ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ

Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Afro-Asiatic (Berber, Northern Berber; planned standard pooling Tashelhiyt, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tarifit)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Berber, Northern Berber; planned standard pooling Tashelhiyt, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tarifit) Speakers~9M (planned standard, no native speakers) ScriptTifinagh (Neo-Tifinagh, the sole official orthography since IRCAM's choice in 2003) CountriesMorocco Official inMorocco (co-official with Arabic under Article 5 of the 2011 Constitution, the first time an Amazigh variety held that status in the country, with roll-out into schools and administration still being phased in) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3zgh

Standard Moroccan Tamazight is not anybody's mother tongue but a planned standard, assembled by the Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe from 2001 onward by pooling Morocco's three large Amazigh varieties — Tashelhiyt, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tarifit. It was made co-official with Arabic by Article 5 of the 2011 constitution, and since 2003 it has been written exclusively in Neo-Tifinagh, an alphabet revived from ancient Libyco-Berber inscriptions and encoded in Unicode. IRCAM's Dictionnaire Général de la Langue Amazighe supplies both the inherited core (aman 'water', tafukt 'sun', tiṭṭ 'eye') and coinages for the modern world, such as amssuds 'computer', built like French ordinateur from a root meaning 'to arrange'. Because the standard resolves competing dialect forms by choice rather than by usage, forms such as amucc 'cat' and keyyi 'you (m.)' can differ from what any given speaker says at home. Implementation in schools, courts and signage has been slow, and most Moroccan Amazigh speakers still read and write their own variety rather than the standard.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Water

ⴰⵎⴰⵏ

aman

Fire

ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ

timsːi

Sun

ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ

tafukt

Moon

ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ

ajːur

Star

ⵉⵜⵔⵉ

itri

Night

ⵉⴹ

idˤ

Rain

ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵔ

anzˤar

Snow

ⴰⴷⴼⵍ

adfəl

Wind

ⴰⴹⵓ

adˤu

Earth

ⴰⴽⴰⵍ

akal

Stone

ⴰⵥⵔⵓ

azˤru

Mountain

ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ

adrar

Sea

ⵉⵍⵍ

ilː

Mother

ⵉⵎⵎⴰ

imːa

Father

ⴱⴰⴱⴰ

baba

Daughter

ⵢⵍⵍⵉ

jəlli

I

ⵏⴽⴽ

nəkː

You

ⴽⵢⵢⵉ

kəjːi

We

ⵏⴽⴽⵏⵉ

nəkːni

Name

ⵉⵙⵎ

isəm

Person

ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ

afɡan

Head

ⵉⵅⴼ

iχf

Eye

ⵜⵉⵟⵟ

titˤː

Ear

ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ

aməzˤːuʁ

Nose

ⵜⵉⵏⵣⵔⵜ

tinzərt

Mouth

ⵉⵎⵉ

imi

Tooth

ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵙⵜ

tiʁməst

Tongue

ⵉⵍⵙ

ils

Hand

ⴰⴼⵓⵙ

afus

Foot

ⴰⴹⴰⵔ

adˤar

Heart

ⵓⵍ

ul

Bone

ⵉⵖⵙ

iʁəs

Blood

ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ

idamːən

Love

ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ

tajri

Tree

ⴰⵙⴽⵍⵓ

asəklu

Dog

ⴰⵢⴷⵉ

ajdi

Cat

ⴰⵎⵓⵛⵛ

amuʃː

Fish

ⴰⵙⵍⵎ

asləm

Bird

ⴰⴳⴹⵉⴹ

aɡdˤidˤ

Egg

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴰⵢⵜ

taɡlajt

Horse

ⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ

ajːis

House

ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ

tiɡəmːi

Honey

ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵏⵜ

tamːənt

Salt

ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ

tisənt

Iron

ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ

uzːal

Silk

ⴰⵎⵟⵟⴰⵍⴼⵓ

amtˤːalfu

Book

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ

adlis

Eat

ⵛⵛ

ʃː

Drink

ⵙⵓ

su

Sleep

ⴳⵏ

ɡən

One

ⵢⴰⵏ

jan

Two

ⵙⵉⵏ

sin

Three

ⴽⵕⴰⴹ

kradˤ

Four

ⴽⴽⵓⵥ

kːuzˤ

Five

ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ

səmːus

Hundred

ⵜⵉⵎⵉⴹⵉ

timidˤi

Hello

ⴰⵣⵓⵍ

azul

Thank you

ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ

tanəmːirt

Good

ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ

ifulki

New

ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ

amajnu

Red

ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ

azɡʷːaʁ

White

ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ

aməlːal

Black

ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ

abərkan

Green

ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ

azəɡza

Blue

ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ

azəɡza

Computer

ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ

amsːuds

Sushi

ⵙⵓⵛⵉ

suʃi

Tea

ⴰⵜⴰⵢ

ataj

Coffee

ⵍⵇⵀⵡⴰ

lqahwa

Orange

ⵍⵉⵜⵛⵉⵏ

litʃin

Internet laughter

ⵀⵀⵀⵀ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic (Berber, Northern Berber; planned standard pooling Tashelhiyt, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tarifit)

Meaning Standard Moroccan TamazightTashelhitCentral Atlas TamazightShawiyaKabyleTarifitTamasheq
Water ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/ aman /aman/ aman /aman/ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ /aman/
Fire ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ /timsːi/ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉ /timsi/ ⵜⵉⵎⵙ /times/ times /times/ times /timəs/ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵉ /θmesːi/ ⵜⵎⵙⵉ /təmsi/
Sun ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ /tafukt/ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ /tafukt/ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ /tafukt/ ittij /itːiʒ/ iṭij /itˤiʒ/ ⵜⴼⵓⵛⵜ /θfuʃt/ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽ /tafuk/
Moon ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ /ajːur/ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ /ajːuɾ/ ⴰⵢⵓⵔ /ajur/ ayur /ajuɾ/ aggur /aɡːuɾ/ ⵢⵓⵔ /jur/ ⴰⵢⵓⵔ /ajor/
Star ⵉⵜⵔⵉ /itri/ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ /itri/ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ /itri/ itri /itri/ itri /itri/ ⵉⵜⵔⵉ /iθri/ ⴰⵜⵔⵉ /atri/
Night ⵉⴹ /idˤ/ ⵉⴹ /idˤ/ ⵉⴹ /idˤ/ iḍ /iðˤ/ iḍ /iðˤ/ ⵉⴹ /iðˤ/ — /—/
Rain ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵔ /anzˤar/ ⴰⵏⵣⴰⵔ /anzar/ ⴰⵏⵣⴰⵔ /anzar/ anẓar /anzˤar/ ageffur /aɡefːur/ ⴰⵏⵥⴰⵔ /anzˤar/ ⴰⴽⵙⴰ /akəsa/
Snow ⴰⴷⴼⵍ /adfəl/ ⴰⴷⴼⵍ /adfl/ ⴰⴷⴼⵍ /adfəl/ adfel /adfəl/ adfel /adfəl/ ⴰⴷⴼⴻⵔ /aðfəɾ/ —
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