chiManyika
Kimanyika
Niger-Kongo
Kimanyika (chiManyika) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kundi la Kishona (Glottolog S13a), inayozungumzwa na watu wapatao milioni 2 katika Jimbo la Manicaland mashariki mwa Zimbabwe (karibu na Mutare/Old Umtali) na maeneo ya mpakani yaliyo jirani ya Jimbo la Manica, Msumbiji. Kihistoria iliainishwa kama lahaja ya Kishona chini ya ripoti ya muungano ya Doke ya mwaka 1931, lakini Kimanyika kinazidi kutambuliwa kama mwanachama tofauti wa kundi chenye msamiati wake, sifa za kifonolojia (mifumo ya toni mahususi ya Kimanyika na ulainishaji wa konsonanti) na utamaduni tajiri wa kifasihi. Miongoni mwa wazungumzaji maarufu wa Kimanyika ni Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe (aliyezaliwa Kutama, Wilaya ya Zvimba). Licha ya wazungumzaji wake milioni 2, Kimanyika kinakabiliwa na shinikizo la kuendelea kutoka kwa Kishona Sanifu katika elimu na vyombo vya habari; utamaduni wa kifasihi wa Kimanyika unahifadhiwa kupitia nyimbo za dini, historia simulizi (ngano) na ushairi wa kikanda.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimanyika
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo
| Maana | Kimanyika | Kishona | Kindau | Kisena | Kitumbuka | Kitonga cha Zambia | Kichewa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | zuba /zuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| Mwezi | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Nyota | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Usiku | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | vula /ˈvula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| Upepo | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | muwo /muwo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| Udongo | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /ivu/ | mataka /mataka/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| Jiwe | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| Mlima | gomo /ɡomo/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| Bahari | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| Mama | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | amama /amama/ | bama /bama/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| Binti | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| Mimi | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ |
| Wewe | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ | ife /ife/ |
| Jina | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Mtu | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Kichwa | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Jicho | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ | diso /diso/ |
| Sikio | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzee /nzee/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Pua | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | impemo /impemo/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| Mdomo | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| Jino | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Ulimi | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| Mkono | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | nkono /nkono/ | woko /woko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| Moyo | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| Mfupa | godo /ɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| Damu | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| Kinyesi | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | mavi /mavi/ | tubi /tubi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ |
| Upendo | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| Mti | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| Mbwa | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| Paka | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| Samaki | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | omba /omba/ | somba /somba/ | inswi /inswi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| Ndege | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| Yai | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | dzai /dzai/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | iji /idʒi/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| Farasi | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| Nyumba | mhatso /mhatso/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| Asali | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| Mvinyo | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| Mchele | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Chuma | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | utale /utale/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | butale /butale/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| Gurudumu | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | roda /roda/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| Hariri | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /sirika/ | sirika /siɾika/ | seda /seda/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | silika /silika/ |
| Kitabu | bhuku /buku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /buku/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Kula | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Kunywa | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Kulala | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | kuata /kuata/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | koona /koːna/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| Moja | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | potsi /potsi/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mwi /mwi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| Mbili | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | bili /bili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| Tatu | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| Nne | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | rongomuna /ɾoŋɡomuna/ | pinai /pinai/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | ne /ne/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| Tano | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | musanu /musanu/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| Mia | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Habari | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | mhoroi /mʰoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | moni /moni/ |
| Asante | mazviita /mazviita/ | maita /maita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | yewo /jewo/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| Nzuri | kunaka /kunaka/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| Mpya | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| Nyekundu | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | funga /funɡa/ | swesi /swesi/ | subila /subila/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| Nyeupe | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | cena /tʃena/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | salala /salala/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| Nyeusi | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | fipa /fipa/ | siya /sija/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ |
| 99 | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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