Cymraeg

Welsh

Celtic

FamilyCeltic Speakers~880K ScriptLatin CountriesUK (Wales) Official inWales (co-official) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3cym

Also known as: Welsh, Cymraeg

Welsh (Cymraeg) is a Brythonic Celtic language related to Cornish and Breton, spoken mainly in Wales and also by smaller communities elsewhere, including Patagonia. It has official status in Wales; the 2021 census recorded 538,300 residents aged three or older who reported that they could speak it, while other surveys use different methods and produce different estimates. Welsh is normally written in the Latin alphabet and is noted for grammatical consonant mutations, including soft, nasal, and aspirate mutation, as well as a basic verb–subject–object word order. Welsh-medium education means education in which Welsh is a principal language of teaching and learning, not merely a subject taught in English-medium schools, and it is central to language transmission. The Welsh Government’s Cymraeg 2050 strategy aims for one million speakers and greater daily use by 2050.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Welsh

Water

dŵr

duːr

Fire

tân

tɑːn

Sun

haul

haɨl

Moon

lleuad

ɬɛɨ̯ad

Star

seren

ˈsɛrɛn

Night

nos

noːs

Rain

glaw

ɡlau̯

Snow

eira

əɨra

Wind

gwynt

ɡwɪnt

Earth

pridd

priːð

Stone

carreg

ˈkarɛɡ

Mountain

mynydd

ˈmənɨð

Sea

môr

moːr

Mother

mam

mam

Father

tad

tɑːd

Daughter

merch

mɛrx

I

fi

viː

You

ti

tiː

We

ni

niː

Name

enw

ˈɛnu

Person

person

ˈpɛrsɔn

Head

pen

pɛn

Eye

llygad

ɬəɡad

Ear

clust

klɪst

Nose

trwyn

truːɨ̯n

Mouth

ceg

keːɡ

Tooth

dant

dant

Tongue

tafod

ˈtavɔd

Hand

llaw

ɬaʊ

Foot

troed

troːɨ̯d

Heart

calon

kalɔn

Bone

asgwrn

ˈasɡʊrn

Blood

gwaed

ɡwaɨd

Poop

cach

kaːx

Love

cariad

karjad

Tree

coeden

kɔɨdɛn

Dog

ci

kiː

Cat

cath

kɑːθ

Fish

pysgodyn

pəsˈɡɔdɨn

Bird

aderyn

aˈdɛrɨn

Butterfly

glöyn byw

ˈɡlɔɨn ˈbɪu

Egg

wy

uːɨ

Bear

arth

arθ

Horse

ceffyl

ˈkɛfɨl

House

tŷ

tɨː

Milk

llaeth

ɬaːɨθ

Honey

mêl

meːl

Salt

halen

ˈhalɛn

Wine

gwin

ɡwiːn

Rice

reis

reis

Chocolate

siocled

ˈʃɔklɛd

Iron

haearn

ˈheɨarn

Wheel

olwyn

ˈɔlʊɨn

Silk

sidan

ˈsɪdan

Book

llyfr

ɬɪvr

Eat

bwyta

bʊɨta

Drink

yfed

əvɛd

Sleep

cysgu

ˈkəsɡɨ

One

un

ɨːn

Two

dau

daɨ

Three

tri

triː

Four

pedwar

ˈpɛdwar

Five

pump

pɨmp

Hundred

cant

kant

Hello

helô

hɛˈloː

Thank you

diolch

diːɔlx

Good

da

dɑː

New

newydd

ˈnɛwɨð

Red

coch

koːx

White

gwyn

ɡwɪn

Black

du

dɨː

Green

gwyrdd

ɡwɪrð

Blue

glas

ɡlaːs

Cuckoo

cog

koːɡ

Woof

wff wff

ʊf ʊf

Computer

cyfrifiadur

kəvrɪvˈjaːdɨr

Sushi

swshi

ˈsʊʃi

Tea

te

teː

Coffee

coffi

ˈkɔfi

Sugar

siwgr

ˈʃʊɡʊr

Orange

oren

ˈɔrɛn

Ninety-nine

naw deg naw

nau dɛɡ nau

Dopamine

dopamin

dɔˈpamɪn

At sign

malwen

ˈmalwɛn

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Celtic

Meaning WelshCornishBretonSwedishMalaysian EnglishAustralian EnglishGeordie
Water dŵr /duːr/ dowr /dɔuɾ/ dour /duːɾ/ vatten /vatːɛn/ water /ˈwɔːtə/ water /ˈwoːɾə/ water /ˈwɔːtɐ/
Fire tân /tɑːn/ tan /tan/ tan /tɑ̃ːn/ eld /ɛld/ fire /faɪə/ fire /fɑːə/ fire /faɪə/
Sun haul /haɨl/ howl /haʊl/ heol /heːɔl/ sol /suːl/ sun /san/ sun /sɐn/ sun /sʊn/
Moon lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ loor /loːɾ/ loar /lwaːɾ/ måne /moːnɛ/ moon /muːn/ moon /muːn/ moon /muːn/
Star seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ sterenn /ˈstɛrɛn/ steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ stjärna /ˈɧæːɳa/ star /staː/ star /stɐː/ star /staː/
Night nos /noːs/ nos /noːz/ noz /noːs/ natt /natː/ night /naɪt/ night /nɑet/ night /naɪt/
Rain glaw /ɡlau̯/ glaw /ɡlɛu/ glav /ɡlɑːw/ regn /rɛŋn/ rain /ɹeːn/ rain /ɹæɪn/ rain /ɹeːn/
Snow eira /əɨra/ ergh /ɛrx/ erc'h /ɛrx/ snö /snøː/ snow /snoː/ snow /snɐʉ/ snow /snəʊ/
Page 1/11

Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Welsh
Rydw ‌i eisiau rhoi cynnig ar siwt a welais i mewn siop gyferbyn â'r gwesty
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Me garfe klask ur gwiskamant a weliz en ur stal dirak d'al leti
Ba mhaith ‌liom culaith a chonaic mé i siopa trasna ón óstán a thriail
Welsh
Rydw ‌i eisiau rhoi cynnig ar siwt a welais i mewn siop gyferbyn â'r gwesty

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