ཨ་མདོའི་སྐད་

Amdo Tibetan

Sino-Tibetan (Bodish)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Bodish) Speakers~0.8–1.8M ScriptTibetan script (Uchen/dbu-can abugida, derived from Brahmi via Indian scripts) CountriesChina Official inNo status of its own: Amdo is a spoken variety of Tibetan, the language of the recognized Zang nationality, and written use is literary Tibetan. Amdo areas lie in Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan, not the Tibet Autonomous Region, and fall under the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law and the prefectural 藏语言文字工作条例 of 1993.

Amdo Tibetan is a major Tibetic language cluster spoken by an estimated 0.8–1.8 million people across most of Qinghai and adjoining Tibetan areas of Gansu and Sichuan in western China. It comprises numerous regional varieties, including pastoral and agricultural dialects, and is commonly written in the traditional Tibetan script. Like other Tibetic languages, it generally has verb-final SOV word order and postpositions. Many Amdo varieties are non-tonal and preserve complex initial consonant clusters and voiced obstruents lost or restructured in Lhasa Tibetan, making their pronunciation comparatively conservative while their vocabulary and grammar remain internally diverse.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Amdo Tibetan

Water

ཆུ་

tɕʰə

Fire

མེ་

ȵe

Sun

ཉི་མ་

ȵəma

Moon

ཟླ་བ་

hdawa

Star

སྐར་མ

hkarma

Night

མཚན་མོ

tsʰamo

Rain

ཆར་པ

tɕʰarwa

Snow

ཁངས

kʰaŋ

Wind

རླུང

ɬuŋ

Earth

ས

sʰa

Stone

རྡོ

do

Mountain

རི

rə

Sea

རྒྱ་མཚོ

dʑamtsʰo

Mother

ཨ་མ་

ɑ mɑ

Father

ཕ་

pʰɑ

Daughter

བུ་མོ་

wə mo

I

ང

ŋa

You

ཁྱོད

tɕʰo

We

ང་ཚོ

ŋatsʰo

Name

མིང

ȵaŋ

Person

མི

ȵə

Head

མགོ

nɡo

Eye

མིག་

hȵɔχ

Ear

རྣ་མཆོག

hnamdʑok

Nose

སྣ

na

Mouth

ཁ

kʰa

Tooth

སོ

sʰo

Tongue

ལྕེ

htɕe

Hand

ལག་པ་

laχkwa

Foot

རྐང་པ་

hkaŋwa

Heart

སྙིང

hȵaŋ

Bone

རུས་པ

rəpa

Blood

ཁྲག

tɕʰak

Love

དགའ་

ɡɑ

Tree

ཤིང་

ʂɪŋ

Dog

ཁྱི་

tɕʰə

Cat

ཀུ་ཕ་

kufa

Fish

ཉ

ɲa

Bird

བྱ

ɕa

Egg

སྒོང་ང

ɡoŋŋa

Bear

དོམ

tom

Horse

རྟ

hta

House

ཁང་

kʰɑŋ

Milk

འོ་མ

oma

Salt

ཚྭ་

tsʰa

Rice

འབྲས

ndʐe

Iron

ལྕགས

htɕak

Book

དཔེ་ཆ

χwetɕa

Eat

ཟ་

sa

Drink

འཐུང

tʰoŋ

Sleep

ཉལ་

ɲal

One

གཅིག་

htɕək

Two

གཉིས

hȵi

Three

གསུམ

hsəm

Four

བཞི

hʑə

Five

ལྔ

hŋa

Hundred

བརྒྱ་ཐམ་པ

dʑatʰamba

Hello

བདེ་མོ་

bdeː mo

Thank you

ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ

tʰoktɕe tɕʰe

Good

ཡག་པོ་

joχwa

Red

དམར་པོ

hmaro

White

དཀར་པོ

karo

Black

ནག་པོ

naχkwo

Green

ལྗང་ཁུ

dʑaŋkʰə

Blue

སྔོན་པོ

hŋonpo

Tea

ཇ་

tɕa

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Bodish)

Meaning Amdo TibetanLadakhiClassical TibetanSherpaBaltiLiturgical Classical TibetanSikkimese
Water ཆུ་ /tɕʰə/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire མེ་ /ȵe/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun ཉི་མ་ /ȵəma/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲimə/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ཟླ་བ་ /hdawa/ ཟླ་བ /lzawa/ ཟླ་བ /zlaba/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /tawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Star སྐར་མ /hkarma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ སྐར་མ /kaːma/ སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/
Night མཚན་མོ /tsʰamo/ མཚན /tsʰen/ མཚན་མོ /mtsʰanmo/ ནུབ /nup/ མཚན /tsʰan/ མཚན་མོ /tsʰɛ̃mo/ ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/
Rain ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ ཆར་པ /tʃʰarpa/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰarpa/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ ཆར་པ /tʃʰarpa/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰaːpa/ ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/
Snow ཁངས /kʰaŋ/ ཁ /kʰa/ ཁ་བ /kʰaba/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བོ /kʰau/
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