Limburgs
Limburgish
Germanic
Limburgish (Limburgs) is a West Germanic language with ~1.6M speakers — Dutch province of Limburg, Belgian Limburg, and the Heinsberg region of Germany. Recognized as a regional language of the Netherlands (1997 European Charter ratification) and minority language of Germany. Distinguished by lexical-tonal accent (high/low pitch on stressed syllables) — rare in West Germanic. Closely related to Ripuarian German dialects.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Limburgish
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Germanic
| Meaning | Limburgish | Low German | Dutch | Belgian Dutch | West Flemish | Afrikaans | Kölsch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | water /vatər/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | water /ʋaːtər/ | water /waːtər/ | woater /ˈwɔːtər/ | water /vɑːtər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ |
| Fire | vuur /vyːr/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | vuur /vyːr/ | vuur /vyːr/ | vier /viːr/ | vuur /fyːr/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ |
| Sun | zón /zɔn/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | zon /zɔn/ | zon /zɔn/ | zunne /ˈzœnə/ | son /sɔn/ | Sonn /zɔn/ |
| Moon | maon /maːʊn/ | Maan /maːn/ | maan /maːn/ | maan /maːn/ | moane /ˈmɔːnə/ | maan /mɑːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Star | sjter /ʃtɛr/ | Steern /steːrn/ | ster /stɛr/ | ster /stɛr/ | sterre /ˈstærə/ | ster /stɛr/ | Stään /ʃtɛːn/ |
| Night | nach /nax/ | Nacht /naxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | nag /nax/ | Naach /naːx/ |
| Rain | Rään /rɛːn/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ | regen /ˈreːhən/ | reën /ˈrɪən/ | Räje /ˈʁɛːjə/ |
| Snow | sjnee /ʃneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ | snêeuw /sneːw/ | sneeu /snɪu/ | Schnei /ʃnaɪ/ |
| Wind | wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | wind /ʋɪnt/ | wind /wɪnt/ | wind /wɪnt/ | wind /vəint/ | Wind /vɪnd/ |
| Earth | eerd /eːrt/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ | eirde /ˈeːrdə/ | aarde /ˈɑːrdə/ | Ääd /ɛːt/ |
| Stone | steen /steːn/ | Steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | klip /klip/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Mountain | berg /ˈbɛrəç/ | Barg /barx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | Berch /bɛʁɕ/ |
| Sea | zieë /ziə/ | See /zeː/ | zee /zeː/ | zee /zeː/ | zêe /zeː/ | see /sɪə/ | Meer /meːɐ/ |
| Mother | mam /mam/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | moeder /mudər/ | moeder /mudər/ | moeder /ˈmudər/ | moeder /ˈmudər/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ |
| Father | pap /pap/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | vader /vaːdər/ | vader /vaːdər/ | voader /ˈvɔːdər/ | vader /ˈfɑːdər/ | Vatter /fatɐ/ |
| Daughter | dochter /dɔxtər/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dogter /ˈdɔxtər/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ |
| I | ich /ɪç/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɛk/ | ek /ɛk/ | ich /ɪɕ/ |
| You | doe /du/ | du /duː/ | jij /jɛi/ | gij /ɣɛi/ | gie /hi/ | jy /jəi/ | do /doː/ |
| We | veer /veːr/ | wi /viː/ | wij /ʋɛi/ | wij /wɛi/ | wieder /ˈwidər/ | ons /ɔns/ | mir /miɐ/ |
| Name | naam /naːm/ | Naam /naːm/ | naam /naːm/ | naam /naːm/ | noame /ˈnɔːmə/ | naam /nɑːm/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Person | Minsch /minʃ/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | mens /mɛns/ | mens /mɛns/ | — | mens /mɛns/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ |
| Head | kop /kɔp/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ | kop /kɔp/ | kop /kɔp/ | Kopp /kɔp/ |
| Eye | oug /ɔux/ | Oog /oːx/ | oog /oːx/ | oog /oːx/ | ooge /ˈoːhə/ | oog /oːx/ | Auch /aʊx/ |
| Ear | oear /uər/ | Ohr /oːr/ | oor /oːr/ | oor /oːr/ | oor /oːr/ | oor /uər/ | Uhr /uːɐ/ |
| Nose | naas /naːs/ | Nees /neːs/ | neus /nøːs/ | neus /nøːs/ | neuze /ˈnøːzə/ | neus /nɪəs/ | Nas /nas/ |
| Mouth | móndj /mʊɲɟ/ | Muul /muːl/ | mond /mɔnt/ | mond /mɔnt/ | mound /mont/ | mond /mɔnt/ | Muul /muːl/ |
| Tooth | tandj /tantʃ/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tant/ | Zang /tsaŋ/ |
| Tongue | tóng /tɔŋ/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | toenge /ˈtuŋə/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | Zung /tsʊŋ/ |
| Hand | handj /hanʲ/ | Hand /hant/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ | and /ɑnt/ | hand /ɦant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Foot | voot /voːt/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | voet /vut/ | voet /vut/ | voet /vut/ | voet /fut/ | Foß /foːs/ |
| Heart | hart /hart/ | Hart /haɐt/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ | erte /ˈærtə/ | hart /ɦart/ | Hätz /hɛts/ |
| Bone | knaok /knɔːk/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | bot /bɔt/ | bot /bɔt/ | been /bɛːn/ | been /bɪən/ | Knoche /ˈknɔxə/ |
| Blood | blood /bloːt/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | bloed /blut/ | bloed /blut/ | bloed /blut/ | bloed /blut/ | Blot /bloːt/ |
| Poop | poep /pup/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | poep /pup/ | poep /pup/ | — | poep /puəp/ | Driss /dʁɪs/ |
| Love | leefde /leːfdə/ | Leev /leːf/ | liefde /lifdə/ | liefde /lifdə/ | liefde /ˈliːvdə/ | liefde /ˈlifdə/ | Leev /leːf/ |
| Tree | boum /bʌʊm/ | Boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | Boum /baʊm/ |
| Dog | hóndj /hɔnʲ/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | hound /hont/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | Hongk /hoŋk/ |
| Cat | kat /kat/ | Katt /kat/ | kat /kɑt/ | kat /kɑt/ | katte /ˈkɑtə/ | kat /kat/ | Katz /kats/ |
| Fish | vis /vɪs/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /fəs/ | Fesch /fɛʃ/ |
| Bird | veugel /ˈvøːɣəl/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ | veugel /vøːhəl/ | voël /fuəl/ | Vugel /fʊɡəl/ |
| Butterfly | kapel /kaˈpɛl/ | Sommervagel /ˈzɔmɐfaːɣəl/ | vlinder /ˈvlɪndər/ | vlinder /ˈvlɪndər/ | — | skoenlapper /ˈskunlapər/ | — |
| Egg | ei /ɛi/ | Ei /ai/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | eier /ˈɛiər/ | Ei /ai/ |
| Bear | beer /beːr/ | Boor /boːr/ | beer /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ | beir /beːr/ | beer /bɪər/ | Bär /bɛːɐ/ |
| Horse | Péërt /peə̯rt/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | paard /paːrt/ | paard /paːrt/ | peird /peːrt/ | perd /pɛrt/ | Pääd /pɛːt/ |
| House | hoes /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | huis /ɦœʏs/ | huis /ɦœys/ | uus /ʏːs/ | huis /ɦœɪs/ | Huus /huːs/ |
| Milk | melk /mɛlk/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | Milesch /ˈmɪləʃ/ |
| Honey | honing /ˈhoːnɪŋ/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ | zêem /zeːm/ | heuning /ˈɦɪønɪŋ/ | Honnich /ˈhɔnɪɕ/ |
| Salt | zout /zɔut/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | zout /zʌut/ | zout /zɔut/ | zout /zɔut/ | sout /səut/ | Salz /zalts/ |
| Wine | wien /ʋiːn/ | Wien /viːn/ | wijn /ʋɛin/ | wijn /wɛin/ | wyn /win/ | wyn /vəin/ | Wing /vɪŋ/ |
| Rice | ries /riːs/ | Ries /riːs/ | rijst /rɛist/ | rijst /rɛist/ | — | rys /rɛis/ | — |
| Chocolate | sjoekelaat /ʃukəˈlaːt/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | chocolade /ʃoːkoːˈlaːdə/ | chocolade /ʃoːkoːˈlaːdə/ | — | sjokolade /ʃukuˈlɑːdə/ | Schokolad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ |
| Iron | iezer /ˈiːzər/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ | yzer /ˈiːzər/ | yster /ˈəistər/ | Ieser /ˈiːzɐ/ |
| Wheel | wiel /ʋiːl/ | Rad /raːt/ | wiel /ʋiːl/ | wiel /wiːl/ | wiel /wiːl/ | wiel /vil/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ |
| Silk | ziej /ziː/ | Sied /ziː/ | zijde /ˈzɛidə/ | zijde /ˈzɛidə/ | — | sy /səi/ | — |
| Book | book /boːk/ | Book /boːk/ | boek /buk/ | boek /buk/ | — | boek /buk/ | Booch /boːx/ |
| Eat | ete /eːtə/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | eten /eːtə/ | eten /eːtən/ | eetn /ˈeːtn̩/ | eet /ɪət/ | esse /ɛsə/ |
| Drink | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | drinken /drɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ | drienkn /ˈdriŋkn̩/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | drinke /dʁɪŋkə/ |
| Sleep | slaope /ˈslɔːpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | slapen /ˈslaːpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpən/ | sloapn /sloːpn̩/ | slaap /slɑːp/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ |
| One | eine /ɛɪnə/ | een /eːn/ | een /eːn/ | een /eːn/ | êen /eːn/ | een /ɪən/ | ein /aɪn/ |
| Two | twee /tweː/ | twee /tveː/ | twee /tʋeː/ | twee /tweː/ | twêe /tweː/ | twee /tʋɪə/ | zwei /tsvai/ |
| Three | drie /driː/ | dree /dreː/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | dree /dʁeː/ |
| Four | veer /veːr/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | vier /viːr/ | vier /viːr/ | — | vier /fir/ | veer /feːʁ/ |
| Five | vief /viːf/ | fief /fiːf/ | vijf /vɛif/ | vijf /vɛif/ | vuuf /vyːf/ | vyf /fəif/ | fönnef /ˈfœnəf/ |
| Hundred | hóndert /ˈhɔndərt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | honderd /ˈɦɔndərt/ | honderd /ˈɦɔndərt/ | — | honderd /ˈɦɔndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ |
| Hello | hallo /halo/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ | goeiendag /ˌhujənˈdɑh/ | hallo /ɦaˈlo/ | Tach /tax/ |
| Thank you | merci /mɛrsi/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ | merci /mɛrˈsi/ | dankie /ˈdaŋki/ | Dankeschön /daŋkəʃøːn/ |
| Good | good /ɡoːt/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | goed /ɣut/ | goed /ɣut/ | goed /hut/ | goed /xut/ | joot /joːt/ |
| New | nuuj /nyːj/ | nee /neː/ | nieuw /niːw/ | nieuw /niːw/ | nieuw /niːw/ | nuut /nyːt/ | neu /nøʏ/ |
| Red | road /roːt/ | root /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ | rooi /roːi/ | rud /ʁuːt/ |
| White | wit /ʋɪt/ | witt /vɪt/ | wit /ʋɪt/ | wit /wɪt/ | wit /wit/ | wit /vət/ | wieß /viːs/ |
| Black | zwart /zʋart/ | swart /svart/ | zwart /zʋɑrt/ | zwart /zwɑrt/ | zwort /zwɔrt/ | swart /svart/ | schwatz /ʃvats/ |
| Green | greun /ɡrøːn/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | groen /ɣrun/ | groen /ɣrun/ | groene /ˈhrunə/ | groen /xrun/ | jröön /jʁøːn/ |
| Blue | blauw /blɑu/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blauw /blɑu̯/ | blauw /blɑu/ | — | blou /bləu/ | blau /blɔu/ |
| Cuckoo | kókkók /ˈkoːkoːk/ | Kukuk /ˈkuːkuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | — |
| Computer | computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | rekenaar /ˈreːkənɑːr/ | Computer /komˈpjuːtɐ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ |
| Tea | tei /tɛi/ | Tee /teː/ | thee /teː/ | thee /teː/ | thee /teː/ | tee /tɪə/ | Tee /teː/ |
| Coffee | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | kaffie /ˈkɑfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Kaffe /ˈkafə/ |
| Sugar | sókker /ˈsɔkər/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | suiker /ˈsœʏkər/ | suiker /ˈsœykər/ | suyker /ˈsykər/ | suiker /ˈsœɪkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ |
| Orange | sinaasappel /ˈsinaːsapəl/ | Apelsien /apəlˈziːn/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | lemoen /ləˈmun/ | Appelsin /apəlˈsiːn/ |
| Dopamine | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ | — | dopamien /dopaˈmin/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ |
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