Numu
Kipaiute cha Kaskazini
Kiuto-Azteki (Kinumik, magharibi)
Kipaiute cha Kaskazini (Numu "watu") ni lugha ya Kinumiki cha Magharibi ya Bonde Kuu (Great Basin), inayozungumzwa kutoka mashariki mwa Oregon kupitia Nevada hadi California na Idaho. Ina upatanifu wa irabu, kuondoa sauti katika sifa za mwisho, na mfumo tata wa mabadiliko ya konsonanti za mwisho wa shina (gradation) yanayochochewa na nomino au kiambishi awali kinachotangulia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kipaiute cha Kaskazini
Vyanzo
- Snapp, Allen, John Anderson & Joy Anderson (1982) Northern Paiute. In: Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar 3, SIL/UTA, pp. 1-92.
- Thornes, Tim (2003) A Northern Paiute Grammar with Texts. PhD diss., University of Oregon.
- Yerington Paiute Tribe (1987) Numu Yadooape: Northern Paiute Language Dictionary.
- Glottolog: Northern Paiute
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki (Kinumik, magharibi)
| Maana | Kipaiute cha Kaskazini | Kikomanche | Proto-Uto-Azteki | Hopi | Kiwixarika | Kicora | Kitarahumara |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | paa /paː/ | paa /paː/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | paahu /paːhɨ/ | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | bawí /bawi/ |
| Moto | kosso /kosːo/ | kuuna /kuːna/ | *na- /na/ | qööhi /qøːhi/ | tai /tai/ | taʼai /taʔai/ | nahí /nahi/ |
| Jua | taba /tapa/ | taabe /taːbe/ | *ta /ta/ | taawa /tɑːwɑ/ | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | rayó /ɾajo/ |
| Mwezi | muha /mɨha/ | mʉa /mɨa/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | muuyaw /muːjɑw/ | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | mecá /metʃa/ |
| Nyota | pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ | tatsinuupi /tatsinuːpi/ | — /—/ | soohu /soːhɨ/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ | sopolí /sopoli/ |
| Usiku | tukano /tukano/ | tukaani /tukaːni/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tookila /toːkila/ | tikari /tikari/ | tika /tika/ | rokó /roko/ |
| Mvua | paumaba /paumapa/ | ʉmaarʉ /ɨmaːɾɨ/ | *yuku /juku/ | yooyangw /joːjaŋʷ/ | wiyeri /wijeri/ | biite /biːte/ | ukuí /ukui/ |
| Theluji | nɨbabi /nɨpapi/ | tahkabi /tahkabi/ | — | nuva /nɨva/ | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | seeri /seːɾi/ | kiparí /kipaɾi/ |
| Upepo | hɨkwaba /hɨkʷapa/ | nʉepi /nɨepi/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | hùukyangw /hùːkjaŋʷ/ | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | eeca /eːka/ | eká /eka/ |
| Udongo | tiipü /tiːpɨ/ | sokobi /sokobi/ | — | tutskwa /ˈtɨtskʷa/ | kwie /kʷie/ | chuej /tʃweh/ | weʼé /weʔe/ |
| Jiwe | tɨppi /tɨpːi/ | tʉpi /tɨpi/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | owa /ˈʔowa/ | tete /tete/ | teté /teˈte/ | rité /ɾite/ |
| Mlima | kaipa /kaipa/ | — | *yohawi /johawi/ | tuukwi /tɨːkʷi/ | yemuri /jemuri/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ | rabó /ɾabo/ |
| Mama | pia /pia/ | pia /pia/ | — /—/ | yuʼat /juʔɑt/ | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | iyé /ije/ |
| Baba | naa /naː/ | ahpʉ /ahpɨ/ | *owa /owa/ | naʼat /nɑʔɑt/ | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | onó /ono/ |
| Mimi | nʉʉ /nɨː/ | nʉ /nɨ/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nuʼ /nɨʔ/ | nee /neː/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ | nejé /nehe/ |
| Wewe | ʉʉ /ɨː/ | ʉnʉ /ɨnɨ/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | um /ʔɨm/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ | mujé /muhe/ |
| Sisi | tami / nʉmi /tami / nɨmi/ | tanʉ / nʉnʉ /tanɨ / nɨnɨ/ | — /—/ | itam /ʔitam/ | tame /ˈtame/ | ta /ta/ | tamujé /tamuhe/ |
| Jina | nia /niʔa/ | nahnia /nahnia/ | *tewa /tewa/ | tungwni /tɨŋʷni/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ | riwá /ɾiwa/ |
| Mtu | nɨmɨ /nɨmɨ/ | nʉmʉ /ˈnɨmɨ/ | *takaC /takaC/ | sino /sino/ | tewi /tewi/ | tebi /tebi/ | pagótami /paɡotami/ |
| Kichwa | kwo /kʷo/ | paapi /paːpi/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | qötö /qøtø/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | moʼó /moʔo/ |
| Jicho | pui /pui/ | puui /puːi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | poosi /poːsi/ | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | pusí /pusi/ |
| Sikio | naka /naka/ | naki /naki/ | *naka /naka/ | naqvu /naqvɨ/ | naka /naka/ | naxai /naʃai/ | naká /naka/ |
| Pua | mupi /muβi/ | — | *yaka /jaka/ | yaqa /jaqa/ | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ | aká /aka/ |
| Mdomo | tɨppa /tɨpːa/ | tʉpe /tɨpe/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | moʼa /moʔa/ | téni /teni/ | teni /teni/ | riní /ɾini/ |
| Jino | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | *tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tame /tame/ | tame /tame/ | ramé /rame/ |
| Ulimi | eho /exo/ | eeko /eːko/ | *nene /nene/ | lengi /leŋi/ | neni /neni/ | nanu /nanu/ | chamerawa /tʃamerawa/ |
| Mkono | mai /mai/ | moʼo /moʔo/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | maaʼt /mɑːʔt/ | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | sekuá /sekwa/ |
| Mguu | kuku /kuku/ | naape /naːpe/ | *tala /tala/ | kukʼat /kukʔat/ | keta /keta/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ | ronó /ɾono/ |
| Moyo | piwi /piwi/ | pihi /pihi/ | *sula /sula/ | unangwa /ʔunaŋʷa/ | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | surí /suɾi/ |
| Mfupa | oho /oho/ | tsuhnipʉ /tsuhnipɨ/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | öqa /ʔøqa/ | ume /ume/ | ɨka /ɨka/ | ochí /otʃi/ |
| Damu | puupe /pɨːpːi/ | — /—/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | ungwa /ʔuŋʷa/ | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ | wichirá /witʃiɾa/ |
| Upendo | suabetɨ /suapetɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ | nakí /naki/ |
| Mti | hupi /hupi/ | huupi /huːpi/ | *kut /kut/ | hotski /hotski/ | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | gokó /ɡoko/ |
| Mbwa | saduʼu /satɨʔɨ/ | sarii /saɾiː/ | *woci /woci/ | pòoko /pòːko/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | kochí /kotʃi/ |
| Paka | mosa /mosa/ | waʔoo /waʔoː/ | — /—/ | moosa /moːsa/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | misí /misi/ |
| Samaki | pakwi /pakʷi/ | pekwi /pekʷi/ | *paki /paki/ | pakiw /pakiw/ | kesi /kesi/ | sasa /sasa/ | rochi /rotʃi/ |
| Ndege | hucipa /hutsipa/ | huutsuu /huːtsuː/ | — | tsiro /tsiro/ | wiki /wiki/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ | chulugí /tʃuluɡi/ |
| Yai | noho /noho/ | noyo /nojo/ | — | nöhu /nøhɨ/ | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | taʼu /taʔu/ | kaʼwá /kaʔwa/ |
| Dubu | padooa /pʰaɾua/ | — | — | hoonawu /hoːnawɨ/ | hutse /hutse/ | juutzeʼe /huːtseʔe/ | — |
| Farasi | puku /puku/ | puuku /puːku/ | — | kawayo /kawajo/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ | kawé /kawe/ |
| Nyumba | nobi /nopi/ | kahni /kahni/ | *ki /ki/ | kiihu /kiːhɨ/ | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | kalí /kali/ |
| Asali | nodda pehabe /noda pehape/ | — | — | momospala /momospala/ | xiete /ʃiete/ | sarate /saɾate/ | amoo /amoo/ |
| Chumvi | ongabe /oŋabe/ | — | *ona /ona/ | öönga /ʔøːŋa/ | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | unáj /unah/ | koná /kona/ |
| Kula | tɨka /tɨka/ | tʉhkarʉ /tɨhkaɾɨ/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | nöösa /nøːsa/ | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | koʼa /koʔa/ |
| Kunywa | hibi /hipi/ | hibi /hibi/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hiiko /hiːko/ | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ | bahí /bahi/ |
| Kulala | ɨwi /ɨwi/ | ʉʉpʉi /ɨːpɨi/ | *koci /koci/ | puuwi /pɨːwi/ | kutsu /kutsu/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ | kochí /kotʃi/ |
| Moja | simɨ /simɨ/ | sʉmʉ /sɨmɨ/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | suukyaʼ /suːkjɑʔ/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | bilé /bile/ |
| Mbili | waha /waha/ | waha /waha/ | *wo /wo/ | lööyöʼ /løːjøʔ/ | huta /huˈta/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ | okuá /okwa/ |
| Tatu | pahe /pahe/ | pahiitʉ /pahiːtɨ/ | *pahi /pahi/ | paayom /paːjom/ | haika /haika/ | waika /waika/ | bakiá /bakia/ |
| Nne | wasugwe /wasuɡwe/ | — | *na-wakay /nawakaj/ | naalöyöm /naːløjøm/ | nauka /nauka/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ | naó /nao/ |
| Tano | manigiʼyu /maniɡiʔju/ | moʼobetʉ /moʔoˈbetɨ/ | *cipo /cipo/ | tsivot /tsivot/ | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ | marí /maˈɾi/ |
| Habari | maikwa /maikwa/ | marʉawe /maɾɨawe/ | — /—/ | tàlawva /tàːlawva/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | kuira /kuiɾa/ |
| Asante | pesa /pesa/ | ʉra /ɨɾa/ | — /—/ | askwali /ʔaskʷali/ | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | matéterabá /mateteɾaba/ |
| Nzuri | pesa /pesa/ | tsaatʉ /tsaːtɨ/ | — /—/ | hopii /hopiː/ | waxa /waʃa/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ | galá /ɡala/ |
| Mpya | pɨdɨ /pɨtɨ/ | ʉkʉ /ɨkɨ/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | puuhu /pɨːhɨ/ | hekwa /hekʷa/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ | bukulíwami /bukuliwami/ |
| Nyekundu | atsa /atʰsa/ | ekapi /ekapi/ | — /—/ | paalangpu /paːlaŋpɨ/ | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | sabí /saˈbi/ | sitákame /siˈtakame/ |
| Nyeupe | toha /toha/ | tosaʼ /tosaʔ/ | *tosa /tosa/ | qöötsa /qøːtsa/ | tuxame /tuʃame/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ | rosá /rosa/ |
| Nyeusi | tuhu /tuhu/ | — | *tuku /tuku/ | qömvi /qømvi/ | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ | chókami /tʃokami/ |
| Kijani | puhi /puhi/ | — | — | sakwa /sakʷa/ | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ | siyóname /siˈjoname/ |
| Buluu | puhi /puhi/ | — | — | sakwa /sakʷa/ | yuawime /juawime/ | — | siyóname /siˈjoname/ |
| Kekeo | poboyoohaʼa /poboˈjoːhaʔa/ | — /—/ | — | hospoa /hosˈpoa/ | — | — | — |
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