Chilunda
Kilunda
Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Benue-Congo, Kibantu, Guthrie zone L.52)
Kilunda, au Chilunda, ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kanda L.52 ya Guthrie inayozungumzwa katika eneo la mpakani ambapo Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Magharibi wa Zambia hukutana na Angola na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Wasemaji wake ni Walunda-Ndembu, ambao maisha yao ya kiibada yalipata umaarufu katika anthropolojia kupitia utafiti wa uwandani wa Victor Turner katika miaka ya 1950. Ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kawaida yenye mfumo kamili wa ngeli za nomino — kawa 'mbwa' wingi tuwa, mutondu 'mti' wingi nyitondu, katumbwa 'nyota' wingi tutumbwa — na tahajia yake ni ya pekee miongoni mwa lugha za Zambia kwa kutumia herufi ŋ (Nzambi 'Mungu', kukeŋa 'kupenda', itaŋwa 'jua'). Kilunda kina Biblia kamili (1962, iliyorekebishwa 2004) na hutumika shuleni na katika redio, lakini kamusi za matumizi ya kila siku ni chache: hakuna kamusi kubwa ya Kilunda inayopatikana bure mtandaoni, hivyo sehemu kubwa ya msamiati wa kisasa haijaandikwa katika vyanzo vya umma. Urithishaji bado ni imara katika wilaya za vijijini za Mwinilunga na Zambezi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kilunda
chocolate
wayifayi
Vyanzo
- Lunda-Ndembu Bible, Mukanda Wajila Wanzambi (2004), bible.com version 3305 (LNB04), and Mukanda waNzambi (1962), bible.com 3090 (water meji is the 1962 spelling, menji in 2004); English Wiktionary Lunda (meji "water"); ASJP LUNDA / LUNDA_1 / LUNDA_2 (confirmation). Standard dictionary not online: Fisher, M.K. (1985) Lunda-Ndembu Dictionary, Lusaka; White, C.M.N. (1957) A Lunda-English Vocabulary
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Benue-Congo, Kibantu, Guthrie zone L.52)
| Maana | Kilunda | Kiluvale | Kiluba-Kasai | Kimbundu | Kikaonde | Kibemba | Kichewa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | meji /medʒi/ | meya /meja/ | mâyi /maːji/ | menha /meɲa/ | mema /mema/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| Moto | kesi /kesi/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | kapia /kapia/ | tubia /tubja/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | itaŋwa /itaŋwa/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | dîba /diːba/ | dikumbi /dikumbi/ | juba /dʒuba/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| Mwezi | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | ngondo /ŋɡondo/ | mbeji /mbeʒi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Nyota | katumbwa /katumbwa/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | mutoto /mutoto/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Usiku | wufuku /wufuku/ | ufuku /ufuku/ | butuku /butuku/ | usuku /usuku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | nvula /nvula/ | vula /vula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| Theluji | — /—/ | mbundu /mbundu/ | neje /neʒe/ | neve /neve/ | sino /sino/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ |
| Upepo | mpepela /mpepela/ | peho /peho/ | tshipepele /tʃipepele/ | kitembu /kitembu/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | umwela /umwela/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| Udongo | iseki /iseki/ | mavu /mavu/ | buloba /buloba/ | mavu /mavu/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| Jiwe | ilola /ilola/ | lilolwa /lilolwa/ | dibue /diˈbwe/ | ditadi /ditadi/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| Mlima | mpidi /mpidi/ | pili /pili/ | mukuna /mukuna/ | mulundu /mulundu/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| Bahari | kaluŋalwiji /kaluŋalwidʒi/ | kalungalwiji /kaluŋɡalwidʒi/ | mbuwu /mbuwu/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | bemba /bemba/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mâmu /maːmu/ | mama /mama/ | bamama /bamama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| Baba | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tâtu /taːtu/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| Binti | mwana wamumbanda /mwana wamumbanda/ | mwana wapwevo /mwana wapwevo/ | muana wa bakaji /muana wa bakaʒi/ | mona a muhatu /mona a muhatu/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| Mimi | ami /ami/ | ami /ami/ | meme /meme/ | eme /eme/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ |
| Wewe | eyi /eji/ | ove /ove/ | wewe /wewe/ | eie /eje/ | obewa /obewa/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | etu /etu/ | etu /etu/ | tuetu /tuetu/ | etu /etu/ | atweba /atweba/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | ife /ife/ |
| Jina | ijina /idʒina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | dîna /diːna/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Mtu | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Kichwa | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutue /mutue/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Jicho | disu /disu/ | liso /liso/ | dîsu /diːsu/ | disu /disu/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | diso /diso/ |
| Sikio | itu /itu/ | litwitwi /litwitwi/ | ditshu /ditʃu/ | ditui /ditui/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Pua | izulu /izulu/ | lizulu /lizulu/ | diulu /diulu/ | dizulu /dizulu/ | moona /moːna/ | umona /umona/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| Mdomo | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mukana /mukana/ | dikanu /dikanu/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| Jino | iji /idʒi/ | lizo /lizo/ | dinu /dinu/ | dizu /dizu/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | ilino /ilino/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Ulimi | idimi /idimi/ | limi /limi/ | ludimi /ludimi/ | dimi /dimi/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| Mkono | chikasa /tʃikasa/ | livoko /livoko/ | tshianza /tʃianza/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| Mguu | mwendu /mwendu/ | lihinji /lihindʒi/ | dikasa /dikasa/ | kinama /kinama/ | kuulu /kuːlu/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ |
| Moyo | muchima /mutʃima/ | mutima /mutima/ | mutshima /mutʃima/ | muxima /muʃima/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| Mfupa | ifwaha /ifwaha/ | lifuwa /lifuwa/ | mufuba /mufuba/ | kifuba /kifuba/ | kupa /kupa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| Damu | mashi /maʃi/ | manyinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | manhinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| Upendo | kukeŋa /kukeŋa/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | dinanga /dinaŋɡa/ | henda /henda/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| Mti | mutondu /mutondu/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | mutshi /mutʃi/ | muxi /muʃi/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| Mbwa | kawa /kawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | katako /katako/ | nyao /ɲao/ | kasalu /kasalu/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | pushi /puʃi/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| Samaki | inshi /inʃi/ | shi /ʃi/ | mushipa /muʃipa/ | mbiji /mbiʒi/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | isabi /isabi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| Ndege | kada /kada/ | kajila /kadʒila/ | nyunyu /ɲuɲu/ | njila /ndʒila/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| Kipepeo | ipupwila /ipupwila/ | kauyauya /kaujauja/ | tshibiyibiyi /tʃibijibiji/ | kimbiambia /kimbjambja/ | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ |
| Yai | iteta /iteta/ | liulu /liulu/ | diyi /diji/ | diiaki /dijaki/ | jike /dʒike/ | ilini /ilini/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| Dubu | bera /bera/ | ulusu /ulusu/ | — | ulusu /ulusu/ | mbeyala /mbejala/ | bea /bea/ | — |
| Farasi | kawalu /kawalu/ | kavalu /kavalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | mbili /mbili/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| Nyumba | itala /itala/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | nzubu /nzubu/ | inzo /inzo/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | mayeli /majeli/ | mavele /mavele/ | mabele /mabele/ | lete /lete/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| Asali | wuchi /wutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buitshi /buitʃi/ | uiki /wiki/ | buki /buki/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | muŋwa /muŋwa/ | mungwa /muŋɡwa/ | luepu /luepu/ | mungua /muŋɡwa/ | mukele /mukele/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| Mvinyo | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | binyu /biɲu/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| Mchele | losu /losu/ | loso /loso/ | losa /losa/ | loso /loso/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | — | shokola | — | — | chokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ |
| Chuma | chikuŋu /tʃikuŋu/ | fwelu /fwelu/ | tshiamu /tʃiamu/ | felu /felu/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| Gurudumu | kafumbu /kafumbu/ | lifumbo /lifumbo/ | lukata /lukata/ | dilola /dilola/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| Kitabu | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | divulu /divulu/ | buku /buku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Kula | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kudia /kudia/ | kudya /kudja/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Kunywa | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunua /kunua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Kulala | kukama /kukama/ | kusavala /kusavala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kuzeka /kuzeka/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| Moja | wumu /wumu/ | mwe /mwe/ | umue /umue/ | moxi /moʃi/ | umo /umo/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| Mbili | ayedi /ajedi/ | vali /vali/ | ibidi /ibidi/ | iadi /jaːdi/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | fibili /fibili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| Tatu | satu /satu/ | tatu /tatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | basatu /basatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| Nne | wana /wana/ | wana /wana/ | inai /inai/ | uana /wana/ | bana /bana/ | fine /fine/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| Tano | tanu /tanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | itanu /itanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| Mia | nkulakaji /nkulakadʒi/ | likulukaji /likulukadʒi/ | lukama /lukama/ | hama /hama/ | kitota /kitota/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | mwane /mwane/ | moyo /mojo/ | nga ku menekena /ŋɡa ku menekena/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | moni /moni/ |
| Asante | nasakilili /nasakilili/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | tuasakidila /tuasakidila/ | nga ku sakidila /ŋɡa ku sakidila/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | natotela /natotela/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| Nzuri | chachiwahi /tʃatʃiwahi/ | mwaza /mwaza/ | impe /impe/ | kiambote /kiambote/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| Mpya | chachiha /tʃatʃiha/ | chihya /tʃihja/ | mupia /mupia/ | kiobe /kjobe/ | kipya /kipja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| Nyekundu | chinana /tʃinana/ | chikuhwa /tʃikuhwa/ | kunze /kunze/ | kusuka /kusuka/ | chila /tʃila/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| Nyeupe | chitooka /tʃitoːka/ | chitoma /tʃitoma/ | toke /toke/ | kuzela /kuzela/ | toka /toka/ | buuta /buːta/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| Buluu | wuzeeli /wuzeːli/ | — | fikuluke /fikuluke/ | mulombe /mulombe/ | — | — | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ |
| Kompyuta | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | ordinatere /ordinatere/ | komputadolo /komputadolo/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Wi-Fi | wayifayi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chai | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /tiji/ | tshiayi /tʃiaji/ | xá /ʃa/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ |
| Kahawa | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kafe /kafe/ | kafé /kaˈfe/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| Sukari | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | nsukadi /nsukadi/ | sukidi /suˈkidi/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 99 | makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana /makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana/ | makumi atanu naawana navatanu navawana /makumi atanu naːwana navatanu navawana/ | makumi tshitema ne tshitema /makumi tʃitema ne tʃitema/ | makuinhi ivua ni ivua /makwiɲi ivwa ni ivwa/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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