Sa'an Sàvǐ Sa San Juan Mixtepec
Mixtepec Mixtec
Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
Mixtepec Mixtec (Sa'an Sàvǐ Sa San Juan Mixtepec, "Rain People's Speech of San Juan Mixtepec") is one of the many Mixtec varieties of the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. The Mixtec macro-language (mix) covers ~50 mutually unintelligible varieties spread across the Mixteca region, with each "language" really a cluster of related dialects. Mixtepec specifically is the variety of San Juan Mixtepec municipio, distinct from the prestige Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Yucunany Mixtec, and others. Mixtec varieties share Otomanguean tonal features (3-4 tones, syllable-level), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for Mixtec textile (huipil, ikat) and pre-Columbian iconography (codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mixtepec Mixtec
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
| Meaning | Mixtepec Mixtec | Mixtec | Metlatónoc Mixtec | Wichita | Tojolabal | Aymara | Chol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | ndute /ndute/ | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | uma /uma/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fire | ñuʼu /ɲũʔũ/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | nina /nina/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ |
| Sun | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | inti /inti/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ |
| Moon | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | waːh /waːh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | uw /uw/ |
| Star | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ |
| Night | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ñuu /ɲuː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | aruma /aruma/ | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ |
| Rain | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | — | — | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ |
| Snow | yuva /jùvá/ | — | nieve /njeβe/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | — |
| Wind | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ |
| Earth | ñuʼú /ɲuʔú/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | — | luʼum /luʔum/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | lum /lum/ |
| Stone | yuu /juu/ | yuu /juː/ | yuu /juu/ | — | ton /ton/ | qala /ˈqala/ | xajlel /ʃahlel/ |
| Mountain | yukú /jukú/ | yuku /juku/ | iku /iku/ | — | wits /wits/ | qullu /quʎu/ | wits /wits/ |
| Mother | maa /māā/ | nana /nana/ | siʼi /siʔi/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | nan /nan/ | mama /mama/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ |
| Father | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tat /tat/ |
| I | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | naya /naja/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ |
| You | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | juma /xuma/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ |
| We | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | — /—/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ |
| Name | sivi /siβi/ | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | suti /suti/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ |
| Person | nivi /niβi/ | yivi /jiβi/ | yuvi /juβi/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | winkil /winkil/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ |
| Head | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | — | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | jol /hol/ |
| Eye | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | satej /sateh/ | nayra /najɾa/ | wut /wut/ |
| Ear | soʼo /sòʔō/ | soho /soho/ | soʼo /soʔo/ | — | chikin /tʃikin/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | chikin /tʃikin/ |
| Nose | xichi /ʃitʃi/ | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | sitin /sitin/ | — | niʼ /niʔ/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| Mouth | yuʼu /juʔu/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | — | — | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ |
| Tooth | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ex /eʃ/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | ej /eh/ |
| Tongue | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | laxra /laχra/ | akʼ /aʔkʼ/ |
| Hand | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ |
| Foot | tsaʼa /tsaʔá/ | — | xaʼa /ʃaʔa/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ok /ok/ | kayu /kaju/ | ok /ok/ |
| Heart | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | altzil /altsil/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ |
| Bone | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | yiki /jiki/ | iki /iki/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | bäk /ɓɨk/ |
| Blood | nii /nìí/ | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /niː/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | wila /wila/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ |
| Poop | siʼvi /siʔβi/ | yiʼvi /jiʔβi/ | — | — | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | jama /xama/ | taʼ /taʔ/ |
| Love | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | — /—/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ |
| Tree | yutu /jutu/ | yutu /jutu/ | itun /itun/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | quqa /quqa/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Dog | tina /tǐnà/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | anu /anu/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Cat | vilú /vilú/ | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /βilu/ | — /—/ | mis /mis/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | mis /mis/ |
| Fish | chaka /tʃaka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | tyaka /caka/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | chay /tʃaj/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | chäy /tʃɨj/ |
| Bird | saa /saa/ | saa /saː/ | saa /saa/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | mut /mut/ |
| Butterfly | tikuaa /tikʷaː/ | tikuva /tikuβa/ | — | — | pejpen /pehpen/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | pejpem /pehpem/ |
| Egg | ndivi /ndivi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | tumut /tumut/ |
| Horse | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | — | kawu /kawu/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | cawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ |
| House | veʼe /veʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | naj /nah/ | uta /uta/ | otyot /otjot/ |
| Milk | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | lechu /letʃu/ | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | — | lech /letʃ/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ |
| Honey | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | — | chab /tʃaɓ/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ |
| Salt | iín /ĩĩ́/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | — | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Eat | katsi /kàtsí/ | kasi /kasi/ | kuxi /kuʃi/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ |
| Drink | koʼo /kóʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | ucʼ /utsʼ/ |
| Sleep | kusu /kùsù/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | — | wayel /wajel/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | wäyel /wɨjel/ |
| One | in /iʔn/ | in /ĩ/ | iʼin /iʔin/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | jun /hun/ | maya /maja/ | jun /hun/ |
| Two | uvi /uβi/ | uvi /uβi/ | uu /uː/ | wic /wits/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | paya /paja/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ |
| Three | uni /ùnì/ | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | taw /taw/ | oxe /oʃe/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ |
| Four | kumi /kùmǐ/ | kumi /kumi/ | kuun /kũũ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | chane /tʃane/ | pusi /pusi/ | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ |
| Five | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | — | joʼe /hoʔe/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ |
| Hello | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | saʼa /saʔa/ | — /—/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Thank you | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | — /—/ | yuj /juh/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | wokox /wokoʃ/ |
| Good | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | acs /atss/ | lek /lek/ | suma /suma/ | utsat /utsat/ |
| New | tsaa /tsaː/ | jaa /haː/ | xaa /ʃaː/ | — | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | tsijiʼ /tsihiʔ/ |
| Red | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | chak /tʃak/ | wila /wila/ | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ |
| White | kwitsi /kʷitsi/ | kuijin /kʷihĩ/ | — | — | sak /sak/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ |
| Black | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | jnuu /hnuː/ | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | — | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ |
| Green | kuii /kʷiji/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ |
| Coffee | kafe /káfe/ | — | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | café /kafe/ | kajpe /kahpe/ |
| Sugar | asukar /asúkàr/ | — | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | azúcar /asukar/ | asukal /asukal/ |
| Orange | tikuaa /tikwàá/ | — | naranja /naˈɾaŋxa/ | — | naranja /naranha/ | — | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ |
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