Isoko
Atlantic-Congo (Volta-Niger, Edoid, Southwestern)
Isoko is a Southwestern Edoid language of the Niger Delta region, very closely related to Urhobo (urh) — the two are sometimes considered dialects of a single Urhobo-Isoko language but are usually treated as distinct. The Isoko people are concentrated in the Isoko North and Isoko South Local Government Areas of Delta State. Like Urhobo, Isoko is tonal with three contrastive tones, and uses prefix-based verbal aspect marking. The Isoko Bible (1973) and a growing literary tradition have given it a strong written presence in the Niger Delta.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Isoko
echọkọleti
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Volta-Niger, Edoid, Southwestern)
| Meaning | Isoko | Urhobo | Yekhee | Edo | Degema | Efik | Igbo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ame /ame/ | ame /ame/ | amɛ /amɛ/ | amẹ /amɛ̃/ | amin /amin/ | mmọñ /m̩mɔŋ/ | mmiri /mːiɾi/ |
| Fire | erae /eɾae/ | erhanre /eɾanɾe/ | eria /eɾia/ | erhẹn /eɾɛ̃/ | itany /itaɲ/ | ikañ /ikaŋ/ | ọkụ /ɔkʊ/ |
| Sun | ọvẹ /ɔvɛ/ | uvo /uvo/ | ovan /ovan/ | ovẹn /oʋɛ̃/ | uvuwo /uvuwo/ | utin /utin/ | anyanwụ /aɲaŋʷʊ/ |
| Moon | ọwa /ɔwa/ | emeranvwe /emeɾanβwe/ | ukpoki /ukpoki/ | uki /uki/ | obaam /obəəm/ | ọfiọñ /ɔfiɔŋ/ | ọnwa /ɔŋʷa/ |
| Star | esi /esi/ | isio /isio/ | isi /isi/ | orhọnmwẹ /oɾɔ̃mwɛ̃/ | ụsemese /ʊsɛmɛsɛ/ | ntantaọfiọn̄ /n̩tantaˈɔfiɔŋ/ | kpakpando /kpakpando/ |
| Night | aso /aso/ | aso /aso/ | eridai /eridai/ | asọn /asɔ̃/ | ạsu /asʊ/ | okoneyo /okonejo/ | abalị /abalɪ/ |
| Rain | oso /oso/ | osio /osio/ | — | — | ọkpar /ɔkpaɾ/ | edim /edim/ | mmiri ozuzo /mːiɾi ɔzuzo/ |
| Snow | ekpalekpa-ame /ekpalekpaame/ | — | — | isonorhọ /isonoɾɔ/ | — | — | snoo /sinoː/ |
| Wind | ofou /ofou/ | aphopho /aɸoɸo/ | — | ẹhoho /ɛhoho/ | — | ofim /ofim/ | ifufe /ifufe/ |
| Earth | otọ /ɔtɔ/ | otọ /ɔtɔ/ | — | otọ /otɔ/ | — | isọñ /isɔŋ/ | ala /àlà/ |
| Mountain | ugbehru /uɡbehɾu/ | ugbenu /uɡbenu/ | — | oke /oke/ | igu /iɡu/ | obot /obot/ | ugwu /úɡʷú/ |
| Sea | abade /abade/ | abadi /abadi/ | — | okun /okũ/ | — | inyañ /iɲaŋ/ | oke osimiri /oke osimiɾi/ |
| Mother | oni /oni/ | oni /oni/ | iye /ije/ | iye /ije/ | onomo /onomo/ | eka /eka/ | nne /nːe/ |
| Father | ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ | ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ | eθa /eθa/ | érhá /eɾa/ | ọsunomo /ɔsʊnɔmɔ/ | ete /ete/ | nna /nːa/ |
| Daughter | ọmọtẹ /ɔmɔtɛ/ | ọmọtẹ /ɔmɔtɛ/ | — | ọmọ okhuo /ɔmɔ oxuo/ | ọkpatam /ɔkpatam/ | eyen an̄wan /ejɛn aŋwan/ | nwa nwaanyị /ŋʷa ŋʷaːɲɪ/ |
| I | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ/ | mẹ /mɛ̃/ | mẹẹ /mɛɛ/ | ami /aˈmi/ | mụ /mʊ/ |
| You | whẹ /ʍɛ/ | wẹ /wɛ/ | wẹ /wɛ/ | wẹ /wɛ/ | wọọ /wɔɔ/ | afo /aˈfo/ | gị /ɡɪ/ |
| We | ma /ma/ | avwanre /aβwanɾe/ | mae /mae/ | ma /ma/ | eni /eni/ | nnyin /nɲin/ | anyị /aɲɪ/ |
| Name | odẹ /odɛ/ | odẹ /odɛ/ | ena /ena/ | eni /ẽ̀nĩ̀/ | ini /ini/ | enyiñ /eɲiŋ/ | aha /aha/ |
| Person | ohwo /ohwo/ | ohwo /ohwo/ | — | ọmwa /ɔmwã/ | oweey /oweej/ | owo /owo/ | mmadụ /mmadʊ/ |
| Head | uzou /uzou/ | uyovwi /ujoβwi/ | usumi /usumi/ | uhunmwu /uhũmwũ/ | utom /utom/ | ibuot /ibuot/ | isi /isi/ |
| Eye | ẹro /ɛɾo/ | ẹro /ɛɾo/ | evua /evua/ | aro /aro/ | ụnwo ạḍu /ʊŋʷɔ aɗʊ/ | enyin /eɲin/ | anya /aɲa/ |
| Ear | ozọ /ozɔ/ | erhọn /eɾɔ̃/ | eo /eo/ | ehọ /ehɔ/ | ụsow /ʊsɔw/ | utọñ /utɔŋ/ | ntị /ntɪ/ |
| Nose | unwe /unwe/ | uwen /uwẽ/ | isue /isue/ | ihue /ihue/ | isuveny /isuveɲ/ | ibuo /ibuo/ | imi /īmī/ |
| Mouth | unu /unu/ | unu /unu/ | uno /uno/ | unu /unu/ | enu /enu/ | inua /inua/ | ọnụ /ɔnʊ/ |
| Tooth | akọ /akɔ/ | ako /ako/ | ako /ako/ | akọn /akɔ̃/ | ụku /ʊkʊ/ | edet /edet/ | eze /eze/ |
| Tongue | erou /eɾou/ | erebe /erebe/ | olemi /olemi/ | aranmwẹ /aranmwɛ̃/ | ụḍem /ʊɗɛm/ | edeme /edeme/ | ire /iɾe/ |
| Hand | obọ /obɔ/ | obọ /obɔ/ | oba /oba/ | obọ /obɔ/ | ụḅo /ʊɓɔ/ | ubọk /ubɔk/ | aka /aka/ |
| Foot | owọ /owɔ/ | owọ /owɔ/ | — | owẹ /owɛ/ | avi /avi/ | ukot /ukot/ | ụkwụ /ʊkʷʊ/ |
| Heart | udu /udu/ | udu /udu/ | itsu /itsu/ | ekhọe /exɔe/ | ụnwo ivom /ʊŋʷɔ ivom/ | esit /esit/ | obi /obi/ |
| Bone | ubeku /ubeku/ | ubeku /ubeku/ | ugoa /uɡoa/ | ùgbòlòkò /ùɡbòlòkò/ | uḅuwo /uɓuwo/ | ọkpọ /ɔkpɔ/ | ọkpụkpụ /ɔkpʊkpʊ/ |
| Blood | azẹ /azɛ/ | ọbara /ɔbaɾa/ | atale /atale/ | esagiẹn /esaɡiɛ̃/ | ịjzalam /ɪzalam/ | iyip /ijip/ | ọbara /ɔbaɾa/ |
| Poop | isọ /isɔ/ | isọn /isɔ̃/ | — | — | — | ifuọ /ifuɔ/ | nsị /n̩sḭ/ |
| Love | ọsuọ /ɔswɔ/ | ẹguọnọ /ɛɡwɔnɔ/ | gbele /ɡbele/ | arhuẹmwonmwan /aɾuɛ̃mwɛ̃/ | — /—/ | ima /ima/ | ịhụnanya /ɪhʊnaɲa/ |
| Tree | orhan /oɾan/ | urhe /uɾe/ | orhan /oɾhan/ | erhan /eɾã/ | ụtany /ʊtaɲ/ | eto /eto/ | osisi /osisi/ |
| Dog | ebọ /ebɔ/ | eranko /eɾanko/ | agbon /aɡbon/ | awa /awa/ | ạḅuwa /aɓʊwa/ | ebua /ebua/ | nkịta /ŋkɪta/ |
| Cat | ọtọmha /ɔtɔmha/ | ọtọma /ɔtɔma/ | otsuvua /otsuvua/ | apusi /apusi/ | pọsi /pɔsɪ/ | nyabudaha /ɲabudaha/ | nwamba /ŋʷamba/ |
| Fish | yei /jei/ | eri /eɾi/ | eseri /eseri/ | ehẹn /ehɛ̃/ | esen /esen/ | iyak /ijak/ | azụ /azʊ/ |
| Bird | evra /evɾa/ | ọphran /ɔɸɾan/ | apfiami /apfiami/ | ahianmwẹ /ahjãmwɛ̃/ | ẹfen /ɛfɛn/ | inuen /inuen/ | nnụnụ /nːʊnʊ/ |
| Butterfly | ẹvbovbo /ɛʋoʋo/ | erhi /eɾi/ | aviẹviẹ /aviɛviɛ/ | ebalabala /ebalabala/ | — | ọfọñekpo /ɔfɔŋekpo/ | ulukurubụba /ulukuɾubʊba/ |
| Egg | ike /ike/ | ukẹn /ukɛ̃/ | — | ekẹrẹ /ekɛrɛ/ | — | nsen /n̩sen/ | àkwá /àkʷá/ |
| Horse | anyenya /aɲeɲa/ | esi /esi/ | akazi /akaʒi/ | ẹ́sín /ɛsĩ/ | — | enañ mbakara /enaŋ mbakara/ | ịnyịnya /ɪɲɪɲa/ |
| House | uwowhe /uwowhe/ | uwevwi /uweβwi/ | ukekpe /ukekpe/ | owa /owa/ | ụvay /ʊvaj/ | ufọk /ufɔk/ | ụlọ /ʊlɔ/ |
| Milk | imiliki /imiliki/ | ameivie /ameivie/ | — | ewẹn /ewɛ̃/ | — | mmọñeba /m̩mɔŋeba/ | mmiri ara /mːiɾi aɾa/ |
| Honey | ọnyọ /ɔɲɔ/ | ọnyọn /ɔɲɔ̃/ | — | owọn /owɔ̃/ | — | aranọkwọk /aranɔkwɔk/ | mmanụ aṅụ /mːanʊ aŋʊ/ |
| Salt | uwhei /uʍei/ | ughweraka /uɣʷeɾaka/ | umeri /umeri/ | umwẹ /umwɛ̃/ | uḅuwan /uɓuwən/ | inuñ /inuŋ/ | nnu /nːu/ |
| Wine | enwaene /enwaene/ | iwaini /iwaini/ | — | ayọn /ajɔ̃/ | — | wine /wain/ | mmanya /mːaɲa/ |
| Rice | osikapa /osikapa/ | irosu /iɾosu/ | — | izẹ /izɛ/ | — | edesi /edesi/ | osikapa /osikapa/ |
| Chocolate | echọkọleti | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | ayọno /ajɔno/ | utehru /utehɾu/ | akure /akuɾe/ | ematọn /ematɔ̃/ | ikulele /ikulele/ | ukwak /ukwak/ | igwe /iɡʷe/ |
| Wheel | ẹtẹ /ɛtɛ/ | adjugẹn /adʒuɡɛn/ | — | owe /owe/ | — | — | wiil /wiːl/ |
| Silk | silki /silki/ | esada /esada/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Book | ụbị /ʊbɪ/ | ọbe /ɔbe/ | — | ebe /ebe/ | — | ñwed /ŋwed/ | akwụkwọ /akʷʊkʷɔ/ |
| Eat | re /ɾe/ | re /ɾe/ | remi /ɾemi/ | re /re/ | ḍi /ɗi/ | dia /dia/ | iri /iɾi/ |
| Drink | da /da/ | da /da/ | yamẹ /jamɛ/ | da /da/ | nyọnw /ɲɔŋʷ/ | ñwọñ /ŋwɔɲ/ | ịṅụ /ɪŋʊ/ |
| Sleep | wezẹ /wɛzɛ/ | vwerhẹ /βweɾɛ/ | — | vbiẹ /ʋiɛ/ | mẹse /mɛsɛ/ | de /dɛ/ | ịrahụ /ɪɾahʊ/ |
| One | ọvo /ɔvo/ | ọvo /ɔvo/ | ɔkpa /ɔkpa/ | ọkpa /ɔkpa/ | ọvu /ɔvʊ/ | kiet /kiet/ | otu /otu/ |
| Two | ivẹ /ivɛ/ | ivẹ /ivɛ/ | eva /eva/ | eva /èʋà/ | iva /ivə/ | iba /iˈba/ | abụọ /abʊɔ/ |
| Three | isa /isa/ | erha /eɾa/ | ela /ela/ | eha /eha/ | ịsay /ɪsaj/ | ita /ita/ | atọ /atɔ/ |
| Four | ịnị /ɪnɪ/ | ẹne /ɛne/ | ezie /eʒie/ | enẹ /ènɛ̀/ | — | inaŋ /inaŋ/ | anọ /anɔ/ |
| Five | isoi /isɔi/ | iyori /ijoɾi/ | ise /ise/ | isẹn /isɛ̃/ | isuwon /isuwon/ | ition /itiɔn/ | ise /ise/ |
| Hundred | ẹgba /ɛɡba/ | ujori /udʒoɾi/ | — | iyisẹn /ijisɛ̃/ | itany isuwon /itaɲ isuwon/ | ikie /ikie/ | narị /naɾɪ/ |
| Hello | mavọ /mavɔ/ | migwo /miɡwo/ | udze /udze/ | kóyo /kojo/ | — /—/ | mọñọ /mɔɲɔ/ | nnọọ /nːɔː/ |
| Thank you | migwo /miɡwo/ | miguo /miɡuo/ | oyabuwere /ojabuweɾe/ | ù rú èsé /ù rú èsé/ | — /—/ | sọsọñọ /sɔsɔɲɔ/ | daalụ /daːlʊ/ |
| Good | ọwhọ /ɔwhɔ/ | emamọ /emamɔ/ | edue /edue/ | ma /ma/ | ovi /ovi/ | eti /eti/ | ọma /ɔma/ |
| New | ọkpokpọ /ɔkpokpɔ/ | ọkpokpọ /ɔkpokpɔ/ | — | ọgbọn /ɔɡbɔ̃/ | ọfany /ɔfaɲ/ | obufa /obufa/ | ọhụrụ /ɔhʊɾʊ/ |
| Red | wowe /wowe/ | wowe /wowe/ | bara /bara/ | baa /baː/ | ạtuatu /atʊatʊ/ | ndandat /ndandat/ | ọbara ọbara /ɔbaɾa ɔbaɾa/ |
| White | ọfuafụ /ɔfuafʊ/ | fafa /fafa/ | pfa /pfa/ | fua /fua/ | ọfufu /ɔfʊfʊ/ | afia /afia/ | ọcha /ɔtʃa/ |
| Black | obiebi /obiebi/ | biebi /biebi/ | wisi /wisi/ | nekhui /nexui/ | obibi /obibi/ | obubit /obubit/ | ojii /odʒiː/ |
| Blue | iburu /ibuɾu/ | iblu /iblu/ | — | raghoragho /raɣoraɣo/ | — | awawa /awawa/ | anụnụ anụnụ /anʊnʊ anʊnʊ/ |
| Computer | ekọmputa /ekɔmputa/ | ikọmputa /ikɔmputa/ | — | ekọmputa /ekɔmputa/ | — | kọmputa /kɔmputa/ | kọmpụta /kɔmpʊta/ |
| Tea | iti /iti/ | iti /iti/ | — | eti /eti/ | — | — | tii /tiː/ |
| Coffee | ekọfi /ekɔfi/ | ikọfi /ikɔfi/ | — | — | — | kọfi /kɔfi/ | kọfị /kɔfɪ/ |
| Sugar | isugẹ /isuɡɛ/ | oyibu /ojibu/ | — | — | — | suka /suka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| Orange | otiowo /otiowo/ | utiẹn /utiɛ̃/ | — | — | — | sokoro /sokoro/ | oroma /oɾoma/ |
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