кърыцӏаз кьеланджи

Kryts

Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh)

FamilyNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh) Speakers~9K ScriptLargely unwritten; Latin orthographies (2020, Azerbaijan) / Cyrillic in Soviet-era scholarship CountriesAzerbaijan (Quba Rayon — Khryz, Jek, Haput, Yergüj, Alik villages) Official inNo (Azerbaijani is sole state language) ISO 639-3kry Glottocodekryt1240

Kryts (Kryz) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch (Shahdagh subgroup, sister to Budukh), spoken by approximately 9,000 people in five villages of Quba Rayon in northeastern Azerbaijan (Khryz, Jek, Haput, Yergüj, Alik), with diaspora communities resettled on the Caspian lowland plains. It is typologically remarkable for its system of nine noun (gender) classes — among the largest of any Lezgic language and reflecting an archaic Proto-Lezgic state — combined with ergative-absolutive alignment, a rich set of locative cases, and class agreement triggered on the verb. Authier's (2009) Grammaire kryz, based on the Alik dialect, remains the standard reference. The language has no community orthography and is unwritten in everyday use; education is in Azerbaijani, and intergenerational transmission is weakening, with Ethnologue rating it 6b (Threatened).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Kryts

Water

xəd

xæd

Fire

tsʼə

tsʼæ

Sun

virağ

viraʁ

Moon

vəz

væz

Star

ħəçʼ

ħætʃʼ

Night

yif

jif

Rain

çʼebic

tʃʼebidʒ

Snow

yiz

jiz

Wind

kulak

kulak

Earth

nöqʼ

nøqʼ

Stone

xud

xud

Mountain

bel

bel

Mother

dəy

dæj

Father

bəy

bæj

Daughter

riş

riʃ

I

zın

zɨn

You

vun

vun

We

jin / žin

jin / ʒin

Name

tʼır

tʼɨr

Person

admi

admi

Head

qʼıl

qʼɨl

Eye

ʕül

ʕyl

Ear

ibır

ibɨr

Nose

miʔel

miʔel

Mouth

siv

siv

Tooth

sil

sil

Tongue

mez

mez

Hand

xəb

xæb

Foot

qil

qil

Heart

yikʼ

jikʼ

Bone

kʼərəpʼ

kʼæræpʼ

Blood

irəc

irædʒ

Love

ikəcu

ikædʒu

Tree

dar

dar

Dog

xʷar

xʷar

Cat

—

—

Fish

balığ

balɨʁ

Bird

quş

quʃ

Butterfly

kübelek

kybelek

Egg

kusuntʼ

kusuntʼ

Bear

sar

sar

Horse

bəlkən

bælkæn

House

kʼul

kʼul

Milk

yux

jux

Honey

yit

jit

Salt

qʼel

qʼel

Wine

çaxır

tʃaxɨr

Rice

vidar

vidar

Iron

dəmır

dæmɨr

Wheel

çerx

tʃerx

Silk

ipeg

ipeɡ

Book

kitab

kitab

Eat

ʕulcu

ʕuldʒu

Drink

qırcu

qɨrdʒu

One

səd

sæd

Two

qʼʷad

qʼʷad

Three

şibır

ʃibɨr

Four

yuqʼud

juqʼud

Five

fır

fɨr

Hundred

fuqʼar

fuqʼar

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

ğaləd

ʁalæd

New

tsʼiyə

tsʼijæ

Red

qırmızı

qɨrmɨzɨ

White

ləzı

læzɨ

Black

ləħə

læħæ

Green

çʼukʼni

tʃʼukʼni

Blue

yeksərğur

jeksærʁur

Cuckoo

—

—

Sugar

şəkər

ʃækær

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh)

Meaning KrytsBudukhRutulLezgianTabasaranAghulKhinalug
Water xəd /xæd/ хьад /xad/ хьед /ħed/ яд /jad/ шид /ʃid/ хьед /ħed/ хьу /xu/
Fire tsʼə /tsʼæ/ цӏа /tsʼa/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏа /tsʼa/ цӏа /tsʼa/ чӏаь /tʃʼæ/
Sun virağ /viraʁ/ вирагъ /viraʁ/ варагъ /waraʁ/ рагъ /raʁ/ ригъ /riʁ/ рагъ /raʁ/ ынкь /ɨnqʼ/
Moon vəz /væz/ вез /vez/ ваз /waz/ варз /varz/ ваз /vaz/ ваз /vaz/ вацӏ /vatsʼ/
Star ħəçʼ /ħætʃʼ/ хӏачӏ /ħatʃʼ/ хед /χed/ гъед /ʁed/ хяд /xæd/ гӏад /ʕad/ пхунцӏ /pχuntsʼ/
Night yif /jif/ йудженджидж /judʒendʒidʒ/ выш /vɨʃ/ йиф /jif/ йишв /jiʃv/ ӏуьш /ʕyʃ/ сан /san/
Rain çʼebic /tʃʼebidʒ/ маф /maf/ гьугъал /huɣal/ марф /marf/ мархь /marx/ угъал /uɣal/ кьула /qʼula/
Snow yiz /jiz/ йиз /jiz/ йиз /jiz/ жив /ʒiv/ йиф /jif/ ибхь /ibħ/ ккыза /kːɨza/
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