Lubukusu
Kibukusu
Niger-Kongo
Kibukusu (Lubukusu) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kundi la Kiluhya (Glottolog JE31c), inayozungumzwa na takriban watu 750,000 hadi milioni 1.4 katika kaunti za Bungoma na Trans-Nzoia magharibi mwa Kenya. Jamii ya Wabukusu ndiyo kubwa zaidi kati ya makundi madogo ya Kiluhya yapatayo 17, wakijitofautisha kupitia tambiko za tohara (sikhebo), mila za kivita, na ngano za Mlima Elgon zinazoshirikiwa na lugha dada ya Kimasaaba (myx) ng'ambo ya mpaka wa Uganda. Kiisimu, Kibukusu kinahifadhi sifa za asili za Kibantu (ngeli za nomino 15–18, mofolojia changamano ya vitenzi yenye wakati-hali-namna, mfumo wa rejista wa toni mbili), huku Mutonyi (2000) akitoa maelezo kamili zaidi ya kiisimu ya kisasa. Biblia ilitafsiriwa kwa Kibukusu katika miaka ya 1960, na kuna uchapishaji hai wa kijamii wa hadithi za kale na methali.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kibukusu
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo
| Maana | Kibukusu | Kimasaaba | Kiluhya | Kisoga | Kinyankole | Kichiga | Kirundi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | kameechi /kameːtʃi/ | kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/ | amatsi /amatsi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Moto | kumulilo /kumulilo/ | kamulilo /kamulilo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Jua | enyanga /eɲaŋɡa/ | suuba /suːba/ | liuba /liuba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Mwezi | kumwesi /kumwesi/ | umweesi /umweːsi/ | omwesi /omwesi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Nyota | eng'enieesi /eŋeɲeːsi/ | kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/ | engʼiningʼini /eŋiniŋini/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Usiku | siilo /siːlo/ | busilo /busilo/ | eshilo /eʃilo/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Mvua | efula /efula/ | ifula /ifula/ | efula /eˈfula/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Theluji | ebarafu /ebarafu/ | — | itsaluchi /itsalutʃi/ | — | — | — | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| Upepo | embeo /embeo/ | imbewo /imbewo/ | omuyeka /omujeka/ | empewo /empewo/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Udongo | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Jiwe | libaale /liβaːle/ | libaale /libaːle/ | lichina /litʃina/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Mlima | sikulu /sikulu/ | lukiingi /lukiːŋɡi/ | eshikulu /eʃikulu/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Bahari | enyanja /eɲandʒa/ | inyaantsa /iɲaːntsa/ | inyanza /iɲanza/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲaːndʒa/ |
| Mama | maayi /maːji/ | mayi /maji/ | mayi /maji/ | maama /maːma/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Baba | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | lata /lata/ | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ | data /data/ |
| Binti | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | umukhaana /umuxaːna/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Mimi | ese /ese/ | ise /ise/ | ese /ese/ | nze /nze/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | jewe /ʒewe/ |
| Wewe | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wewe /wewe/ |
| Sisi | efwe /efwe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Jina | lisina /lisina/ | lisiina /lisiːna/ | elira /elira/ | eriina /eriːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | izina /izina/ |
| Mtu | omundu /omundu/ | umundu /umundu/ | omundu /omundu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Kichwa | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | omurwe /omurwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Jicho | emoni /emoni/ | liiso /liːso/ | liiso /liːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Sikio | liiru /liːru/ | khukhuru /kʰukʰuru/ | eshirwi /eʃirwi/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Pua | lyolu /ljolu/ | lilyoolu /liʎoːlu/ | amolu /amolu/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mdomo | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | umunwa /umunwa/ |
| Jino | liino /liːno/ | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | erino /erino/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Ulimi | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Mkono | kumukhono /kumuxono/ | kumukhono /kumukʰono/ | omukhono /omukʰono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Mguu | sikele /sikele/ | shikyele /ʃikjele/ | eshilenje /eʃilendʒe/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Moyo | kumwoyo /kumwojo/ | umwoyo /umwojo/ | omwoyo /omwojo/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Mfupa | sikuumba /sikuːmba/ | kumba /kumba/ | eshikumba /eʃikumba/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ |
| Damu | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | amasayi /amasaji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Upendo | khusiima /xusiːma/ | khusima /kʰusima/ | obuyanzi /obujanzi/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Mti | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | omusala /omusala/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Mbwa | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | enyawu /eɲawu/ | paka /paka/ | lipusi /lipusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ | akayabu /akajabu/ |
| Samaki | eng'eeni /eŋeːni/ | enyeni /eɲeni/ | inyeni /iɲeni/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Ndege | enyuni /eɲuni/ | khanywinywi /kʰaɲwiɲwi/ | linyonyi /liɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Yai | liiki /liːki/ | liiki /liːki/ | liki /liki/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Farasi | efarasi /efarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaraʃi/ |
| Nyumba | enju /endʒu/ | nzu /nzu/ | enzu /enzu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Maziwa | kamabeele /kamaβeːle/ | kamabeele /kamabeːle/ | amabeere /amabeːre/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ |
| Asali | buukhi /buːxi/ | bubuukhi /bubuːkʰi/ | obushi /obuʃi/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Chumvi | kumuunyu /kumuːɲu/ | kyumbi /kjumbi/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | endali /endali/ | iviini /iviːni/ | idivai /idivai/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | umuvinyu /umuviɲu/ |
| Chuma | sichuuma /sitʃuːma/ | sikyuma /sikjuma/ | eshibia /eʃibia/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | icuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Gurudumu | engara /eŋɡara/ | kumukuwu /kumukuwu/ | omukurutumu /omukurutumu/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | ipine /ipine/ |
| Kitabu | sitabu /sitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | eshitabu /eʃitabu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Kula | khulya /xulja/ | khulya /kʰuʎa/ | khulia /kʰulia/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Kunywa | khunywa /xuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | khukona /xukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Moja | ndala /ndala/ | mulala /mulala/ | ndala /ndala/ | ndala /ndala/ | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Mbili | babili /βaβili/ | babili /βaβili/ | tsibili /tsibili/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Tatu | bataru /βataru/ | bisatu /bisatu/ | tsitaru /tsitaru/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Nne | bane /βane/ | tsine /tsine/ | tsine /tsine/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | kane /kane/ |
| Tano | baraano /βaraːno/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Mia | miya /mija/ | sitondo /sitondo/ | emia /emia/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Habari | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ | amahoro /amahoɾo/ |
| Asante | orio /orio/ | ole nise /ole nise/ | orio /orio/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Nzuri | kalayi /kalaji/ | kalayi /kalaji/ | malayi /malaji/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | nziza /nziza/ |
| Mpya | embia /embia/ | imbya /imbja/ | eshiyia /eʃijia/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | nshasha /nʃaʃa/ |
| Nyekundu | besemu /βesemu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | gutukura /ɡutukura/ |
| Nyeupe | waanga /waːŋɡa/ | iwanga /iwaŋɡa/ | eshilafu /eʃilafu/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Nyeusi | mali /mali/ | imali /imali/ | eshimali /eʃimali/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 99 | kamakhumi tisa na tisa /kamaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kamakhumi syeenda na syeenda /kamakʰumi sjeːnda na sjeːnda/ | amakhumi tisa na tisa /amaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | mirongo icenda nʼicenda /miɾoŋɡo itʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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