Welsh English
Kiingereza cha Wales
Kijerumani
Kiingereza cha Wales (pia huitwa Kiingereza cha Anglo-Wales; msimbo wa mradi en_wls) kinajumuisha lafudhi na lahaja za Kiingereza zinazozungumzwa Wales, si aina moja ya kitaifa iliyo sawa kila mahali. Kinaonyesha karne za kuhama kutoka Kiwelisi kwenda Kiingereza na mwingiliano wa lugha hizo, pamoja na mwingiliano na lahaja jirani za Uingereza; athari ya Kiwelisi kwa kawaida ni kubwa zaidi katika maeneo ya kaskazini na magharibi yenye lugha mbili, huku Cardiff na maeneo ya mpakani yakiwa na mifumo yao. Sifa zinazopatikana kwa baadhi ya wazungumzaji ni /r/ ya kugonga au kutetemeka, irabu zisizosisitizwa zilizo kamili kiasi, kurefushwa kwa konsonanti baada ya mkazo na kiimbo maalumu, lakini utamkaji wa r na udondoshaji wa h hutofautiana sana kwa mahali na kundi la kijamii. Msamiati na sarufi za eneo pia zina maneno yaliyokopwa na tafsiri za moja kwa moja kutoka Kiwelisi, huku maandishi rasmi yakifuata desturi za Kiingereza cha Uingereza. Kiingereza hutumiwa sana katika maisha ya umma pamoja na Kiwelisi, ambacho kina hadhi rasmi ya kisheria Wales na hakiwezi kutendewa kwa upendeleo mdogo kuliko Kiingereza.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Wales
Vyanzo
- Penhallurick, Robert 2004, "Welsh English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 98–112 (via en.wikipedia "Welsh English"); Wells, J. C. 1982, Accents of English vol. 2, CUP, §5.2; en.wiktionary English entries, accent label "Wales/Welsh"
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kijerumani
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Wales | Kiingereza | Kiingereza cha Manchester | Kiingereza cha West Country | Geordie | Kiingereza cha Yorkshire | Kiingereza cha Ghana |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Usiku | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɾeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Mimi | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /iːə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ia/ |
| Pua | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːs/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊt/ |
| Jino | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hænd/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /boːn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ |
| Damu | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kinyesi | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ |
| Upendo | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæt/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /bɛː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| Farasi | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Nyumba | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | — |
| Chuma | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ |
| Nne | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Tano | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| Asante | thanks /θaŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /taŋks/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /nɪʊ/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɾɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɾiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /blɪʊ/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ |
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