /fiər/ |
| Five | vünf /fynf/ | fimf /fimf/ | fünff /fʏnf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | füüf /fyːf/ | füüf /fyːf/ |
| Hundred | hundert /ˈhundərt/ | hunt /hunt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hund /hund/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | — | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ |
| Hello | gegrüezet /ɡəˈɡryːətsət/ | heil /heil/ | Gott zum Gruß /ɡɔt tsʊm ɡruːs/ | heil /heil/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Grüössi /ɡryə̯sːi/ | Grüezi /ɡryə̯tsi/ |
| Thank you | danc /daŋk/ | danc /daŋk/ | Danck /daŋk/ | thank /θaŋk/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Vergelts Gott /fɛrɡɛlts ɡot/ | Merci /mɛrsi/ |
| Good | guot /ɡuoːt/ | guot /ɡuot/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guet /ɡuə̯t/ | guet /ɡuə̯t/ |
| New | niuwe /ˈniuwə/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | new /nɔɪ̯/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | — | nöi /nøi/ |
| Red | rôt /roːt/ | rōt /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rōd /roːd/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /rot/ | rot /rɔt/ |
| White | wīz /viːts/ | wīz /wiːts/ | weis /vaɪ̯s/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | wiiss /viːs/ | wyss /ʋiːs/ |
| Black | swarz /svarts/ | swarz /swarts/ | schwartz /ʃvarts/ | swart /swart/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ |
| Green | grüene /ɡryənə/ | gruoni /ɡruoni/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grōni /ˈɡroːni/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grüe /ɡryə̯/ | grüen /ɡryən/ |
| Blue | blā /blaː/ | blāo /blaːo/ | — | — | blau /blaʊ/ | — | blau /blɑu/ |
| Cuckoo | gouch /ˈɡou̯x/ | gouh /ˈɡou̯x/ | gukuk /ˈɡʊkʊk/ | — | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ |
| Sushi | stocvisch /ˈstɔkfiʃ/ | — | Stockfisch /ˈʃtɔkfɪʃ/ | — | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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