Kimashami
familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Kichaga)
Kimashami (Machame) ndio kubwa zaidi kati ya lugha za Kibantu za Wachaga zilizo katika miteremko ya kusini ya Mlima Kilimanjaro kaskazini mwa Tanzania. Wachaga ni maarufu kama mojawapo ya makundi ya wenyeji yenye mafanikio makubwa ya kiuchumi Afrika Mashariki, wakiwa wameendeleza mfumo wa kisasa wa kilimo-misitu wa "bustani ya nyumbani" (kihamba) juu ya udongo wa volkano wenye rutuba wa Kilimanjaro. Ni lugha ya toni yenye mfumo tata wa ngeli za nomino; Machame na lahaja zinazohusiana kwa karibu za Vunjo, Rombo na Kibosho huunda mfululizo unaoenea kwenye genge la Kilimanjaro.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimashami
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Kichaga)
| Maana | Kimashami | Kirwa | Kichasu | Kinyamwezi | Kisukuma | Kinyaturu | Kishambaa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mura /muɾa/ | mura /muɾa/ | mende /mende/ | minzi /minzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | mazi /mazi/ |
| Moto | muro /muɾo/ | muro /muɾo/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | mwi /mwi/ | saa /saː/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | liimi /liːmi/ | yura /juɾa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ |
| Mwezi | mwiiri /mwiːɾi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ |
| Nyota | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | sonda /sonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ |
| Usiku | kio /kio/ | kio /kio/ | usiku /usiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | utiku /utiku/ | kilo /kilo/ |
| Mvua | mbuo /mbuo/ | fua /fua/ | mvua /mvua/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbura /mbura/ | fula /fula/ |
| Theluji | kyaamwi /kjaːmwi/ | mboṛongo /mboɾoŋɡo/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | — |
| Upepo | uraato /uɾaːto/ | mburaato /mbuɾaːto/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ |
| Udongo | uteri /uteɾi/ | uteri /uteɾi/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ |
| Jiwe | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Mlima | ifumbu /ifumbu/ | uro /uɾo/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | muima /muima/ |
| Bahari | yeeve /jeːve/ | nruva /nɾuva/ | bahari /bahari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | tate /tate/ |
| Binti | mwana wa kyika /mwana wa kjika/ | mwana wa kika /mwana wa kika/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | nshike /nʃike/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ |
| Mimi | yeny /jeɲ/ | inyi /iɲi/ | mine /mine/ | nene /ˈnene/ | nene /nene/ | une /une/ | imi /imi/ |
| Wewe | yewe /jewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | bebe /bebe/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | yese /jese/ | ise /ise/ | uswi /uswi/ | iswe /iswe/ | yise /jise/ | sese /sese/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ |
| Jina | irina /irina/ | irina /irina/ | izina /izina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | lina /lina/ | rina /ɾina/ | zina /zina/ |
| Mtu | nndu /ndu/ | nndu /ndu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mntu /mntu/ |
| Kichwa | nrwe /nɾwe/ | nrwe /nɾwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ |
| Jicho | iriso /iɾiso/ | iriso /iɾiso/ | iiso /iːso/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ | zisho /ziʃo/ |
| Sikio | kuri /kuɾi/ | kuri /kuɾi/ | isikio /isikio/ | itwi /itwi/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | shikio /ʃikio/ |
| Pua | mmboo /mːboː/ | — | fua /fua/ | nindo /nindo/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | mpua /mpua/ |
| Mdomo | kana /kana/ | kana /kana/ | momo /momo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomo /nomo/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ |
| Jino | iyoo /ijoː/ | iyoo /ijoː/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Ulimi | ulumi /ulumi/ | ulumi /ulumi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Mkono | woko /woko/ | uko /uko/ | mkono /mkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | mkono /mkono/ |
| Mguu | urende /uɾende/ | urende /uɾende/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | mulundi /mulundi/ |
| Moyo | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Mfupa | ifua /ifua/ | ifua /ifua/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | vuha /vuha/ |
| Damu | samu /samu/ | usao /usao/ | sakame /sakame/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | sakami /sakami/ | mpome /mpome/ |
| Kinyesi | maafi /maːfi/ | — | — | maafi /maːfi/ | maashi /maːʃi/ | — | mavi /mavi/ |
| Upendo | ìkwenda /ikwenda/ | ikunda /ikunda/ | lumba /lumba/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kukunda /kukunda/ |
| Mti | nri /nɾi/ | nri /nɾi/ | mti /mti/ | muti /muti/ | nti /nti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ |
| Mbwa | ikite /ikite/ | mboha /mboha/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mva /mva/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ |
| Paka | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | nyabu /ɲabu/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ |
| Samaki | kunga /kuŋɡa/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /soːmba/ | ndilo /ndilo/ | somba /somba/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Ndege | ndeye /ndeje/ | ndee /ndeː/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | noni /noni/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | deghe /deɣe/ |
| Yai | ipore /ipoɾe/ | ngosho /ŋɡoʃo/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | tagi /taɡi/ |
| Farasi | frasi /fɾasi/ | farasi /faɾasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | falasa /falasa/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | faashi /faːʃi/ |
| Nyumba | mmba /mːba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | malela /malela/ | maruva /maɾuva/ | mavee /maveː/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | maya /maja/ | mele /mele/ |
| Asali | ukyi /ukji/ | uki /uki/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | buuki /buːki/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ | woki /woki/ |
| Chumvi | shumbi /ʃumbi/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munhu /munhu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinya /mviɲa/ | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| Chuma | minya /miɲa/ | minya /miɲa/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | kiama /kiama/ |
| Gurudumu | kireto /kiɾeto/ | — | — | — | idandali /idandali/ | — | — |
| Kitabu | kyitabu /kjitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| Kula | ìlya /iʎa/ | ilya /ilja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kuja /kuɟa/ |
| Kunywa | ìnyo /iɲo/ | inwa /inwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | ìlala /ilala/ | — | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kulala /kulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ |
| Moja | ìmwí /imwi/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ |
| Mbili | fiwii /fiwiː/ | fivili /fivili/ | avili /aβili/ | ibili /iβili/ | ibili /ibili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | mbili /mbili/ |
| Tatu | fihahu /fihahu/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ | adatu /adatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | itatu /itatu/ | katatu /katatu/ |
| Nne | fiina /fiina/ | fiini /fiːni/ | — | inne /inːe/ | ine /ine/ | inne /inːe/ | kane /kaːne/ |
| Tano | fihanu /fihanu/ | firaanu /fiɾaːnu/ | — | itaano /itaːno/ | itano /itano/ | itano /itano/ | kashano /kaʃano/ |
| Mia | iyana /ijana/ | iyana /ijana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ |
| Habari | máshàlòmà /maʃaloma/ | kira /kiɾa/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | ahsànte /ahsante/ | asante /asante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | asante /aˈsante/ | asante /asante/ |
| Nzuri | ìchá /itʃa/ | kya /kja/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | soga /soɡa/ | awiza /awiza/ | kihi /kihi/ | mtana /mtana/ |
| Mpya | shiiya /ʃiːja/ | shiiya /ʃiːja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | pya /pja/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Nyekundu | idodorye /idodoɾje/ | itondoṛie /itondoɾie/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | ntune /ntune/ | nkundu /nkundu/ |
| Nyeupe | shaa /ʃaː/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | pe /pe/ | ape /ape/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ |
| Nyeusi | shuu /ʃuː/ | shuu /ʃuː/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | pi /pi/ | api /api/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | size /size/ |
| 99 | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ |
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