South African English
Kiingereza cha Afrika Kusini
Kijerumani
Kiingereza cha Afrika Kusini (wazungumzaji asilia takriban milioni 5, wazungumzaji wote takriban milioni 30) ni aina isiyo na uroti na mojawapo ya lugha rasmi 11 za Afrika Kusini. Hutambulishwa na mgawanyiko wa KIT ([ɪ] cha kati dhidi ya [i] cha mbele), irabu za TRAP na DRESS zilizoinuliwa, na irabu ndefu zilizo monofthongi sana, sambamba na maneno yaliyokopwa kutoka Kiafrikana na lugha za Kibantu.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Afrika Kusini
Vyanzo
- Bowerman, Sean 2004, "White South African English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 931–951; Lass, Roger 2002, "South African English", in Mesthrie (ed.), Language in South Africa, CUP (both via en.wikipedia "South African English phonology"); en.wiktionary accent label ZA
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kijerumani
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Afrika Kusini | Kiingereza cha Estuary | Kiingereza | Kiingereza cha Australia | Kiingereza cha West Country | Brummie | Kiingereza cha Wales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwoːɾə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /mʉːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /stɐː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Usiku | night /nɑɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑet/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹæɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snɐʉ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæɔntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɐðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɐːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdoːɾə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Mimi | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /jʉː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /neːm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑːe/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Pua | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʉz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæːʉθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Jino | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæːnd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɐːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bəʉn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Damu | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kinyesi | poo /pʉː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Upendo | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæːt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɐɾəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /beː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Farasi | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hoːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Nyumba | house /haʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hæːʉs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Chuma | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tʉː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Nne | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Tano | five /fɑɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | g'day /ɡəˈdæɪ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Asante | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θæːŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /njʉː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /wɑɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæːk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /blʉː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkʉː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədʉːdlˈdʉː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnɑɪnti ˈnɑɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʉpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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