Kirimi
Kinyaturu
Niger-Kongo
Kinyaturu (Kirimi, kwa jina la asili Kinyaturu) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kundi la Bantu la Tanzania ya Kati (Glottolog F32), inayozungumzwa na takriban watu 570,000 katika Mkoa wa Singida wa katikati ya Tanzania, kuzunguka mji wa Singida (makao makuu ya mkoa na kitovu cha utamaduni wa Wanyaturu). Wanyaturu kwa kawaida ni wafugaji wa ng'ombe wasiokuwa na makazi ya kudumu na wakulima wa mtama na uwele wa uwanda wa juu wenye ukame kiasi wa katikati ya Tanzania, wakishiriki sifa za kundi F30 la Ziwa Eyasi/Singida na lugha dada Kilangi (lag, F33) na, kwa mbali zaidi, Kinyamwezi (nym, F22). Kiisimu, Kinyaturu kina sifa za kawaida za Kibantu cha Mashariki (ngeli za nomino 16 au zaidi, mofolojia changamano ya kitenzi yenye upatanisho wa mtenda-mtendwa-wakati-hali, mfumo wa rejista wa toni mbili), huku maelezo ya kifonolojia ya Olson ya mwaka 1964 chini ya SIL yakiwa nyaraka kuu za kisasa. Jamii imehamia kwa kiasi kikubwa kwenye Kiswahili katika elimu na mazingira ya mijini, lakini inahifadhi Kinyaturu kama lugha kuu ya nyumbani katika vijiji vya mashambani.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinyaturu
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo
| Maana | Kinyaturu | Kinyamwezi | Kichasu | Kisukuma | Kishambaa | Shimaore | Kinyarwanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | maji /madʒi/ | minzi /minzi/ | mende /mende/ | minzi /minzi/ | mazi /mazi/ | maji /maʒi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moro /moro/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Jua | yura /juɾa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | liimi /liːmi/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | jua /dʒua/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Mwezi | umweri /umweɾi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Nyota | njota /ndʒota/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | sonda /sonda/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | nyora /ɲora/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Usiku | utiku /utiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | usiku /usiku/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | kilo /kilo/ | uku /uku/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Mvua | mbura /mbura/ | mbula /mbula/ | mvua /mvua/ | mbula /mbula/ | fula /fula/ | vua /vua/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Theluji | seluji /seludʒi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | — | uv̄amba /uβamba/ | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| Upepo | mpefo /mpefo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | pev̄o /peβo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Udongo | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | trotro /tɾotɾo/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Jiwe | igwe /iɡwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ɓwe /ɓwe/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Mlima | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | muima /muima/ | mulima /mulima/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Bahari | irambo /iɾambo/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahari /bahari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahali /bahali/ | ɓahari /ɓahari/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Baba | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ | ɓaɓa /ɓaɓa/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| Binti | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | nshike /nʃike/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwana mutrumushe /mwana mutrumuʃe/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Mimi | une /une/ | nene /ˈnene/ | mine /mine/ | nene /nene/ | imi /imi/ | wami /wami/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| Wewe | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | bebe /bebe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wawe /wawe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| Sisi | sese /sese/ | iswe /iswe/ | uswi /uswi/ | yise /jise/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | wasi /wasi/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Jina | rina /ɾina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | izina /izina/ | lina /lina/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | izina /izina/ |
| Mtu | muntu /muntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mutru /mutɾu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Kichwa | itwe /itwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | shitswa /ʃitswa/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Jicho | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | iiso /iːso/ | liso /liso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | dzitso /dzitso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Sikio | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | itwi /itwi/ | isikio /isikio/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | kio /kio/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Pua | mpura /mpuɾa/ | nindo /nindo/ | fua /fua/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | mpua /mpua/ | pua /pua/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mdomo | momo /momo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | nomo /nomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | hanyo /haɲo/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| Jino | ino /ino/ | lino /lino/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Ulimi | urimi /urimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Mkono | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | kukono /kukono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | muhono /muhono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Mguu | mughuu /muɣuː/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | mundru /mundɾu/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Moyo | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | moyo /mojo/ | umo /umo/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Mfupa | ikufa /ikufa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | vuha /vuha/ | shiɓa /ʃiɓa/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| Damu | sakami /sakami/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakame /sakame/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | mpome /mpome/ | damu /damu/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Upendo | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumba /lumba/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | mahaba /mahaba/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Mti | umuti /umuti/ | muti /muti/ | mti /mti/ | nti /nti/ | mti /mti/ | muri /muri/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Mbwa | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mva /mva/ | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | nyabu /ɲabu/ | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| Samaki | somba /somba/ | somba /soːmba/ | samaki /samaki/ | ndilo /ndilo/ | samaki /samaki/ | fi /fi/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Ndege | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | noni /noni/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | noni /noni/ | deghe /deɣe/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Yai | ighe /iɣe/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | jwai /dʒwai/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Farasi | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | falasi /falasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | falasa /falasa/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | farasi /farasi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| Nyumba | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Maziwa | maya /maja/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | mavee /maveː/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | mele /mele/ | dziya /dzija/ | amata /amata/ |
| Asali | ruke /ruke/ | buuki /buːki/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | buuki /buːki/ | woki /woki/ | ngizi /ŋizi/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Chumvi | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munhu /munhu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | shingo /ʃiŋɡo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinya /mviɲa/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | maji ya zaɓiɓu /maʒi ja zaɓiɓu/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Chuma | ichuma /itʃuma/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | kiama /kiama/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Hariri | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | — | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | hariri /hariri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Kitabu | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | shio /ʃio/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Kula | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuja /kuɟa/ | ula /ula/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Kunywa | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | unwa /unwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kulala /kulala/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kulala /kulala/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | ulala /ulala/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Moja | umwe /umwe/ | imo /imo/ | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ | moja /moʒa/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Mbili | aviri /aβiri/ | ibili /iβili/ | avili /aβili/ | ibili /ibili/ | mbili /mbili/ | mbili /ᵐbili/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Tatu | itatu /itatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | adatu /adatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | katatu /katatu/ | traru /tɾaɾu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Nne | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ | — | ine /ine/ | kane /kaːne/ | nne /nːe/ | kane /kane/ |
| Tano | itano /itano/ | itaano /itaːno/ | — | itano /itano/ | kashano /kaʃano/ | tsano /tsano/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Mia | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | gana /ɡana/ | mia /mia/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Habari | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | — /—/ | Jeje /dʒedʒe/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| Asante | asante /aˈsante/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | asante /asante/ | marahaba /marahaːba/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Nzuri | kihi /kihi/ | soga /soɡa/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | awiza /awiza/ | mtana /mtana/ | ndjema /ndʒema/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| Mpya | mpya /mpja/ | pya /pja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | pia /pia/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| Nyekundu | ntune /ntune/ | laluku /laluku/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | ndzukundru /ndzukundɾu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| Nyeupe | njeru /ndʒeru/ | pe /pe/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | ape /ape/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | ndjeu /ndʒeu/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Nyeusi | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | pi /pi/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | api /api/ | size /size/ | ndziɗu /ndziɗu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 99 | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | — | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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