Brezhoneg
Breton
Celtic
Breton (Brezhoneg) is a Brittonic Celtic language with ~210K speakers in Brittany (NW France) — sister to Welsh (cy) and Cornish (kw); descended from Common Brittonic, brought from southern Britain to Brittany by 5th-7th c. migration. Standardized peurunvan orthography 1941. UNESCO severely endangered. Diwan immersion schools (since 1977) drive revitalization.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Breton
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Celtic
| Meaning | Breton | Cornish | Welsh | Belgian Dutch | Swedish | Romagnol | Lombard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | dour /duːɾ/ | dowr /dɔuɾ/ | dŵr /duːr/ | water /waːtər/ | vatten /vatːɛn/ | acva /ˈakva/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ |
| Fire | tan /tɑ̃ːn/ | tan /tan/ | tân /tɑːn/ | vuur /vyːr/ | eld /ɛld/ | fugh /fuɡ/ | fœg /føːk/ |
| Sun | heol /heːɔl/ | howl /haʊl/ | haul /haɨl/ | zon /zɔn/ | sol /suːl/ | sòl /sɔl/ | sô /soː/ |
| Moon | loar /lwaːɾ/ | loor /loːɾ/ | lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ | maan /maːn/ | måne /moːnɛ/ | lónna /ˈlonːa/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ |
| Star | steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ | sterenn /ˈstɛrɛn/ | seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ | ster /stɛr/ | stjärna /ˈɧæːɳa/ | stèla /ˈstɛla/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ |
| Night | noz /noːs/ | nos /noːz/ | nos /noːs/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | natt /natː/ | nòta /ˈnɔta/ | nocc /nɔtʃ/ |
| Rain | glav /ɡlɑːw/ | glaw /ɡlɛu/ | glaw /ɡlau̯/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ | regn /rɛŋn/ | piôva /ˈpjoːva/ | pioeuva /ˈpjøːva/ |
| Snow | erc'h /ɛrx/ | ergh /ɛrx/ | eira /əɨra/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ | snö /snøː/ | név /neːv/ | nev /nɛf/ |
| Wind | avel /ˈavɛl/ | gwyns /ɡwɪnz/ | gwynt /ɡwɪnt/ | wind /wɪnt/ | vind /vɪnd/ | vènt /vɛt/ | vent /vɛnt/ |
| Earth | douar /ˈduːar/ | dor /doːr/ | pridd /priːð/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ | jord /juːrd/ | tëra /ˈtɛra/ | tera /ˈteːra/ |
| Stone | maen /mɛːn/ | men /mɛːn/ | carreg /ˈkarɛɡ/ | steen /steːn/ | sten /steːn/ | sas /sas/ | sass /sas/ |
| Mountain | menez /ˈmeːnɛs/ | menydh /ˈmɛnɪð/ | mynydd /ˈmənɨð/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bærj/ | muntâgna /munˈtaːɲa/ | mont /munt/ |
| Sea | mor /moːr/ | mor /mɔːr/ | môr /moːr/ | zee /zeː/ | hav /hɑːv/ | mêr /meːɾ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Mother | mamm /mɑ̃m/ | mamm /mam/ | mam /mam/ | moeder /mudər/ | mamma /mamːa/ | mêdar /ˈmeːdaɾ/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ |
| Father | tad /taːd/ | tas /taːs/ | tad /tɑːd/ | vader /vaːdər/ | pappa /papːa/ | pêdar /ˈpeːdaɾ/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ |
| Daughter | merc'h /mɛrx/ | myrgh /mɪrx/ | merch /mɛrx/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dotter /ˈdɔtːɛr/ | fiöla /ˈfjøːla/ | fiœula /ˈfjøːla/ |
| I | me /me/ | my /mɪ/ | fi /viː/ | ik /ɪk/ | jag /jɑːɡ/ | mè /mɛ/ | mì /mi/ |
| You | te /te/ | ty /tɪ/ | ti /tiː/ | gij /ɣɛi/ | du /dʉː/ | tè /tɛ/ | tì /ti/ |
| We | ni /ni/ | ni /niː/ | ni /niː/ | wij /wɛi/ | vi /viː/ | nun /nun/ | nun /nyn/ |
| Name | anv /ˈãːno/ | hanow /ˈhanɔw/ | enw /ˈɛnu/ | naam /naːm/ | namn /namn/ | nóm /nom/ | nòmm /nɔm/ |
| Person | den /deːn/ | den /deːn/ | person /ˈpɛrsɔn/ | mens /mɛns/ | människa /ˈmɛnːɪɧa/ | pirsòuna /pirˈsouna/ | persona /perˈsoːna/ |
| Head | penn /pɛn/ | penn /pɛn/ | pen /pɛn/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ | huvud /ˈhʉːvɵd/ | tësta /ˈtɛsta/ | coo /kuː/ |
| Eye | lagad /laɡat/ | lagas /ˈlaɡas/ | llygad /ɬəɡad/ | oog /oːx/ | öga /øːɡa/ | òcc /ɔtʃ/ | öcc /øtʃ/ |
| Ear | skouarn /ˈskwarn/ | skovarn /ˈskɔvarn/ | clust /klɪst/ | oor /oːr/ | öra /øːra/ | urècia /uˈrɛtʃa/ | oreggia /oˈredʒa/ |
| Nose | fri /friː/ | tron /troːn/ | trwyn /truːɨ̯n/ | neus /nøːs/ | näsa /ˈnɛːsa/ | nès /nɛs/ | nas /nas/ |
| Mouth | genou /ˈɡeːnu/ | ganow /ˈɡanɔʊ/ | ceg /keːɡ/ | mond /mɔnt/ | mun /mɵn/ | bóca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbuka/ |
| Tooth | dant /dãnt/ | dans /danz/ | dant /dant/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tand/ | dèint /dɛjnt/ | dent /dent/ |
| Tongue | teod /tɛwt/ | taves /ˈtavəs/ | tafod /ˈtavɔd/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | tunga /ˈtɵŋa/ | lèngva /ˈlɛŋɡva/ | lengua /ˈleŋɡwa/ |
| Hand | dorn /dɔɾn/ | leuv /lœv/ | llaw /ɬaʊ/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ | hand /hand/ | mân /maːn/ | man /maŋ/ |
| Foot | troad /troat/ | troos /troːz/ | troed /troːɨ̯d/ | voet /vut/ | fot /fuːt/ | pè /pɛ/ | pè /pɛ/ |
| Heart | kalon /kalɔ̃n/ | kolon /ˈkɔlɔn/ | calon /kalɔn/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ | hjärta /ˈjæʈːa/ | côr /koːɾ/ | cör /kør/ |
| Bone | askorn /ˈaskorn/ | askorn /ˈaskɔrn/ | asgwrn /ˈasɡʊrn/ | bot /bɔt/ | ben /beːn/ | òṣ /ɔs/ | oss /ɔs/ |
| Blood | gwad /ɡwaːt/ | goos /ɡoːz/ | gwaed /ɡwaɨd/ | bloed /blut/ | blod /bluːd/ | sangv /saŋv/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ |
| Poop | kac'h /kax/ | kawgh /kauɣ/ | cach /kaːx/ | poep /pup/ | bajs /bajs/ | càca /ˈkaka/ | cacca /ˈkaka/ |
| Love | karantez /kaɾɑ̃ntes/ | kerensa /kɛˈɾɛnsa/ | cariad /karjad/ | liefde /lifdə/ | kärlek /ɕæːɭɛk/ | amour /aˈmouɾ/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ |
| Tree | gwezenn /ˈɡweːzɛn/ | gwedhen /ˈɡwɛðən/ | coeden /kɔɨdɛn/ | boom /boːm/ | träd /trɛːd/ | arbal /ˈaɾbal/ | alber /ˈɑːrbɛr/ |
| Dog | ki /kiː/ | ki /kiː/ | ci /kiː/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | hund /hɵnd/ | cã /kɤɤ̃/ | can /kan/ |
| Cat | kazh /kaːs/ | kath /kaːθ/ | cath /kɑːθ/ | kat /kɑt/ | katt /katː/ | gâta /ˈɡaːta/ | gat /ɡat/ |
| Fish | pesk /pesk/ | pysk /pisk/ | pysgodyn /pəsˈɡɔdɨn/ | vis /vɪs/ | fisk /fɪsk/ | pès /pɛs/ | pess /pes/ |
| Bird | evn /ẽːvn/ | edhen /ɛðɛn/ | aderyn /aˈdɛrɨn/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ | fågel /ˈfoːɡɛl/ | ușël /uˈzel/ | usèll /yzɛl/ |
| Butterfly | balafenn /balaˈfɛn/ | tykki Duw /ˈtɪki dyʊ/ | glöyn byw /ˈɡlɔɨn ˈbɪu/ | vlinder /ˈvlɪndər/ | fjäril /ˈfjæːrɪl/ | parpàia /parˈpaja/ | parpaj /parˈpaj/ |
| Egg | vi /viː/ | oy /ɔɪ/ | wy /uːɨ/ | ei /ɛi/ | ägg /ɛɡː/ | öv /ɔːv/ | öv /øf/ |
| Bear | arzh /ars/ | arth /arθ/ | arth /arθ/ | beer /beːr/ | björn /bjœːɳ/ | órs /ors/ | ors /ors/ |
| Horse | marc'h /marx/ | margh /marx/ | ceffyl /ˈkɛfɨl/ | paard /paːrt/ | häst /hɛst/ | cavàl /kaˈval/ | cavall /kaˈval/ |
| House | ti /tiː/ | chi /tʃiː/ | tŷ /tɨː/ | huis /ɦœys/ | hus /hʉːs/ | ca /ka/ | cà /kaː/ |
| Milk | laezh /leːs/ | leth /lɛθ/ | llaeth /ɬaːɨθ/ | melk /mɛlk/ | mjölk /mjœlk/ | lat /lat/ | latt /lat/ |
| Honey | mel /meːl/ | mel /meːl/ | mêl /meːl/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ | honung /ˈhoːnɵŋ/ | mél /meːl/ | mel /mɛl/ |
| Salt | holen /ˈhoːlɛn/ | holan /ˈhɔlan/ | halen /ˈhalɛn/ | zout /zɔut/ | salt /salt/ | sêl /seːl/ | sal /sal/ |
| Wine | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | wijn /wɛin/ | vin /viːn/ | vẽn /vẽː/ | vin /viŋ/ |
| Rice | riz /riːs/ | ris /riːs/ | reis /reis/ | rijst /rɛist/ | ris /riːs/ | — | ris /ris/ |
| Chocolate | chokolad /ʃoˈkoːlat/ | choklet /ˈtʃɔklɛt/ | siocled /ˈʃɔklɛd/ | chocolade /ʃoːkoːˈlaːdə/ | choklad /ɕʊˈklɑːd/ | — | cicolat /tʃikuˈlat/ |
| Iron | houarn /ˈhuːaɾn/ | horn /hɔɾn/ | haearn /ˈheɨarn/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ | järn /jæːɳ/ | fër /fɛːɾ/ | fèr /fɛr/ |
| Wheel | rod /roːd/ | ros /roːz/ | olwyn /ˈɔlʊɨn/ | wiel /wiːl/ | hjul /juːl/ | rôda /ˈroːda/ | roeuda /ˈrøːda/ |
| Silk | seiz /sɛjs/ | — | sidan /ˈsɪdan/ | zijde /ˈzɛidə/ | silke /ˈsɪlkɛ/ | — | seda /ˈseːda/ |
| Book | levr /lɛvr/ | lyver /ˈlɪvɛr/ | llyfr /ɬɪvr/ | boek /buk/ | bok /buːk/ | lìvar /ˈlivaɾ/ | liber /ˈliber/ |
| Eat | debriñ /debɾĩː/ | dybri /ˈdɨbɾi/ | bwyta /bʊɨta/ | eten /eːtən/ | äta /ɛːta/ | magnê /maˈɲeː/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ |
| Drink | evañ /eːvɑ̃/ | eva /ˈɛva/ | yfed /əvɛd/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ | dricka /drɪkːa/ | bé /be/ | bev /bev/ |
| Sleep | kousket /ˈkuskət/ | koska /ˈkɔska/ | cysgu /ˈkəsɡɨ/ | slapen /ˈslaːpən/ | sova /ˈsuːva/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | dormì /durˈmi/ |
| One | unan /yːnɑ̃n/ | onen /ˈɔnən/ | un /ɨːn/ | een /eːn/ | en /eːn/ | ón /on/ | vün /vyŋ/ |
| Two | daou /dɔw/ | dew /dɛʊ/ | dau /daɨ/ | twee /tweː/ | två /tvoː/ | du /duː/ | duu /dy/ |
| Three | tri /triː/ | tri /triː/ | tri /triː/ | drie /driː/ | tre /treː/ | tri /tri/ | trii /triː/ |
| Four | pevar /ˈpɛːvar/ | peswar /ˈpɛzwar/ | pedwar /ˈpɛdwar/ | vier /viːr/ | fyra /ˈfyːra/ | quàtar /ˈkwatar/ | quater /ˈkwater/ |
| Five | pemp /pɛmp/ | pymp /pɪmp/ | pump /pɨmp/ | vijf /vɛif/ | fem /fɛmː/ | — | cinch /tʃiŋk/ |
| Hundred | kant /kãnt/ | kans /kans/ | cant /kant/ | honderd /ˈɦɔndərt/ | hundra /ˈhɵndra/ | — | cent /tʃent/ |
| Hello | demat /deːmat/ | dydh da /dɪð daː/ | helô /hɛˈloː/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ | hej /hɛj/ | ciô /tʃoː/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ |
| Thank you | trugarez /tɾyɡaɾes/ | meur ras /mœːɾ ɾaːs/ | diolch /diːɔlx/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ | tack /takː/ | gras /ɡɾas/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ |
| Good | mat /maːt/ | da /daː/ | da /dɑː/ | goed /ɣut/ | bra /brɑː/ | bôn /bõː/ | bun /buŋ/ |
| New | nevez /ˈneːves/ | nowydh /ˈnɔwɪð/ | newydd /ˈnɛwɨð/ | nieuw /niːw/ | ny /nyː/ | növ /nɔːv/ | nœuv /nøf/ |
| Red | ruz /ryːs/ | rudh /ryːð/ | coch /koːx/ | rood /roːt/ | röd /røːd/ | ròss /rɔs/ | ross /rɔs/ |
| White | gwenn /ɡwɛn/ | gwynn /ɡwɪn/ | gwyn /ɡwɪn/ | wit /wɪt/ | vit /viːt/ | biânc /bjaŋk/ | bianch /bjaŋk/ |
| Black | du /dyː/ | du /dyː/ | du /dɨː/ | zwart /zwɑrt/ | svart /svart/ | nìgar /ˈniɡar/ | negher /ˈneɡer/ |
| Green | gwer /ɡwɛr/ | gwyrdh /ɡwɪrð/ | gwyrdd /ɡwɪrð/ | groen /ɣrun/ | grön /ɡrøːn/ | vérd /veːɾd/ | verd /vert/ |
| Blue | glas /ɡlɑːs/ | glas /ɡlaːz/ | glas /ɡlaːs/ | blauw /blɑu/ | blå /bloː/ | — | blö /blø/ |
| Cuckoo | koukoug /ˈkukuk/ | koukou /ˈkukuː/ | cog /koːɡ/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | gök /jøːk/ | còc /kɔk/ | cùcch /kuk/ |
| Woof | wouf wouf /wuf wuf/ | — | wff wff /ʊf ʊf/ | waf waf /wɑf wɑf/ | voff voff /vɔf vɔf/ | — | — |
| Computer | urzhiataer /yrzjaˈtaɛːr/ | jynn-amontya /dʒɪn əˈmɔntja/ | cyfrifiadur /kəvrɪvˈjaːdɨr/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | dator /ˈdɑːtɔr/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsyʃi/ | sushi | swshi /ˈsʊʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉːɧi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | te /teː/ | te /teː/ | te /teː/ | thee /teː/ | te /tʰeː/ | — | tè /tɛ/ |
| Coffee | kafe /ˈkafe/ | koffi /ˈkɔfi/ | coffi /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | kaffe /ˈkafːɛ/ | cafè /kaˈfɛ/ | cafè /kaˈfɛ/ |
| Sugar | sukr /sykɾ/ | sugra /ˈsuɡra/ | siwgr /ˈʃʊɡʊr/ | suiker /ˈsœykər/ | socker /ˈsɔkːɛr/ | — | zuccher /syˈkeːr/ |
| Orange | orañjez /oˈrãʒɛs/ | owraval /ɔwˈraval/ | oren /ˈɔrɛn/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | apelsin /apɛlˈsiːn/ | naranza /naˈraŋza/ | naranz /naˈrans/ |
| Ninety-nine | naontek ha pevar-ugent /nãwntek a pewaɾˈyːɡɛn/ | nownsek ha peswar ugens /naʊnzɛk ha ˈpɛzwar ˈɪɡənz/ | naw deg naw /nau dɛɡ nau/ | negenennegentig /ˈneːɣənənˌneːɣəntəx/ | nittionio /ˈnɪtːiuˌniːu/ | — | novanta-neuv /nuˈvanta ˈnøf/ |
| Dopamine | dopamin /doˈpamin/ | Dopamin /dɔˈpamɪn/ | dopamin /dɔˈpamɪn/ | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ | dopamin /dɔpaˈmiːn/ | — | — |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with languages in the same classification
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home