Hopílavayi
Hopi
Kiuto-Azteki
Kihopi (Hopílavayi; ISO 639-3: hop) ni lugha ya familia ya Kiuto-Azteki inayozungumzwa na takribani watu 5,000–7,100 katika vijiji vilivyo juu na kandokando ya mesa tatu za Hifadhi ya Wahopi kaskazini-mashariki mwa Arizona, Marekani. Kina aina kadhaa za vijijini zinazohusishwa na Mesa ya Kwanza, ya Pili na ya Tatu; aina ya Mesa ya Tatu imeandikwa kwa kina hasa katika kamusi ya Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni yenye vidahizo 30,000. Kwa kawaida kitenzi huwekwa mwishoni mwa kishazi, na mfumo tajiri wa viambishi tamati huonyesha hali ya tendo, idadi, mwelekeo na kategoria nyingine za kisarufi. Alfabeti yake ya matumizi yenye msingi wa Kilatini hutofautisha vokali ndefu na fupi na kuandika kizuiwa koo kwa alama ya apostrofi. Urithishaji kati ya vizazi umedhoofika, lakini shule, madarasa ya jamii, kamusi na nyenzo za kufundishia zinazotayarishwa nchini zinaunga mkono matumizi endelevu na uhuishaji wa lugha.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Hopi
kaphe
Vyanzo
- Hopi Dictionary Project (1998), Hopi Dictionary / Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni: A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect, University of Arizona Press (via en.wiktionary Hopi lemmas citing it); Albert, Roy & David Leedom Shaul (1985), A Concise Hopi and English Lexicon, John Benjamins
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki
| Maana | Hopi | Proto-Uto-Azteki | Kikomanche | Kipaiute cha Kaskazini | Kinahuatl cha Istmo | Kinahuatl cha Kale | Kicora |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | paahu /paːhɨ/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | paa /paː/ | paa /paː/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ |
| Moto | qööhi /qøːhi/ | *na- /na/ | kuuna /kuːna/ | kosso /kosːo/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | taʼai /taʔai/ |
| Jua | taawa /tɑːwɑ/ | *ta /ta/ | taabe /taːbe/ | taba /tapa/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ |
| Mwezi | muuyaw /muːjɑw/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | mʉa /mɨa/ | muha /mɨha/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ |
| Nyota | soohu /soːhɨ/ | — /—/ | tatsinuupi /tatsinuːpi/ | pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ |
| Usiku | tookila /toːkila/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tukaani /tukaːni/ | tukano /tukano/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tika /tika/ |
| Mvua | yooyangw /joːjaŋʷ/ | *yuku /juku/ | ʉmaarʉ /ɨmaːɾɨ/ | paumaba /paumapa/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | biite /biːte/ |
| Theluji | nuva /nɨva/ | — | tahkabi /tahkabi/ | nɨbabi /nɨpapi/ | — | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | seeri /seːɾi/ |
| Upepo | hùukyangw /hùːkjaŋʷ/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | nʉepi /nɨepi/ | hɨkwaba /hɨkʷapa/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | eeca /eːka/ |
| Udongo | tutskwa /ˈtɨtskʷa/ | — | sokobi /sokobi/ | tiipü /tiːpɨ/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | chuej /tʃweh/ |
| Jiwe | owa /ˈʔowa/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | tʉpi /tɨpi/ | tɨppi /tɨpːi/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | teté /teˈte/ |
| Mlima | tuukwi /tɨːkʷi/ | *yohawi /johawi/ | — | kaipa /kaipa/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ |
| Bahari | paatuwaqatsi /paːtɨwaqatsi/ | *mɨma /mɨma/ | — | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | muájete /mwaˈhete/ |
| Mama | yuʼat /juʔɑt/ | — /—/ | pia /pia/ | pia /pia/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | naana /naːna/ |
| Baba | naʼat /nɑʔɑt/ | *owa /owa/ | ahpʉ /ahpɨ/ | naa /naː/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | hahuá /hahwa/ |
| Mimi | nuʼ /nɨʔ/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nʉ /nɨ/ | nʉʉ /nɨː/ | nej /neh/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ |
| Wewe | um /ʔɨm/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | ʉnʉ /ɨnɨ/ | ʉʉ /ɨː/ | tej /teh/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ |
| Sisi | itam /ʔitam/ | — /—/ | tanʉ / nʉnʉ /tanɨ / nɨnɨ/ | tami / nʉmi /tami / nɨmi/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | ta /ta/ |
| Jina | tungwni /tɨŋʷni/ | *tewa /tewa/ | nahnia /nahnia/ | nia /niʔa/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ |
| Mtu | sino /sino/ | *takaC /takaC/ | nʉmʉ /ˈnɨmɨ/ | nɨmɨ /nɨmɨ/ | — | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | tebi /tebi/ |
| Kichwa | qötö /qøtø/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | paapi /paːpi/ | kwo /kʷo/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ |
| Jicho | poosi /poːsi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | puui /puːi/ | pui /pui/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | húi /hwi/ |
| Sikio | naqvu /naqvɨ/ | *naka /naka/ | naki /naki/ | naka /naka/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | naxai /naʃai/ |
| Pua | yaqa /jaqa/ | *yaka /jaka/ | — | mupi /muβi/ | yacti /jakti/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ |
| Mdomo | moʼa /moʔa/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | tʉpe /tɨpe/ | tɨppa /tɨpːa/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | teni /teni/ |
| Jino | tama /tama/ | *tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tanti /tanti/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tame /tame/ |
| Ulimi | lengi /leŋi/ | *nene /nene/ | eeko /eːko/ | eho /exo/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nanu /nanu/ |
| Mkono | maaʼt /mɑːʔt/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | moʼo /moʔo/ | mai /mai/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mam /mam/ |
| Mguu | kukʼat /kukʔat/ | *tala /tala/ | naape /naːpe/ | kuku /kuku/ | icxi /ikʃi/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ |
| Moyo | unangwa /ʔunaŋʷa/ | *sula /sula/ | pihi /pihi/ | piwi /piwi/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ |
| Mfupa | öqa /ʔøqa/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | tsuhnipʉ /tsuhnipɨ/ | oho /oho/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | ɨka /ɨka/ |
| Damu | ungwa /ʔuŋʷa/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | — /—/ | puupe /pɨːpːi/ | esti /esti/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | suabetɨ /suapetɨ/ | quinequi /kineki/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ |
| Mti | hotski /hotski/ | *kut /kut/ | huupi /huːpi/ | hupi /hupi/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kɨré /kɨre/ |
| Mbwa | pòoko /pòːko/ | *woci /woci/ | sarii /saɾiː/ | saduʼu /satɨʔɨ/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ |
| Paka | moosa /moːsa/ | — /—/ | waʔoo /waʔoː/ | mosa /mosa/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistú /mistu/ |
| Samaki | pakiw /pakiw/ | *paki /paki/ | pekwi /pekʷi/ | pakwi /pakʷi/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ | michin /mitʃin/ | sasa /sasa/ |
| Ndege | tsiro /tsiro/ | — | huutsuu /huːtsuː/ | hucipa /hutsipa/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ |
| Yai | nöhu /nøhɨ/ | — | noyo /nojo/ | noho /noho/ | itecsis /iteksis/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | taʼu /taʔu/ |
| Dubu | hoonawu /hoːnawɨ/ | — | — | padooa /pʰaɾua/ | oso /oso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | juutzeʼe /huːtseʔe/ |
| Farasi | kawayo /kawajo/ | — | puuku /puːku/ | puku /puku/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ |
| Nyumba | kiihu /kiːhɨ/ | *ki /ki/ | kahni /kahni/ | nobi /nopi/ | cajli /kahli/ | calli /kalːi/ | kíh /kih/ |
| Maziwa | piihu /piːhɨ/ | — | — | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | léechi /ˈleːtʃi/ |
| Asali | momospala /momospala/ | — | — | nodda pehabe /noda pehape/ | necti /nekti/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | sarate /saɾate/ |
| Chumvi | öönga /ʔøːŋa/ | *ona /ona/ | — | ongabe /oŋabe/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | unáj /unah/ |
| Mvinyo | ovavala /ʔovavala/ | — | — | — | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | viinu /ˈbiːnu/ |
| Mchele | aamori /aːmori/ | — | — | — | arro̱j /aroːh/ | — | — |
| Gurudumu | ngöla /ŋøla/ | — | — | — | — | temalacatl /temalakatɬ/ | — |
| Kitabu | tutuveni /tɨtɨveni/ | — | — | — | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | liibru /ˈliːbɾu/ |
| Kula | nöösa /nøːsa/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | tʉhkarʉ /tɨhkaɾɨ/ | tɨka /tɨka/ | tacua /takʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | kuá /kwa/ |
| Kunywa | hiiko /hiːko/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hibi /hibi/ | hibi /hipi/ | a̱ti /aːti/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ |
| Kulala | puuwi /pɨːwi/ | *koci /koci/ | ʉʉpʉi /ɨːpɨi/ | ɨwi /ɨwi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ |
| Moja | suukyaʼ /suːkjɑʔ/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | sʉmʉ /sɨmɨ/ | simɨ /simɨ/ | se̱ /seː/ | cē /seː/ | cei /tsei/ |
| Mbili | lööyöʼ /løːjøʔ/ | *wo /wo/ | waha /waha/ | waha /waha/ | o̱me /oːme/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ |
| Tatu | paayom /paːjom/ | *pahi /pahi/ | pahiitʉ /pahiːtɨ/ | pahe /pahe/ | e̱yi /eːji/ | yei /jeːi/ | waika /waika/ |
| Nne | naalöyöm /naːløjøm/ | *na-wakay /nawakaj/ | — | wasugwe /wasuɡwe/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ |
| Tano | tsivot /tsivot/ | *cipo /cipo/ | moʼobetʉ /moʔoˈbetɨ/ | manigiʼyu /maniɡiʔju/ | cinco /sinko/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ |
| Habari | tàlawva /tàːlawva/ | — /—/ | marʉawe /maɾɨawe/ | maikwa /maikwa/ | — /—/ | niltze /niltse/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ |
| Asante | askwali /ʔaskʷali/ | — /—/ | ʉra /ɨɾa/ | pesa /pesa/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ |
| Nzuri | hopii /hopiː/ | — /—/ | tsaatʉ /tsaːtɨ/ | pesa /pesa/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ |
| Mpya | puuhu /pɨːhɨ/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | ʉkʉ /ɨkɨ/ | pɨdɨ /pɨtɨ/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ |
| Nyekundu | paalangpu /paːlaŋpɨ/ | — /—/ | ekapi /ekapi/ | atsa /atʰsa/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | sabí /saˈbi/ |
| Nyeupe | qöötsa /qøːtsa/ | *tosa /tosa/ | tosaʼ /tosaʔ/ | toha /toha/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ |
| Nyeusi | qömvi /qømvi/ | *tuku /tuku/ | — | tuhu /tuhu/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ |
| Kijani | sakwa /sakʷa/ | — | — | puhi /puhi/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ |
| Buluu | sakwa /sakʷa/ | — | — | puhi /puhi/ | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ | texotli /teʃohtɬi/ | — |
| Kekeo | hospoa /hosˈpoa/ | — | — /—/ | poboyoohaʼa /poboˈjoːhaʔa/ | — | metlapīltetzotzontzin /metɬapiːltetsotsoˈtsontsin/ | — |
| Chai | nàapi /nàːpi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | kaphe | — | — | — | capej /kapeh/ | — | — |
| Chungwa | olentsi /ʔolentsi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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