𐤐𐤍𐤊

Punic

Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) SpeakersExtinct (~800 BCE-5th c. CE) ScriptPunic alphabet (cursive Phoenician) CountriesCarthage and the Punic Mediterranean (Tunisia, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, etc.) Official inCarthaginian Empire Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xpu

Punic was the late variety of Phoenician spoken across the Carthaginian commercial empire and its successor states from Cádiz to Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, and the Maghreb coast. After the Roman destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE, it persisted as a regional language in North Africa for centuries — Augustine of Hippo, writing in the late 4th century CE, attested its continued vernacular use. Neo-Punic developed cursive letterforms increasingly distinct from the older Phoenician monumental script.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Punic

Water

𐤌𐤌

meːm

Fire

𐤀𐤔

ʔeʃ

Sun

𐤔𐤌𐤔

ʃameʃ

Moon

𐤉𐤓𐤇

jeraħ

Star

𐤊𐤊𐤁

koːkab

Night

𐤋𐤋

lajl

Rain

𐤌𐤈𐤓

maˈtˤar

Wind

𐤓𐤅𐤇

ruːħ

Earth

𐤀𐤓𐤑

ʔarsˤ

Stone

𐤀𐤁𐤍

ʔaben

Mother

𐤀𐤌

ʔem

Father

𐤀𐤁

ʔav

Daughter

𐤁𐤕

bat

I

𐤀𐤍𐤊

ʔanoːk

You

𐤀𐤕

ʔatta

We

𐤀𐤍𐤇𐤍

ʔanaħnu

Name

𐤔𐤌

ʃem

Person

𐤍𐤐𐤔

nefeʃ

Head

𐤓𐤀𐤔

ruːʃ

Eye

𐤏𐤍

ʕajin

Ear

𐤀𐤆𐤍

ʔuzn

Mouth

𐤐

peː

Tooth

𐤔𐤍

ʃen

Tongue

𐤋𐤔𐤍

laʃon

Hand

𐤉𐤃

jad

Foot

𐤐𐤏𐤌

paʕam

Heart

𐤋𐤁

lib

Bone

𐤏𐤑𐤌

ʕasˤm

Blood

𐤃𐤌

dam

Love

—

—

Tree

𐤏𐤑

ʕesˤ

Dog

𐤊𐤋𐤁

kalb

Cat

—

—

Fish

𐤃𐤂

daɡ

Bird

𐤑𐤐𐤓

sˤippor

House

𐤁𐤕

beːt

Milk

𐤇𐤋𐤁

ħalab

Honey

𐤍𐤐𐤕

nofet

Wine

𐤉𐤍

jeːn

Iron

𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋

barzel

Eat

𐤀𐤊𐤋

ʔakal

Drink

𐤔𐤕

ʃat

One

𐤀𐤇𐤃

ʔeħad

Two

𐤔𐤍𐤌

ʃnem

Three

𐤔𐤋𐤔

ʃaloːʃ

Four

𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏

ʔarbaʕ

Five

𐤇𐤌𐤔

ħameʃ

Hundred

𐤌𐤀𐤕

miʔat

Hello

𐤔𐤋𐤌

ʃaloːm

Thank you

—

—

Good

𐤈𐤁

tˤob

New

𐤇𐤃𐤔

ħadaʃ

Red

𐤀𐤃𐤌

ʔadom

White

𐤋𐤁𐤍

laban

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite)

Meaning PunicPhoenicianUgariticOld AramaicProto-SemiticMishnaic HebrewBiblical Hebrew
Water 𐤌𐤌 /meːm/ 𐤌𐤌 /meːm/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ מין /majin/ *māʔ- /māʔ/ מים /majim/ מים /majim/
Fire 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ נור /nuːr/ *ʔiš- /ʔiš/ אש /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔeʃ/
Sun 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ *šamš- /šamš/ חמה /ħamːa/ שמש /ˈʃɛmɛʃ/
Moon 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jeraħ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaraħ/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ שהר /sahr/ *warḫ- /warḫ/ לבנה /levɑnɑ/ ירח /jɔːreːaħ/
Star 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ 𐎋𐎁𐎋𐎁 /kabkabu/ כוכב /kawkab/ *kawkab- /kawkab/ כּוֹכָב /koˈxav/ כּוֹכָב /koːˈxaːv/
Night 𐤋𐤋 /lajl/ 𐤋𐤋 /lajl/ 𐎍𐎍 /lajlu/ לליא /leːljaː/ *layl- /lajl/ לילה /ˈlajla/ לילה /ˈlajlaː/
Rain 𐤌𐤈𐤓 /maˈtˤar/ 𐤌𐤈𐤓 /maˈtˤar/ 𐎎𐎉𐎗 /maːˈtˤaru/ 𐡌𐡈𐡓 /maːtˤar/ *maṭar- /maṭar/ גשם /ˈɡeʃem/ גשם /ˈɡeːʃem/
Wind 𐤓𐤅𐤇 /ruːħ/ 𐤓𐤇 /riːħ/ 𐎗𐎈 /riːħu/ 𐡓𐡅𐡇 /riːħ/ *rīḥ- /riːħ/ רוח /ˈruaħ/ רוח /ˈruːaħ/
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