nʉmʉnʉʉ
Kikomanche
Kiuto-Azteki
Kikomanchi (kwa Kikomanchi: Nʉmʉ Tekwapʉ; ISO 639-3: com) ni lugha ya Kinumik cha Kati katika familia ya Kiyuto-Azteki na lugha ya mababu ya Taifa la Comanche, ambalo sasa lina makao kusini-magharibi mwa Oklahoma. Kihistoria kilikua kutoka Kishoshoni na bado kina uhusiano wa karibu nacho, lakini ni lugha tofauti yenye mabadiliko yake ya sauti, msamiati na utambulisho wa jamii. Kikomanchi kina irabu fupi na ndefu, ikiwemo irabu ya kati inayoandikwa ʉ, na mofolojia kubwa ya viambishi tamati inayounda maneno changamano, hasa vitenzi. Alfabeti ya kisasa ya Kikomanchi yenye msingi wa Kilatini, iliyopitishwa rasmi na Taifa hilo mwaka 1994, huonyesha urefu wa irabu na sauti zisizopatikana katika Kiingereza. Kwa kuwa utafiti wa hivi karibuni ulioshirikisha jamii uliripoti wazungumzaji stadi wa lugha ya kwanza chini ya hamsini, lugha iko hatarini sana; Idara ya Lugha ya Taifa la Comanche huunga mkono urejeshaji wake kupitia kozi, nyenzo za kufundishia, rekodi na huduma za tafsiri.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kikomanche
Vyanzo
- Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee orthography as in en.wiktionary Comanche lemmas; Comanche National Museum and Cultural Center, Comanche Language Dictionary
- cross-checked against Miller (1984) Uto-Aztecan wordlist (lexibank utoaztecan)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki
| Maana | Kikomanche | Kipaiute cha Kaskazini | Proto-Uto-Azteki | Hopi | Kinahuatl cha Kale | Kinahuatl cha Istmo | Kimiyako |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | paa /paː/ | paa /paː/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | paahu /paːhɨ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ | 水 /midzɨ/ |
| Moto | kuuna /kuːna/ | kosso /kosːo/ | *na- /na/ | qööhi /qøːhi/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ | 火 /pɨː/ |
| Jua | taabe /taːbe/ | taba /tapa/ | *ta /ta/ | taawa /tɑːwɑ/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ | てぃだ /tida/ |
| Mwezi | mʉa /mɨa/ | muha /mɨha/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | muuyaw /muːjɑw/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ | 月 /tsɨkɨ/ |
| Nyota | tatsinuupi /tatsinuːpi/ | pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ | — /—/ | soohu /soːhɨ/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ | ぷすぃ /pusɿ/ |
| Usiku | tukaani /tukaːni/ | tukano /tukano/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tookila /toːkila/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ | 夜 /juɨ/ |
| Mvua | ʉmaarʉ /ɨmaːɾɨ/ | paumaba /paumapa/ | *yuku /juku/ | yooyangw /joːjaŋʷ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ | 雨 /ami/ |
| Theluji | tahkabi /tahkabi/ | nɨbabi /nɨpapi/ | — | nuva /nɨva/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Upepo | nʉepi /nɨepi/ | hɨkwaba /hɨkʷapa/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | hùukyangw /hùːkjaŋʷ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ | 風 /kadʑi/ |
| Udongo | sokobi /sokobi/ | tiipü /tiːpɨ/ | — | tutskwa /ˈtɨtskʷa/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ | むた /mta/ |
| Jiwe | tʉpi /tɨpi/ | tɨppi /tɨpːi/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | owa /ˈʔowa/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ | 石 /isɿ/ |
| Mama | pia /pia/ | pia /pia/ | — /—/ | yuʼat /juʔɑt/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ | あんな /anna/ |
| Baba | ahpʉ /ahpɨ/ | naa /naː/ | *owa /owa/ | naʼat /nɑʔɑt/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ | 父 /ɨdza/ |
| Mimi | nʉ /nɨ/ | nʉʉ /nɨː/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nuʼ /nɨʔ/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | nej /neh/ | ばん /baɴ/ |
| Wewe | ʉnʉ /ɨnɨ/ | ʉʉ /ɨː/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | um /ʔɨm/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | tej /teh/ | っゔぁ /v̩va/ |
| Sisi | tanʉ / nʉnʉ /tanɨ / nɨnɨ/ | tami / nʉmi /tami / nɨmi/ | — /—/ | itam /ʔitam/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ | ばんた /banta/ |
| Jina | nahnia /nahnia/ | nia /niʔa/ | *tewa /tewa/ | tungwni /tɨŋʷni/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ | なー /naː/ |
| Mtu | nʉmʉ /ˈnɨmɨ/ | nɨmɨ /nɨmɨ/ | *takaC /takaC/ | sino /sino/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | — | 人 /psɨtu/ |
| Kichwa | paapi /paːpi/ | kwo /kʷo/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | qötö /qøtø/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ | かなまイ /kanamaɨ/ |
| Jicho | puui /puːi/ | pui /pui/ | *pusi /pusi/ | poosi /poːsi/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ | 目 /miː/ |
| Sikio | naki /naki/ | naka /naka/ | *naka /naka/ | naqvu /naqvɨ/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | 耳 /mim/ |
| Mdomo | tʉpe /tɨpe/ | tɨppa /tɨpːa/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | moʼa /moʔa/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ | 口 /futsɨ/ |
| Jino | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | *tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tanti /tanti/ | ぱー /paː/ |
| Ulimi | eeko /eːko/ | eho /exo/ | *nene /nene/ | lengi /leŋi/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ | すだ /sɨda/ |
| Mkono | moʼo /moʔo/ | mai /mai/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | maaʼt /mɑːʔt/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ | 手 /tiː/ |
| Mguu | naape /naːpe/ | kuku /kuku/ | *tala /tala/ | kukʼat /kukʔat/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxi /ikʃi/ | ぱぎ /paɡɨ/ |
| Moyo | pihi /pihi/ | piwi /piwi/ | *sula /sula/ | unangwa /ʔunaŋʷa/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ | 肝 /kɨmu/ |
| Mfupa | tsuhnipʉ /tsuhnipɨ/ | oho /oho/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | öqa /ʔøqa/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ | 骨 /puni/ |
| Damu | — /—/ | puupe /pɨːpːi/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | ungwa /ʔuŋʷa/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | あかつ /akatsɨ/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | suabetɨ /suapetɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | quinequi /kineki/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | huupi /huːpi/ | hupi /hupi/ | *kut /kut/ | hotski /hotski/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ | 木 /kiː/ |
| Mbwa | sarii /saɾiː/ | saduʼu /satɨʔɨ/ | *woci /woci/ | pòoko /pòːko/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ | 犬 /iɴ/ |
| Paka | waʔoo /waʔoː/ | mosa /mosa/ | — /—/ | moosa /moːsa/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ | 猫 /maju/ |
| Samaki | pekwi /pekʷi/ | pakwi /pakʷi/ | *paki /paki/ | pakiw /pakiw/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ | いず /ɨdzu/ |
| Ndege | huutsuu /huːtsuː/ | hucipa /hutsipa/ | — | tsiro /tsiro/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ | 鳥 /tuɨ/ |
| Kipepeo | ueyahkorooʼ /uejahkoɾo/ | — | — | — | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ | ぱびﾙ /pabiɿ/ |
| Yai | noyo /nojo/ | noho /noho/ | — | nöhu /nøhɨ/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | itecsis /iteksis/ | とぅなか /tunaka/ |
| Farasi | puuku /puːku/ | puku /puku/ | — | kawayo /kawajo/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ | ぬーま /nuːma/ |
| Nyumba | kahni /kahni/ | nobi /nopi/ | *ki /ki/ | kiihu /kiːhɨ/ | calli /kalːi/ | cajli /kahli/ | 家 /jaː/ |
| Kula | tʉhkarʉ /tɨhkaɾɨ/ | tɨka /tɨka/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | nöösa /nøːsa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tacua /takʷa/ | 食ー /foː/ |
| Kunywa | hibi /hibi/ | hibi /hipi/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hiiko /hiːko/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | a̱ti /aːti/ | 飲み /num/ |
| Kulala | ʉʉpʉi /ɨːpɨi/ | ɨwi /ɨwi/ | *koci /koci/ | puuwi /pɨːwi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | — |
| Moja | sʉmʉ /sɨmɨ/ | simɨ /simɨ/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | suukyaʼ /suːkjɑʔ/ | cē /seː/ | se̱ /seː/ | 一つ /psɨtiːtsɨ/ |
| Mbili | waha /waha/ | waha /waha/ | *wo /wo/ | lööyöʼ /løːjøʔ/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | o̱me /oːme/ | ふたーつ /ftaːtsɿ/ |
| Tatu | pahiitʉ /pahiːtɨ/ | pahe /pahe/ | *pahi /pahi/ | paayom /paːjom/ | yei /jeːi/ | e̱yi /eːji/ | みーつ /mɨːtsɨ/ |
| Tano | moʼobetʉ /moʔoˈbetɨ/ | manigiʼyu /maniɡiʔju/ | *cipo /cipo/ | tsivot /tsivot/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | cinco /sinko/ | 五つ /itsɨtsɨ/ |
| Habari | marʉawe /maɾɨawe/ | maikwa /maikwa/ | — /—/ | tàlawva /tàːlawva/ | niltze /niltse/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | ʉra /ɨɾa/ | pesa /pesa/ | — /—/ | askwali /ʔaskʷali/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ | たんでぃがーたんでぃ /tandiɡaːtandi/ |
| Nzuri | tsaatʉ /tsaːtɨ/ | pesa /pesa/ | — /—/ | hopii /hopiː/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ | — /—/ |
| Mpya | ʉkʉ /ɨkɨ/ | pɨdɨ /pɨtɨ/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | puuhu /pɨːhɨ/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ | みㇲ゙ /miz̩/ |
| Nyekundu | ekapi /ekapi/ | atsa /atʰsa/ | — /—/ | paalangpu /paːlaŋpɨ/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ | あか /aka/ |
| Nyeupe | tosaʼ /tosaʔ/ | toha /toha/ | *tosa /tosa/ | qöötsa /qøːtsa/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ | — |
| Kekeo | — /—/ | poboyoohaʼa /poboˈjoːhaʔa/ | — | hospoa /hosˈpoa/ | metlapīltetzotzontzin /metɬapiːltetsotsoˈtsontsin/ | — | — |
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