Poqomchi'
Kipoqomchi
Kimaya
Pocomchi' (pia Poqomchi') ni lugha ya Kimaya ya tawi la Quichean-Mamean, inayozungumzwa na takriban watu 50,000 wa Pocomchi katika eneo la Verapaces (mikoa ya Alta Verapaz na Baja Verapaz) ya Guatemala ya kati. Kiisimu, Pocomchi inashiriki sifa za kityipolojia za Kimaya (mpangilio wa ergative-absolutive, mofolojia changamano ya vitenzi vya watu wengi, konsonanti za glota, konsonanti za uvula) na lugha zake dada zikiwemo Pocomam, Achi (acr), na K'iche' kubwa zaidi (quc). Jamii ya Pocomchi imeidumisha lugha hii licha ya utawala wa lugha ya Kihispania, kupitia sarufi ya Pocomchi ya Brown ya mwaka 1979 na ufufuaji wa kisasa kupitia Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kipoqomchi
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kimaya
| Maana | Kipoqomchi | Kiuspanteko | Kʼiche | Kaqchikel | Qʼeqchi | Proto-Maya | Ixil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | *haʔ /haʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ |
| Moto | qʼaaqʼ /qʼaːqʼ/ | qʼaaqʼ /qʼaːqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | xam /ʃam/ | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ |
| Jua | qʼiij /qʼiːx/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | qʼii /qʼiː/ |
| Mwezi | poh /poh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | po /po/ | *uːh /uːh/ | ichʼ /itʃʼ/ |
| Nyota | chʼumiil /tʃʼumiːl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chahim /tʃahim/ | *eʼq /eʼq/ | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ |
| Usiku | aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | laqʼabʼ /laqʼaɓ/ | aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼaʼ /aqʼaʔ/ | qʼojyin /qʼoχjin/ | *aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ |
| Mvua | jabʼ /xaɓ/ | jabʼ /haɓ/ | jabʼ /xaɓ/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | habʼ /haɓ/ | *nhabʼ /ŋaɓ/ | jabʼal /haɓal/ |
| Theluji | miik /miːk/ | chun tew /tʃun tew/ | saq tew /saq tew/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | xchuʼi keh /ʃtʃuʔi keh/ | — | txuncheʼv /tʃuntʃeʔv/ |
| Upepo | teew /teːw/ | tew /tew/ | iqʼ /iqʼ/ | kaqʼiqʼ /kaqʼiqʼ/ | iqʼ /iqʼ/ | *ʔiʔqʼ /ʔiʔqʼ/ | kajiqʼ /kahiqʼ/ |
| Udongo | akʼal /akʼal/ | ulew /uleːw/ | ulew /ulew/ | ulew /uleːw/ | chʼochʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | *chʼohchʼ /tʃʼohtʃʼ/ | txʼavaʼ /tʃʼaʋaʔ/ |
| Jiwe | abʼaj /aɓax/ | ábʼaj /ˈáɓax/ | abʼaj /aɓax/ | abäj /aˈɓəx/ | pek /pek/ | *ʔaʔbʼaj /ʔaʔbʼaj/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ |
| Mlima | yuuqʼ /juːqʼ/ | witz /wits/ | juyubʼ /xujuɓ/ | juyuʼ /xuˈjuʔ/ | tzuul /tsuːl/ | *witz /wits/ | vitz /vits/ |
| Bahari | palaw /palaw/ | mar /mar/ | plo /plo/ | palow /palow/ | palaw /palaw/ | — | mar /mar/ |
| Mama | tuut /tuːt/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | *naʔ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Baba | ajaaw /axaːw/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | *taat /taat/ | baʼ /baʔ/ |
| Binti | ixqʼuun /iʃqʼuːn/ | rabʼin /raɓin/ | miʼal /miʔal/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | rabʼin /raɓin/ | — | meʼal /meʔal/ |
| Mimi | hin /hin/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | rïn /rɪn/ | laaʼin /laːʔin/ | *in /in/ | in /in/ |
| Wewe | hat /hat/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | rat /rat/ | laaʼat /laːʔat/ | *ʔat /ʔat/ | axh /aʃ/ |
| Sisi | hoj /hox/ | oj /ox/ | uj /ux/ | röj /rʊx/ | laaʼo /laːʔo/ | — /—/ | oʼ /oʔ/ |
| Jina | bʼihnaal /ɓihnaːl/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | kʼabʼaʼej /kʼaɓaʔeχ/ | *bʼih /bʼih/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ |
| Mtu | kʼachareel /kʼatʃareːl/ | kristyan /kristjan/ | winaq /winaq/ | winäq /wiˈnəq/ | poyanam /pojanam/ | *winaq /winaq/ | uxhchil /uʃtʃil/ |
| Kichwa | nahis /nahis/ | bʼaa /ɓaː/ | jolom /xolom/ | jolom /xolom/ | jolom /χolom/ | — | viʼ /viʔ/ |
| Jicho | naqʼwachis /naqʼwatʃis/ | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | runaqʼ ruwäch /runaqʼ ruwətʃ/ | xnaqʼ u /ʃnaqʼ u/ | *Haty /hatʲ/ | vusal /vusal/ |
| Sikio | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikiin /ʃikiːn/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xik /ʃik/ | *xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ |
| Pua | juʼ /xuʔ/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ | tzaʼn /tsaʔn/ | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ | *nhiiʔ /ŋiːʔ/ | juʼ /χuʔ/ |
| Mdomo | chiʼhis /tʃiʔhis/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | e /e/ | *tyiiʔ /tʲiːʔ/ | tziʼ /tsiʔ/ |
| Jino | ehis /ehis/ | e /e/ | ware /waɾe/ | ey /ej/ | ruuch e /ruːtʃ e/ | *ʔeeh /ʔeːh/ | eh /eh/ |
| Ulimi | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | *aaqʼ /aːqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Mkono | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaabʼ /qʼaːɓ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | uqʼm /uqʼm/ | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ |
| Mguu | ooq /oːq/ | aqan /aqan/ | aqan /aqan/ | aqän /aqən/ | oq /oq/ | *ʔooq /ʔoːq/ | oj /oχ/ |
| Moyo | kʼuxliis /kʼuʃliːs/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | — /—/ | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ |
| Mfupa | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | *bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ |
| Damu | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kïkʼ /kɪkʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | *kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kaq /kaq/ |
| Kinyesi | saaʼ /saːʔ/ | — | achaq /atʃaq/ | — | kʼot /kʼot/ | *ta7 /taʔ/ | txaʼ /tʃaʔ/ |
| Upendo | rahaal /rahaːl/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | rahok /rahok/ | — /—/ | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ |
| Mti | cheeʼ /tʃeːʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | *teʔ /teʔ/ | tze /tse/ |
| Mbwa | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | mees /meːs/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | mes /mes/ | — /—/ | mees /meːs/ |
| Samaki | kar /kar/ | kar /kar/ | kar /kaɾ/ | kar /kar/ | kar /kar/ | *kar /kar/ | chay /tʃaj/ |
| Ndege | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | *tzʼikin /tzʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ |
| Kipepeo | pehpem /pehpem/ | — | pepe /pepe/ | palamax /palamaʃ/ | peepem /peːpem/ | *pehpen /pehpen/ | naaviʼ /naːviʔ/ |
| Yai | miloj /milox/ | saqmolobʼ /saqmoloɓ/ | saqmoʼl /saqmoʔl/ | saqmoloʼ /saqmoloʔ/ | mol /mol/ | — | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ |
| Dubu | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oos /oːs/ | — | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | kawaay /kawaːj/ | kwaʼy /kwaʔj/ | kej /kex/ | kej /kex/ | kawaay /kawaːj/ | — | kaay /kaːj/ |
| Nyumba | paat /paːt/ | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | *nah /nah/ | kabʼal /kaɓal/ |
| Maziwa | chʼuuchʼ /tʃʼuːtʃʼ/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | leech /leːtʃ/ | — | chʼuʼ /tʃʼuʔ/ |
| Asali | kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | xyaʼal kabʼ /ʃjaʔal kaɓ/ | *kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Chumvi | atzʼaam /atsʼaːm/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | *ʔaʔtzʼaam /ʔaʔtsʼaːm/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | vin /bin/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | bʼiin /ɓiːn/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Mchele | aroos /aroːs/ | — | arroz /aros/ | arroz /aˈros/ | aros /aros/ | — | arus /arus/ |
| Chokoleti | chikolaat /tʃikolaːt/ | — | chocolate | chocolate | chokolaat | — | — |
| Chuma | chʼihchʼ /tʃʼihtʃʼ/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | — | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ |
| Gurudumu | kotokaq /kotokaq/ | — | — | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | — |
| Kitabu | huuj /huːx/ | wuuj /wuːx/ | wuj /wux/ | wuj /wux/ | hu /hu/ | *huʔnh /huʔŋ/ | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ |
| Kula | wiʼk /wiʔk/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | waʼak /waʔak/ | *waʔ /waʔ/ | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ |
| Kunywa | uukʼ /uːkʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːx/ | kumun /kumun/ | ukʼak /ukʼak/ | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | ucha /utʃa/ |
| Kulala | wirik /wirik/ | war /war/ | war /waɾ/ | war /war/ | wark /wark/ | *war /war/ | wat /wat/ |
| Moja | jinaj /xinax/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /χun/ | *jun /jun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | kiʼibʼ /kiʔiɓ/ | quiibʼ /kiːɓ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | wiibʼ /wiːɓ/ | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ |
| Tatu | ixibʼ /iʃiɓ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | oxiʼ /oʃiʔ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | *ʼoxibʼ /ʔoʃiɓ/ | oxvaʼl /oʃʋaʔl/ |
| Nne | kijibʼ /kixiɓ/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ | kajiʼ /kaxiʔ/ | kaahibʼ /kaːhiɓ/ | *kaŋibʼ /kaŋiɓ/ | kajvaʼl /kahʋaʔl/ |
| Tano | hoʼoobʼ /hoʔoːɓ/ | joobʼ /hoːɓ/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | woʼoʼ /woʔoʔ/ | oobʼ /oːɓ/ | *hoʔ /hoʔ/ | oʼvaʼl /oʔʋaʔl/ |
| Mia | hoʼkʼahl /hoʔkʼahl/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ | jokʼal /xokʼal/ | wokʼal /wokʼal/ | oʼkʼaal /oʔkʼaːl/ | — | oʼkʼalal /oʔkʼalal/ |
| Habari | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwətʃ/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma saʔ laːtʃʼoːl/ | — /—/ | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ |
| Asante | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | — /—/ | tantixh /tantiʃ/ |
| Nzuri | holohik /holohik/ | tzi /tsi/ | utz /uts/ | ütz /ʊts/ | us /us/ | *utz /utz/ | utzʼ /utsʼ/ |
| Mpya | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼaʼ /kʼakʼaʔ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | *ʔa(a)kʼ /ʔakʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Nyekundu | kaq /kaq/ | kyeq /kjeq/ | kaq /kaq/ | käq /kəq/ | kaq /kaq/ | *kaq /kaq/ | kaq /kaq/ |
| Nyeupe | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | säq /səq/ | saq /saq/ | *saq /saq/ | saj /saχ/ |
| Nyeusi | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | *ʔejqʼ /ʔejqʼ/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Kijani | rax /raʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | räx /rəʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | *raʔx /raʔʃ/ | chaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ |
| Buluu | rax /raʃ/ | xaar /ʃaːr/ | xar /ʃaɾ/ | räx /rəʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | — | — |
| Kahawa | kapeh /kapeh/ | — | kape /kape/ | kape /kape/ | kape /kape/ | — | — |
| Sukari | asuukar /asuːkar/ | — | asukal /asukal/ | kʼajkabʼ /kʼaxkaɓ/ | asuukr /asuːkɾ/ | — | asukaal /asukaːl/ |
| Chungwa | araan /araːn/ | — | alanxax /alanʃaʃ/ | alanx /alanʃ/ | chiin /tʃiːn/ | — | — |
| 99 | belejlaj roʼkʼahl /belexlax roʔkʼahl/ | junmuchʼ bʼelejlajuj /hunmutʃʼ ɓelexlaxux/ | junmuchʼ bʼelej lajuj /xunmutʃʼ ɓelex laxux/ | — | — | — | bʼelelaval toʼkʼal /ɓelelaʋal toʔkʼal/ |
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