تركي

Karakhanid

Turkic (Karluk) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyTurkic (Karluk) SpeakersExtinct (~9th-13th c. CE) ScriptArabic / Old Uyghur CountriesKarakhanid Khanate (Central Asia, modern Xinjiang/Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan) Official inKarakhanid Khanate Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xqa

Karakhanid Turkic (ISO 639-3: xqa), also called Khāqānī Turkic, was a literary Turkic language used in the Karakhanid realms of Central Asia from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. It represents an early Islamic literary stage of the Karluk branch and is classified by scholars within either late Old Turkic or Middle Turkic. Its central monuments include Yūsuf Khāṣṣ Ḥājib’s Qutadgu Bilig, completed in 1069–1070, and Maḥmūd al-Kāshgharī’s Arabic-language Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, compiled in 1072–1074 and rich in Turkic words, poetry, and grammatical observations. Surviving works are transmitted mainly in Arabic script, although a manuscript of Qutadgu Bilig uses the Old Uyghur script. Karakhanid contributed to later Khwarazmian and Chagatai literary traditions and forms part of the historical background of modern Uzbek and Uyghur, rather than mapping exactly onto either language.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Karakhanid

Water

suw

suw

Fire

ot

ot

Sun

kün

kyn

Moon

ay

aj

Star

yulduz

julduz

Night

tün

tyn

Rain

yağmur

jaɣmur

Snow

qar

qar

Wind

yel

jel

Earth

yer

jer

Stone

taš

taʃ

Mountain

tağ

taɣ

Sea

täŋiz

tæŋiz

Mother

ana

ana

Father

ata

ata

Daughter

qız

qɯz

I

men

men

You

sen

sen

We

biz

biz

Name

at

at

Person

kiši

kiʃi

Head

baš

baʃ

Eye

köz

køz

Ear

qulqaq

qulqaq

Nose

burun

burun

Mouth

ağız

aɣɯz

Tooth

tiş

tiʃ

Tongue

til

til

Hand

elig

eliɡ

Foot

adhaq

aðaq

Heart

yürek

jyrek

Bone

süŋük

syŋyk

Blood

qan

qan

Poop

bütgü

bytɡy

Love

sevgü

sevɡy

Tree

yığač

jɯɣatʃ

Dog

it

it

Cat

čätük

tʃætyk

Fish

balıq

balɯq

Bird

quş

quʃ

Butterfly

käpäli

kæpæli

Egg

yumurtğa

jumurtɣa

Bear

adhığ

aðɯɣ

House

ev

ev

Milk

süt

syt

Honey

bal

bal

Salt

tuz

tuz

Wine

bor

bor

Rice

tuturqan

tuturqan

Iron

temür

temyr

Silk

torqu

torqu

Book

bitig

bitiɡ

Eat

yi-

ji

Drink

ič-

itʃ

Sleep

uḏı-

uðɯ

One

bir

bir

Two

iki

iki

Three

üč

ytʃ

Four

tört

tørt

Five

beš

beʃ

Hundred

yüz

jyz

Hello

salām

salaːm

Thank you

—

—

Good

yaqšı

jaqʃɯ

New

yaŋı

jaŋɯ

Red

qızıl

qɯzɯl

White

ürüŋ

yryŋ

Black

qara

qara

Green

yašıl

jaʃɯl

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Turkic (Karluk)

Meaning KarakhanidOld TurkicKumykNogaiKarachay-BalkarProto-TurkicWestern Yugur
Water suw /suw/ 𐰽𐰆𐰉 /sub/ сув /suw/ сув /suw/ суу /suw/ *sub /sub/ su /su/
Fire ot /ot/ 𐰆𐱃 /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/ *ōt /ōt/ ot /ot/
Sun kün /kyn/ 𐰚𐰇𐰤 /kyn/ гюн /ɡyn/ куьн /kyn/ кюн /kyn/ *kün /kün/ kün /kyn/
Moon ay /aj/ 𐰀𐰖 /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/ *āń /āń/ aj /aj/
Star yulduz /julduz/ 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰕 /jultuz/ юлдуз /julduz/ юлдыз /juldɯz/ жулдуз /ʒulˈduz/ *jultuz /jultuz/ jɨltɨs /jɯltɯs/
Night tün /tyn/ 𐱅𐰇𐰤 /tyn/ гече /ɡetʃe/ кеше /keʃe/ кече /ketʃe/ *tün /tyn/ tün /tyn/
Rain yağmur /jaɣmur/ — янгур /jaŋˈur/ ямгыр /jamˈɡɯr/ жауун /ʒɑˈwun/ *jag- /jaɣ/ jaɣmər /jɑɣmər/
Snow qar /qar/ 𐰴𐰺 /qar/ къар /qar/ кар /qar/ къар /qar/ *kar /kaːr/ qar /qar/
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