Ghanaian English
Kiingereza cha Ghana
Kijerumani
Kiingereza cha Ghana (kwa kawaida chenye lebo en-GH) ni aina ya Kiingereza iliyokita katika taasisi, inayotumiwa kama lugha rasmi ya Ghana na lugha ya mawasiliano ya taifa katika jamii yenye lugha nyingi sana. Ni muhimu serikalini, katika sheria, elimu na vyombo vya habari vya kitaifa na kwa kawaida hujifunzwa pamoja na lugha moja au zaidi za Ghana kama Kiakan, Kiewe, Kiga au Kidagbani. Kihistoria kilikua kutoka Kiingereza cha Uingereza, lakini kina sifa thabiti za kieneo katika matamshi, msamiati, sarufi na mazungumzo. Kiingereza cha Ghana cha wasomi kwa kawaida hakitamki r baada ya irabu, hakina r ya kuunganisha wala ya kuingizwa, na mara nyingi hutofautiana na Received Pronunciation ya Uingereza katika urefu wa irabu na baadhi ya upambanuzi wa konsonanti; matokeo hutegemea lugha ya kwanza ya mzungumzaji. Hakipaswi kuchanganywa na Pijini ya Kiingereza cha Ghana, pijini tofauti yenye msamiati wa Kiingereza, sarufi na usambazaji wake wa kijamii.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Ghana
Vyanzo
- Huber, Magnus 2004, Ghanaian English: phonology, in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 842–865
- en.wikipedia: Ghanaian English
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kijerumani
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Ghana | Kiingereza cha Kenya | Kiingereza cha Nigeria | Kiingereza cha Malesia | Kiingereza | Kiingereza cha Jamaika | Kiingereza cha Wales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɵn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Usiku | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɵðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Mimi | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /iːa/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Pua | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | — | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Jino | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɵŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Damu | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɵd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kinyesi | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Upendo | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɵv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beːɹ/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Farasi | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Nyumba | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hɵʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɵni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chuma | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɵn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /tɹi/ | three /θɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Nne | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Tano | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Asante | thanks /taŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /taŋk juː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /komˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
Ukurasa 1/11
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