Cisena
Sena
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Senga-Sena)
Sena (Cisena) is a Bantu language of central Mozambique and southern Malawi, anchored on the Lower Zambezi River around Beira and Tete. Closely related to Nyanja/Chichewa (ny) and Tumbuka (tum) within the Eastern Bantu N group. The historical centre of Sena identity is the lower Zambezi valley, where it was a major trade language during the Portuguese colonial Prazo system (16th-19th c.). Diocesan publications in Sena (Catholic, since the 19th century) and active Mozambican radio broadcasting maintain it.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Sena
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Senga-Sena)
| Meaning | Sena | Chewa | Tumbuka | Manyika | Shona | Ndau | Asu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | madzi /madzi/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mende /mende/ |
| Fire | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | mshika /mʃika/ |
| Sun | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ |
| Moon | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Star | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ |
| Night | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Rain | mvura /mvura/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvua /mvua/ |
| Snow | neve /neve/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | — | sinoo /sinoː/ | chando /tʃando/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ |
| Wind | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ |
| Earth | mataka /mataka/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ |
| Stone | mwala /mwala/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ |
| Mountain | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ |
| Sea | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bahari /bahari/ |
| Mother | mai /mai/ | amayi /amaji/ | amama /amama/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | abambo /abambo/ | adada /adada/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Daughter | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ |
| I | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | mine /mine/ |
| You | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| We | ife /ife/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | uswi /uswi/ |
| Name | dzina /dzina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | izina /izina/ |
| Person | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | mntu /mntu/ |
| Head | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutu /mutu/ | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | mtwi /mtwi/ |
| Eye | diso /diso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | iiso /iːso/ |
| Ear | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzee /nzee/ | isikio /isikio/ |
| Nose | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | fua /fua/ |
| Mouth | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | momo /momo/ |
| Tooth | dzino /dzino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | jino /dʒino/ |
| Tongue | lirimi /lirimi/ | lilime /lilime/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Hand | nkono /nkono/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ | woko /woko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | mkono /mkono/ |
| Foot | mwendo /mwendo/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ | lundi /lundi/ | — | tsoka /tsoka/ | tsoka /tsoka/ | ivunda /ivunda/ |
| Heart | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /mtima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ |
| Bone | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | fupa /fupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | ivindi /ivindi/ |
| Blood | malopa /malopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | sakame /sakame/ |
| Poop | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ | mavi /mavi/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | — |
| Love | kufuna /kufuna/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | lumba /lumba/ |
| Tree | muti /muti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | mti /mti/ |
| Dog | mbwa /mbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ | chona /tʃona/ | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | omba /omba/ | nsomba /nsomba/ | somba /somba/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Bird | mbalame /mbalame/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ |
| Butterfly | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ | berepeswa /beɾepeswa/ | — |
| Egg | dzai /dzai/ | dzira /dzira/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Bear | urusu /urusu/ | — | — | — | bheya /bʱeja/ | bheya /bʱeja/ | — |
| Horse | kavalo /kavalo/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | farasi /farasi/ |
| House | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milk | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mavee /maveː/ |
| Honey | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | nzoke /nzoke/ |
| Salt | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /mtʃere/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Wine | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| Rice | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | — |
| Chocolate | xokolati /ʃokolati/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ | — | — |
| Iron | utale /utale/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | kighera /kiɣera/ |
| Wheel | roda /roda/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | — |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /sirika/ | sirika /siɾika/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Book | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | bhuku /buku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| Eat | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kurya /kurja/ |
| Drink | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Sleep | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | kuata /kuata/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ |
| One | posi /posi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | potsi /potsi/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | imwe /imwe/ |
| Two | piŵiri /piwiri/ | awiri /awiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | avili /aβili/ |
| Three | pitatu /pitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | adatu /adatu/ |
| Four | pinai /pinai/ | zinayi /zinaji/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | — |
| Five | xanu /ʃanu/ | sanu /sanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | — |
| Hundred | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | ighana /iɣana/ |
| Hello | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | moni /moni/ | monire /moniɾe/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ |
| Thank you | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | zikomo /zikomo/ | yewo /jewo/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | maita /maita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ |
| Good | nadidi /nadidi/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | mwamba /mwamba/ |
| New | ipsa /ipsa/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | shaa /ʃaː/ |
| Red | funga /funɡa/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ | swesi /swesi/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | nkundu /nkundu/ |
| White | cena /tʃena/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | jewa /dʒewa/ |
| Black | psipa /psipa/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ | fipa /fipa/ | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | jiru /dʒiru/ |
| Tea | xaya /ʃaja/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ | tiyi /tiji/ | — | tii /tiː/ | — | — |
| Coffee | kafe /kafe/ | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — |
| Sugar | xuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sikiri /sikiɾi/ | — |
| Orange | laranja /larandʒa/ | lalanje /lalandʒe/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | — | ranjisi /randʒisi/ | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ |
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