Nivaclé
Matacoan
Nivaclé (Chulupí) is a Matacoan language of the Gran Chaco spoken by around 12,000 people, chiefly in the Boquerón department of Paraguay and adjacent northern Argentina. It remains widely used in daily community life.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Nivaclé
Sources
- UT Austin Hunter-Gatherer Language Database #398
- Glottolog niva1238; ISO 639-3 cag
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Matacoan
| Meaning | Nivaclé | Chorote | Mocoví | Toba | Trumai | Pilagá | Dâw |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | inɔʔt /inɔʔt/ | anat /anat/ | waʁajaq /waʁajaq/ | ʔetaʁat /ʔetaʁat/ | misu /misu/ | noʁop /noʁop/ | nǝ̌x /nə̌x/ |
| Fire | itɔx /itɔx/ | etjeʔ /etjeʔ/ | norek /norek/ | nodek /nodek/ | so /so/ | doleʔ /doleʔ/ | bohõ̂ /bohõ̂/ |
| Sun | xunkuklaʔj /xunkuklaʔj/ | kilaj /kilaj/ | raʔaasa /raʔaasa/ | nalaʔ /nalaʔ/ | atetla /atetla/ | kʔatena /kʔatena/ | xɨtɨ̂m /xɨtɨ̂m/ |
| Moon | xiweʔkla /xiweʔkla/ | weʔla /weʔla/ | ʃiraigo /ʃiraiɡo/ | kaʔagoʁoik /kaʔaɡoʁoik/ | atetlpak /atetlpak/ | ʔawoʁoik /ʔawoʁoik/ | xɨtɨ̂m /xɨtɨ̂m/ |
| Star | katiʔs /katiʔs/ | kates /kates/ | waqahɲi /waqahɲi/ | waqahɲi /waqahɲi/ | asih /asih/ | waqtʃiɲi /waqtʃiɲi/ | mʼæ̃̌h /mʼæ̃̌h/ |
| Night | tuɬ /tuɬ/ | axnax /axnax/ | pe /pe/ | pe /pe/ | ʃanixnis /ʃanixnis/ | piʔjaq /piʔjaq/ | cem /cem/ |
| Rain | tʃanu /tʃanu/ | pexla /pexla/ | jaʁat /jaʁat/ | awot /awot/ | kʔawixu /kʔawixu/ | wetep /wetep/ | doɟ /doɟ/ |
| Snow | jekleʃe /jekleʃe/ | fʷijit injuneʔ /fʷijit injuneʔ/ | loɲi /loɲi/ | aloɲi /aloɲi/ | — /—/ | loɲi /loɲi/ | — /—/ |
| Wind | ɬawiʔm /ɬawiʔm/ | laxwu /laxwu/ | nonot /nonot/ | lʔat /lʔat/ | sut /sut/ | lajat /lajat/ | hǒt /hǒt/ |
| Earth | kotsxaʔt /kotsxaʔt/ | axnat /axnat/ | ʔlawa /ʔlawa/ | ʔalwa /ʔalwa/ | tenexne /tenexne/ | ʔalewa /ʔalewa/ | cax /cax/ |
| Stone | utex /utex/ | poj /poj/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | itak /itak/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | pǎʃ /pǎʃ/ |
| Mountain | utejuk /utejuk/ | takixnakiʔ /takixnakiʔ/ | soʁonaʁa /soʁonaʁa/ | qasoʁonaʁa /qasoʁonaʁa/ | — | qasoʁonaʁa /qasoʁonaʁa/ | — |
| Sea | ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa /ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa/ | — | waaʁai /waaʁai/ | awaʁai /awaʁai/ | — | waʁai /waʁai/ | — |
| Mother | mimi /mimi/ | meme /meme/ | lateʔe /lateʔe/ | lateʔe /lateʔe/ | atle /atle/ | latʔe /latʔe/ | mɛ̃ʔ /mɛ̃ʔ/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | naʔ /naʔ/ | letaʔa /letaʔa/ | ltaʔa /ltaʔa/ | ao /ao/ | letʔa /letʔa/ | ʔǐp /ʔǐp/ |
| Daughter | ɔse /ɔse/ | axseʔ /axseʔ/ | lʲaale /lʲaale/ | liale /liale/ | atadi /atadi/ | lekʔoqte /lekʔoqte/ | — |
| I | jiwaatʃa /jiwaatʃa/ | jem /jem/ | ajim /ajim/ | ajim /ajim/ | ha /ha/ | hajim /hajim/ | ʔãh /ʔãh/ |
| You | awaatʃa /awaatʃa/ | am /am/ | qamiʔ /qamiʔ/ | ʔam /ʔam/ | hi /hi/ | ʔam /ʔam/ | ʔãm /ʔãm/ |
| We | kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ /kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ/ | sam /sam/ | qomiʔ /qomiʔ/ | qomiʔ /qomiʔ/ | ka wan / ha wan /ka wan / ha wan/ | qoʔmi /qoʔmi/ | ʔid /ʔid/ |
| Name | ej /ej/ | ej /ej/ | leenaʁat /leenaʁat/ | lʔenaʁat /lʔenaʁat/ | taak /taak/ | lenaʁat /lenaʁat/ | xǎt /xǎt/ |
| Person | niwakle /niwakle/ | injoʔ /injoʔ/ | qom leʔek /qom leʔek/ | ʃijaʁawa /ʃijaʁawa/ | iau /iau/ | sijaʁawa /sijaʁawa/ | — |
| Head | ʃatitʃ /ʃatitʃ/ | xetek /xetek/ | lqahik /lqahik/ | lqaik /lqaik/ | kut /kut/ | laqaik /laqaik/ | nũh /nũh/ |
| Eye | tɔsex /tɔsex/ | tateʔ /tateʔ/ | nqote /nqote/ | lʔaite /lʔaite/ | xon /xon/ | lʔaite /lʔaite/ | tɨm /tɨm/ |
| Ear | kfeʔ /kfeʔ/ | kjoteʔ /kjoteʔ/ | lkeʔla /lkeʔla/ | ltela /ltela/ | faptɨ /faptɨ/ | leketela /leketela/ | xũ̂j /xũ̂j/ |
| Nose | naʔʃ /naʔʃ/ | xnatowo /xnatowo/ | limik /limik/ | lmik /lmik/ | laʃa /laʃa/ | limik /limik/ | tôɟ /tôɟ/ |
| Mouth | aʃi /aʃi/ | aj /aj/ | lap /lap/ | alap /alap/ | xop /xop/ | nedegaʁat /nedeɡaʁat/ | nɔ̃h /nɔ̃h/ |
| Tooth | tsewte /tsewte/ | afʷeʔ /afʷeʔ/ | lowe /lowe/ | lwe /lwe/ | iʃa /iʃa/ | lodaite /lodaite/ | tǝg /təɡ/ |
| Tongue | tʃʼakletʃ /tʃʼakletʃ/ | kax /kax/ | loʔlegaʁanaʁat /loʔleɡaʁanaʁat/ | latʃaʁat /latʃaʁat/ | ano /ano/ | latʃaʁat /latʃaʁat/ | nɔ̃hkæ̂d /nɔ̃hkæ̂d/ |
| Hand | pɔʔkɔt /pɔʔkɔt/ | kjoj /kjoj/ | lqaiʔlaʁat /lqaiʔlaʁat/ | lwaq /lwaq/ | kat /kat/ | lowaq /lowaq/ | ʃôb /ʃôb/ |
| Foot | foʔ /foʔ/ | kalaʔ /kalaʔ/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | pitsʔ /pitsʔ/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | cɨ̌m /cɨ̌m/ |
| Heart | ɬiʔwte /ɬiʔwte/ | oxtaleʔ /oxtaleʔ/ | leʔtaʁanata /leʔtaʁanata/ | lkidʒaqte /lkidʒaqte/ | hotʔaput /hotʔaput/ | likidiaqte /likidiaqte/ | hæ̃g tôj /hæ̃ɡ tôj/ |
| Bone | nuʔ /nuʔ/ | weʔlak /weʔlak/ | piʔnek /piʔnek/ | piʔinek /piʔinek/ | daʃ /daʃ/ | pʔinek /pʔinek/ | kɛg /kɛɡ/ |
| Blood | wojej /wojej/ | wojis /wojis/ | lewoʔ /lewoʔ/ | ltagoʔq /ltaɡoʔq/ | du /du/ | letawoʔ /letawoʔ/ | jɨ̂w /jɨ̂w/ |
| Poop | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Love | — /—/ | soon /soon/ | iʔʁoren /iʔʁoren/ | lsoʁodʒik /lsoʁodʒik/ | puʔdits /puʔdits/ | noqpita /noqpita/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | aʔkxutajuk /aʔkxutajuk/ | alaʔ /alaʔ/ | qoʔpaq /qoʔpaq/ | ʔipaq /ʔipaq/ | dei /dei/ | ʔepaq /ʔepaq/ | təg /təɡ/ |
| Dog | nuʔu /nuʔu/ | noʔo /noʔo/ | pioq /pioq/ | pioq /pioq/ | kasoro /kasoro/ | pioq /pioq/ | jãm /jãm/ |
| Cat | tanuk /tanuk/ | tinuk /tinuk/ | regaatolek /reɡaatolek/ | miitʃa /miitʃa/ | — /—/ | mitʃa /mitʃa/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | saxetʃ /saxetʃ/ | sijus /sijus/ | nalʲin /nalʲin/ | njaq /njaq/ | kaʔte /kaʔte/ | nijaq /nijaq/ | hãːp /hãːp/ |
| Bird | ɔxɔklɔ /ɔxɔklɔ/ | afʷena /afʷena/ | ajo /ajo/ | qojo /qojo/ | uraʔi /uraʔi/ | majoʔ /majoʔ/ | təwə́t /təwə́t/ |
| Butterfly | wosok /wosok/ | kopijeʔ /kopijeʔ/ | paare /ˈpaːre/ | toʁotoq /toʁotoq/ | tumu tumu /tumu tumu/ | petooloʁol /peˈtoːloʁol/ | mem /mem/ |
| Egg | ɬʃajkʼu /ɬʃajkʼu/ | leʔkjuʔ /leʔkjuʔ/ | lkoʔweʔ /lkoʔweʔ/ | lkoʔoweʔ /lkoʔoweʔ/ | taf /taf/ | lekʔoweʔ /lekʔoweʔ/ | tɨ̌p /tɨ̌p/ |
| Horse | kuwɔju /kuwɔju/ | alenta /alenta/ | ʃipgaq /ʃipɡaq/ | kaajo /kaajo/ | — | pegaq /peɡaq/ | — |
| House | xpɔjitʃ /xpɔjitʃ/ | sawo /sawo/ | ʔimek /ʔimek/ | nojik /nojik/ | dat /dat/ | ʔemek /ʔemek/ | tɔp /tɔp/ |
| Milk | tsʼoʔs /tsʼoʔs/ | kajtjos /kajtjos/ | loʔiʔ /loʔiʔ/ | ltʃiʔ /ltʃiʔ/ | — | lotʃiʔ /lotʃiʔ/ | — |
| Honey | akɔjetʃ /akɔjetʃ/ | wonateʔ /wonateʔ/ | rapik liʔi /rapik liʔi/ | dapik /dapik/ | aus tsʔa /aus tsʔa/ | maʔage liʔi /maʔaɡe liʔi/ | — |
| Salt | naʔpkutax /naʔpkutax/ | sifʷoniʔ /sifʷoniʔ/ | ʔwe /ʔwe/ | towe /towe/ | iakɨr /iakɨr/ | qaaʔnowa /qaaʔnowa/ | — |
| Wine | ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ /ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ/ | — | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | — | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | — |
| Iron | klesaniɬ /klesaniɬ/ | ot /ot/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wheel | tononontax ɬafoʔ /tononontax ɬafoʔ/ | xikalaʔ /xikalaʔ/ | lasaʁalona /lasaʁalona/ | lasaʁanna /lasaʁanna/ | — | nesaʁalena /nesaʁalena/ | — |
| Book | watkʼisxajanatʃ /watkʼisxajanatʃ/ | xokinek /xokinek/ | nelere /nelere/ | lede /lede/ | — | lede /lede/ | — |
| Eat | tux /tux/ | jekjun /jekjun/ | keʔe /keʔe/ | dekeʔe /dekeʔe/ | ma /ma/ | dekeʔe /dekeʔe/ | wæ̂d /wæ̂d/ |
| Drink | jɔʔ /jɔʔ/ | je /je/ | neʔet /neʔet/ | njom /njom/ | sone /sone/ | nijom /nijom/ | ʔǝg /ʔəɡ/ |
| Sleep | mɔʔ /mɔʔ/ | maʔa /maʔa/ | laq /laq/ | doʔotʃi /doʔotʃi/ | iotl /iotl/ | dʔotʃi /dʔotʃi/ | ʔã̂ /ʔã̂/ |
| One | weʔɬa /weʔɬa/ | ifʷjenni /ifʷjenni/ | ʔona /ʔona/ | ʔoonolek /ʔoonolek/ | mihin /mihin/ | ʔoonolek /ʔoonolek/ | mʼæ̃ʔ /mʼæ̃ʔ/ |
| Two | napuʔ /napuʔ/ | intak /intak/ | doosolqaiʔ /doosolqaiʔ/ | doosolqa /doosolqa/ | uuʃ /uuʃ/ | doosolqa /doosolqa/ | tɨ̌m /tɨ̌m/ |
| Three | puʔxaʔna /puʔxaʔna/ | iwjeʔtsjela /iwjeʔtsjela/ | treesolqaiʔ /treesolqaiʔ/ | treesolqa /treesolqa/ | uʃtaxme /uʃtaxme/ | treesolqa /treesolqa/ | mũtwáp /mũtwáp/ |
| Four | jitʃatxuɬ /jitʃatxuɬ/ | pawlitsiʔ /pawlitsiʔ/ | kwaatrolqaiʔ /kwaatrolqaiʔ/ | kowaatro /kowaatro/ | — | kwaatrolqa /kwaatrolqa/ | — |
| Five | weʔɬanɔxeʃ /weʔɬanɔxeʃ/ | ifʷjenni sikjoj itifʷe /ifʷjenni sikjoj itifʷe/ | ʃiinkolqaiʔ /ʃiinkolqaiʔ/ | ʃiinko /ʃiinko/ | nekatkelan /nekatkelan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | is /is/ | es /es/ | noʔwen /noʔwen/ | noʔon /noʔon/ | deta /deta/ | nʔoota /nʔoota/ | jæ̃̂w /jæ̃̂w/ |
| New | nitʃʼa /nitʃʼa/ | inkjeʔ /inkjeʔ/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | xodae /xodae/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | — |
| Red | juk /juk/ | isjet /isjet/ | tok /tok/ | tok /tok/ | tsiomat /tsiomat/ | toomaʁadaik /toomaʁadaik/ | nô /nô/ |
| White | klim /klim/ | lemiʔ /lemiʔ/ | jalagaq /jalaɡaq/ | japagaq /japaɡaq/ | tsitore /tsitore/ | japagaq /japaɡaq/ | hô /hô/ |
| Black | jakut /jakut/ | tula /tula/ | naweʔ /naweʔ/ | naweʔ /naweʔ/ | tsidat /tsidat/ | leedaʁaik /leedaʁaik/ | câ /câ/ |
| Green | nipewajʃi /nipewajʃi/ | watso /watso/ | radala /radala/ | dadala /dadala/ | — | dadala /dadala/ | mɨ̃̂ /mɨ̃̂/ |
| Blue | jaka /jaka/ | lasa /lasa/ | ikolaq /ikolaq/ | malaʁadaik /malaʁadaik/ | tsiauu /tsiauu/ | malaʁadaik /malaʁadaik/ | — |
| Cuckoo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Woof | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Computer | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sushi | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tea | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sugar | tʃʼiʃi /tʃʼiʃi/ | titsojinlamak /titsojinlamak/ | soka /soka/ | ʔasooka /ʔasooka/ | aroxoroxok /aroxoroxok/ | ʔasooka /ʔasooka/ | — |
| Orange | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dopamine | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| At sign | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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