Kĩembu
Kiembu
Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Kibantu, E.50)
Kiembu (Kĩembu) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya Nyanda za Juu za Kati za Kenya inayozungumzwa na watu wa Embu wa Kaunti ya Embu na kaunti jirani za Tharaka-Nithi na Kirinyaga kwenye miteremko ya kusini-mashariki ya Mlima Kenya, ikiwa na wazungumzaji wapatao 600,000. Inategemea kundi la Kibantu E.50 (Kibantu cha Kati cha Kenya) pamoja na Kikuyu (ki, kik), Kimeru (mer), Kikamba (kam) na nyingine, na inashiriki maneno mengi yenye asili moja na sifa za kisarufi na majirani hawa. Kama lugha nyingine za Kibantu, Kiembu kina mfumo wa ngeli za nomino (~ngeli 18), mofolojia ya vitenzi ya muunganisho, na fonolojia ya toni. Kinatambuliwa kama lugha asilia ya Kenya chini ya katiba ya mwaka 2010. Mapokeo ya mdomo yenye nguvu; tafsiri ya Biblia ilikamilika mwishoni mwa karne ya 20.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiembu
Vyanzo
- Ethnologue: ebu
- Mwaniki (1973) The Living History of Embu and Mbeere
- Maho (2009) NUGL Online (Bantu E.50 group)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Kibantu, E.50)
| Maana | Kiembu | Kikikuyu | Kimeru | Kikamba | Kinyaturu | Kichasu | Kishambaa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | manjĩ /maɲdʒe/ | maaĩ /maːe/ | rũũjĩ /ɾoːdʒe/ | kĩwʼũ /kiwu/ | maji /madʒi/ | mende /mende/ | mazi /mazi/ |
| Moto | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwanki /mwaŋki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | riũa /ɾioa/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | syũa /sjua/ | yura /juɾa/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ |
| Mwezi | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mwei /mwei/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ |
| Nyota | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njota /ndʒɔta/ | nzaĩ /nzai/ | njota /ndʒota/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ |
| Usiku | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /utuku/ | utiku /utiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | kilo /kilo/ |
| Mvua | mbura /mbura/ | mbura /ˈmbura/ | ngai /ŋɡai/ | mbua /ˈmbua/ | mbura /mbura/ | mvua /mvua/ | fula /fula/ |
| Theluji | ĩra /eɾa/ | ira /ˈiɾa/ | nkamia /ŋkamia/ | ĩa /ĩa/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | — |
| Upepo | rũkũngi /ɾokoŋɡi/ | rũhuho /ɾòhùːhɔ̀/ | ruuo /ɾuːɔ/ | kĩseve /kiseve/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ |
| Udongo | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | tĩĩri /teːɾi/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | muthanga /muθaŋɡa/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ |
| Jiwe | ĩthiga /eðiɡa/ | ihiga /iˈhiɣa/ | iiga /iːɡa/ | ivia /ivia/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Mlima | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩĩma /kiːma/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | muima /muima/ |
| Bahari | ĩria /eɾia/ | — | ĩria /eɾia/ | ũkanga /ukaŋɡa/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahari /bahari/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Mama | nyanya /ɲaɲa/ | maitũ /maito/ | mami /mami/ | mwaitũ /mwaitu/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | vava /βaβa/ | baba /baba/ | baaba /baːba/ | asa /asa/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ |
| Binti | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwĩĩtu /mwiːtu/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ |
| Mimi | nie /niɛ/ | niĩ /nie/ | ni /ni/ | nyie /ɲie/ | une /une/ | mine /mine/ | imi /imi/ |
| Wewe | we /wɛ/ | wee /wɛː/ | gwe /ɡwɛ/ | we /we/ | uwe /uwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | tue /tuɛ/ | ithuĩ /iðue/ | tuĩ /tue/ | ithye /iðje/ | sese /sese/ | uswi /uswi/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ |
| Jina | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | ĩsyĩtwa /isʲitwa/ | rina /ɾina/ | izina /izina/ | zina /zina/ |
| Mtu | mũndũ /mondo/ | mũndũ /mondo/ | muntũ /munto/ | mũndũ /mundu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ |
| Kichwa | kĩongo /keɔŋɡɔ/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ | mũtwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ |
| Jicho | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | riitho /riːðɔ/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | ĩtho /iθo/ | riho /riho/ | iiso /iːso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ |
| Sikio | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | gũtũ /ɣoto/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | kutu /kutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | isikio /isikio/ | shikio /ʃikio/ |
| Pua | ĩniũrũ /enioɾo/ | iniũrũ /inioɾo/ | nyiũrũ /ɲioɾo/ | inyũũ /iɲuː/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | fua /fua/ | mpua /mpua/ |
| Mdomo | kanyua /kaɲua/ | kanua /kaˈnua/ | kanyua /kaɲua/ | kanywa /kaɲwa/ | momo /momo/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ |
| Jino | ĩgego /eɡɛɡɔ/ | igego /iɣɛɣɔ/ | ĩĩgo /eːɡɔ/ | ĩyo /ĩjo/ | ino /ino/ | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Ulimi | rũrĩmĩ /roɾeme/ | rũrĩmĩ /ɾoɾeme/ | rũũme /ɾoːmɛ/ | ũĩmi /uimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Mkono | kĩvoko /keβɔkɔ/ | guoko /ɡuɔkɔ/ | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | kwʼoko /kwoko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ |
| Mguu | kũgũrũ /koɡoro/ | kũgũrũ /koɣoro/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoɾo/ | kũũ /kuː/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | mulundi /mulundi/ |
| Moyo | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | nkoro /ŋkɔɾɔ/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | umutima /umutima/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Mfupa | ĩvĩndĩ /evende/ | ihĩndĩ /ihende/ | mwĩndĩndĩ /mwendende/ | ĩvĩndĩ /ivindi/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | vuha /vuha/ |
| Damu | nthakame /nðakamɛ/ | thakame /ðakamɛ/ | tharike /ðaɾikɛ/ | nthakame /nðakame/ | sakami /sakami/ | sakame /sakame/ | mpome /mpome/ |
| Upendo | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wendo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumba /lumba/ | kukunda /kukunda/ |
| Mti | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ |
| Mbwa | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | kurũ /kuɾo/ | ngitĩ /ŋɡiti/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ |
| Paka | nyau /ɲau/ | nyaũ /ɲao/ | nyau /ɲau/ | mbaka /mbaka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ |
| Samaki | nthamaki /nðamaki/ | thamaki /ðamaki/ | gĩkũyũ /ɡekojo/ | ikoyo /ikojo/ | somba /somba/ | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Ndege | gĩconi /ɡetʃɔni/ | nyoni /ˈɲɔni/ | nyoni /ɲɔni/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | deghe /deɣe/ |
| Yai | ĩtumbĩ /etumbe/ | itumbĩ /itumbe/ | nkara /ŋkaɾa/ | itumbi /itumbi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ |
| Farasi | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbalasi /mbalasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | farasi /farasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ |
| Nyumba | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | nyũmba /ɲomba/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | ĩriia /eɾiːa/ | iria /iria/ | ĩria /eɾia/ | iia /iːa/ | maya /maja/ | mavee /maveː/ | mele /mele/ |
| Asali | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | nainchũ /naintʃo/ | ũkĩ /uki/ | ruke /ruke/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | woki /woki/ |
| Chumvi | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | chumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | mũnyũ /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | ndivei /ndiβei/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | mbinyu /mbiɲu/ | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| Chuma | cuma /tʃuma/ | kĩgera /keˈɣɛra/ | chuma /tʃuːma/ | kyũma /kjuma/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kiama /kiama/ |
| Gurudumu | nthugũ /nðuɡo/ | kĩgaragari /keɣaraɣari/ | — | ndĩa /ndia/ | — | — | — |
| Hariri | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ |
| Kitabu | ĩvuku /evuku/ | ibuku /iβuku/ | yuku /juku/ | ĩvuku /ivuku/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| Kula | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũya /kuja/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kurya /kurja/ | kuja /kuɟa/ |
| Kunywa | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | kũmama /komama/ | gũkoma /ɣoˈkɔma/ | kũmama /komama/ | koma /koma/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ |
| Moja | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | umwe /umwe/ | imwe /imwe/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ |
| Mbili | igĩrĩ /iɡeɾe/ | igĩrĩ /iɣeɾe/ | ijĩĩrĩ /idʒeːɾe/ | ilĩ /ili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | avili /aβili/ | mbili /mbili/ |
| Tatu | ithatũ /iðato/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | itatu /itatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | adatu /adatu/ | katatu /katatu/ |
| Nne | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inne /inːe/ | — | kane /kaːne/ |
| Tano | ithano /iðanɔ/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ | ithaano /iðaːnɔ/ | itano /itano/ | itano /itano/ | — | kashano /kaʃano/ |
| Mia | ĩgana /eɡana/ | igana /iɣana/ | ĩgana /eɡana/ | ĩana /iana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ |
| Habari | wĩ mwaro /we mwaɾɔ/ | wĩmwega /wemwɛɡa/ | muuga /muːɡa/ | mwĩaĩle /mwiaile/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | nĩ wega /ne wɛɡa/ | nĩ bwega /ne bwɛɡa/ | nĩ vinya /ni viɲa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | asante /asante/ |
| Nzuri | mwaro /mwaɾɔ/ | wega /wɛɡa/ | mwega /mwɛɡa/ | museo /museo/ | kihi /kihi/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | mtana /mtana/ |
| Mpya | gĩcerũ /ɡetʃɛɾo/ | kĩerũ /keɛro/ | kĩerũ /keɛɾo/ | mweũ /mweu/ | mpya /mpja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Nyekundu | ndune /ndunɛ/ | ũtune /otunɛ/ | ntuune /ntuːnɛ/ | ndune /nduneː/ | ntune /ntune/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ |
| Nyeupe | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | werũ /wɛro/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | nzaũ /nzau/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ |
| Nyeusi | mbirũ /mbiɾo/ | ũirũ /oiro/ | njirũ /ndʒiɾo/ | nziũ /nziu/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | size /size/ |
| Buluu | vururu /βuɾuɾu/ | bururu /bururu/ | — | mbuluu /mbuluː/ | — | — | — |
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