Achuar Chicham
Achuar
Jivaroan
Achuar (Achuar Chicham, "Achuar speech"; also Achuar-Shiwiar) is a Jivaroan language spoken in the Marañón–Pastaza ecotone of the Peru-Ecuador border. The Achuar people are the third-largest Jivaroan group, after the Aguaruna (agr) and Shuar (jiv), and have historically been seasonally interconnected with the Shuar and Shiwiar through trade, marriage alliances, and warfare. Achuar achieved international attention through the Achuar Resistance against oil-company encroachment in the 2000s-2010s, with the Achuar Federation (FINAE/NAE) leading territorial sovereignty advocacy. Linguistically, Achuar shares Jivaroan family features with Aguaruna and Shuar: nasal vowels, focus markers, and an exhaustive ethnobiological lexicon for the Amazon ecosystem.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Achuar
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Jivaroan
| Meaning | Achuar | Shuar | Aguaruna | Aymara | Jaqaru | Shipibo-Conibo | San Mateo del Mar Huave |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | yumi /jumi/ | yumi /jumi/ | yumi /jumi/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | yow /jow/ |
| Fire | ji /hi/ | ji /hi/ | jii /hiː/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | chii /tʃiː/ | biümb /biɨmb/ |
| Sun | etsa /etsa/ | etsa /etsa/ | etsá /ɨtsá/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | bari /bari/ | nüt /nɨt/ |
| Moon | nantu /nantu/ | nantu /nantu/ | nántu /nántu/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | kaaw /kaːw/ |
| Star | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaya /jaja/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | okas /okas/ |
| Night | kashi /kaʃi/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | yame /jamɨ/ | ngwiats /ŋʷiats/ |
| Wind | nase /nase/ | nase /nase/ | dase /dasɨ/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | iünd /iɨnd/ |
| Earth | nungka /nuŋka/ | nunka /nuŋka/ | nugka /nuɡka/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | mai /mai/ | iüt /iɨt/ |
| Stone | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | makan /makan/ | piedra /pʲedɾa/ |
| Mountain | mura /muɾa/ | náint /naint/ | nain /nain/ | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | manan /manan/ | tiük /tiɨk/ |
| Sea | juun entsa /huːn entsa/ | nayaants /najaants/ | nayants /najants/ | lamara /lamara/ | — | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | ndek /ndek/ |
| Mother | nukur /nukuɾ/ | nukur /nukuɾ/ | dukú /dukú/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | tita /tita/ | müm /mɨm/ |
| Father | apar /apaɾ/ | apar /apaɾ/ | apá /apá/ | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | papa /papa/ | teat /teat/ |
| Daughter | nawantur /nawantuɾ/ | nawantur /nawantuɾ/ | nawan /nawan/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | — |
| I | wi /wi/ | wi /wi/ | wi /wi/ | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | ea /ea/ | xike /ʃike/ |
| You | ame /ame/ | ame /ame/ | amé /amé/ | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | mia /mia/ | ike /ike/ |
| We | ii /iː/ | ii /iː/ | ii /iː/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | noa /noa/ | ikootsa / xikona /ikoːtsa / ʃikona/ |
| Name | naari /naːɾi/ | naari /naːɾi/ | daaji /daːhi/ | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | jane /hanɨ/ | minüt /minɨt/ |
| Person | aints /aints/ | aents /aents/ | aents /aɨnts/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | joni /honi/ | nipilan /nipilan/ |
| Head | muuk /muːk/ | muuk /muːk/ | buuk /buːk/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | mapo /mapo/ | omal /omal/ |
| Eye | jii /hiː/ | jii /hiː/ | jíi /híː/ | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | oniiüg /oniːɨɡ/ |
| Ear | kuwish /kuwiʃ/ | kuish /kwiʃ/ | kuwish /kuwiʃ/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | olaag /olaːɡ/ |
| Nose | nuji /nuhi/ | nuji /nuhi/ | nuji /nuhi/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | oxing /oʃiŋ/ |
| Mouth | wene /wene/ | wene /wene/ | wenu /wɨnu/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | kexa /kɨʂa/ | ombeay /ombeaj/ |
| Tooth | nai /nai/ | nai /nai/ | dai /dai/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | laik /laik/ |
| Tongue | inai /inai/ | inai /inai/ | inai /inai/ | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | jana /hana/ | niw /niw/ |
| Hand | uwej /uweh/ | uwej /uweh/ | uwéj /uwéh/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | owix /owiʃ/ |
| Foot | nawe /nawe/ | nawe /nawe/ | dawe /dawɨ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | tae /taɨ/ | oleaj /oleah/ |
| Heart | enentai /enentai/ | enentai /enentai/ | anéntai /anɨ́ntai/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | omeaats /omeaːts/ |
| Bone | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | xao /ʂao/ | olats /olats/ |
| Blood | numpa /numpã/ | numpa /numpã/ | numpa /numpa/ | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | jimi /himi/ | kieh /kʲeh/ |
| Poop | ija /iha/ | íjia /ˈihia/ | ija /iha/ | jama /xama/ | — | poi /poi/ | iid /iːd/ |
| Love | anentin /anentin/ | anentaiti /anentaiti/ | wakejut /wakɨhut/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | noi /noi/ | amongoch /amoŋotʃ/ |
| Tree | numi /numi/ | numi /numi/ | númi /númi/ | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | xiül /ʃiɨl/ |
| Dog | yawa /jawa/ | yawá /jaˈwa/ | yawá /jawá/ | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | pet /pet/ |
| Cat | micha /mitʃa/ | míchik /ˈmitʃik/ | bishu /biʃu/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | mishito /miʃito/ | mixt /miʃt/ |
| Fish | namak /namak/ | namak /namak/ | namak /namak/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | yapa /japa/ | kiet /kʲet/ |
| Bird | chingki /tʃiŋki/ | chinki /tʃiŋki/ | pishak /piʃak/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | isa /isa/ | kiek /kʲek/ |
| Butterfly | shimpiampu /ʃimpiampu/ | wámpishuk /ˈwampiʃuk/ | wámpishuk /wámpiʃuk/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | miük /miɨk/ |
| Egg | nujin /nuhin/ | nujint /nuhint/ | nujín /nuˈhin/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | bachi /batʃi/ | omb kit /omb kit/ |
| Bear | chayu /tʃaju/ | chai /tʃai/ | chayú /tʃajú/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | kawai /kawai/ | kawai /kawai/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | — | kabayo /kabajo/ | kawüy /kawɨj/ |
| House | jea /hea/ | jea /hea/ | jega /hɨɡa/ | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | nden /nden/ |
| Milk | muntsu /muntsu/ | muntsu /muntsu/ | muntsu /muntsu/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | xoma /ʂoma/ | — |
| Honey | wapasa yumiri /wapasa jumiɾi/ | chinij /tʃinih/ | dapa yumiji /dapa jumihi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | kün /kɨn/ |
| Salt | wee /weː/ | wee /weː/ | wee /wɨː/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | tashi /taʃi/ | kiniük /kiniɨk/ |
| Wine | vino /ˈbino/ | winiu /winiu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /vino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ | vin /bin/ |
| Rice | arrus /aɾus/ | arús /aˈɾus/ | ajus /ahus/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | — | aros /aɾos/ | — |
| Iron | jiru /hiɾu/ | jiru /hiru/ | jiju /hihu/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | yami /jami/ | manchiük /mantʃiɨk/ |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | séta /ˈseta/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | — | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Book | papi /papi/ | papí /paˈpi/ | papi /papi/ | panka /panka/ | — | kirika /kiɾika/ | nawiig /nawiːɡ/ |
| Eat | yuata /juata/ | yuata /juata/ | yuwámu /juwámu/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | piti /piti/ | atsaj /atsah/ |
| Drink | umarta /umaɾta/ | umarta /umaɾta/ | umut /umut/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | anganeow /aŋaneow/ |
| Sleep | kanarta /kanaɾta/ | kanarta /kanaɾta/ | kanut /kanut/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | oxa /oʂa/ | ameay /ameaj/ |
| One | kichik /kitʃik/ | chikichik /tʃikitʃik/ | makichik /makitʃik/ | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | nop /nop/ |
| Two | jimiar /himiaɾ/ | jimiará /himiaɾa/ | jimag /himaɡ/ | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | ijpx /ihpʃ/ |
| Three | kampatam /kampatam/ | menaintiu /menaintʲu/ | kampatum /kampatum/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | areh /aɾeh/ |
| Four | aintiuk /aintʲuk/ | aintiuk /aintʲuk/ | ipaksumat /ipaksumat/ | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | chosko /tʃosko/ | apikiw /apikiw/ |
| Five | ewej /eweh/ | ewej /eweh/ | uweja amua /uwɨha amua/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichika /pitʃika/ | akokiaw /akokʲaw/ |
| Hundred | pachak /patʃak/ | sian /sian/ | cien /sjen/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pacha /patʃa/ | akoik miow /akoik miow/ |
| Hello | pujamek /puhamek/ | pujamek /puhamek/ | pujámek /puhámɨk/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | ngwene /ŋwene/ |
| Thank you | mai-tikut /majtikut/ | yuminsajme /juminsahme/ | see /sɨː/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | irake /iɾake/ | mongoy /moŋoj/ |
| Good | pengker /peŋkeɾ/ | penker /peŋkeɾ/ | pegkeg /pɨɡkɨɡ/ | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | jakon /hakon/ | najneaj /nahneah/ |
| New | yamaram /jamaɾam/ | yamaram /jamaram/ | yamajam /jamaham/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | bena /bɨna/ | jayats /hajats/ |
| Red | kapantin /kapantin/ | kapaku /kapaku/ | kapantu /kapantu/ | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | nakants /nakants/ |
| White | puju /puhu/ | pujú /puˈhu/ | puju /puhu/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | raan /ɾaːn/ |
| Black | shuwin /ʃuwin/ | mukusa /mukusa/ | bukusea /bukusɨa/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | wiso /wiso/ | nambeor /nambeoɾ/ |
| Green | samek /samek/ | sámek /ˈsamek/ | samekbau /samɨkbau/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | nateaik /natʲaik/ |
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