Tu'un Sávi
Mixtec
Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
Mixtec (Tu'un Sávi, "rain language") is a complex of dozens of varieties, often mutually unintelligible, spoken across the Mixteca region of southern Mexico. All varieties are tonal, with up to four phonemic tones.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mixtec
Sources
- cover row drawn from several varieties; the largest share matches Santiago Yosondúa Mixtec (Bible, bible.com 741: sɨvɨ, yuxijni, jnuu, kuijin, ruʼu, nducha mar) with Western Alta / Guerrero forms (ndute, kimi, soho, nikandii). Checked against: Yosondúa Bible (bible.com 741, mpm), San Miguel el Grande NT (bible.com 858, mig), Silacayoapan NT (bible.com 254, mks), ASJP Mixtec doculects (Mixteco de Yosondúa, Atatláhuca, Silacayoapan, Northern Tlaxiaco and ~70 others)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
| Meaning | Mixtec | Metlatónoc Mixtec | Mixtepec Mixtec | Tojolabal | Wichita | Zapotec | East Futunan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ndute /ndute/ | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nisa /nisa/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fire | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲũʔũ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | gui /ɡi/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sun | nikandii /nikandiː/ | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ |
| Moon | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | waːh /waːh/ | beeu /beːu/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Star | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ |
| Night | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ñuu /ɲuː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | pō /poː/ |
| Rain | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | — | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | ʻua /ʔua/ |
| Wind | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | bi /bi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Earth | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼú /ɲuʔú/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | — | yu /ju/ | kele /kele/ |
| Stone | yuu /juː/ | yuu /juu/ | yuu /juu/ | ton /ton/ | — | guie /ɡie/ | maka /maka/ |
| Mountain | yuku /juku/ | iku /iku/ | yukú /jukú/ | wits /wits/ | — | dani /dani/ | maʻuga /maʔuŋa/ |
| Sea | nducha mar /ndutʃa mar/ | tyañuʼu /caɲuʔu/ | — | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | — | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | moana /moana/ |
| Mother | nana /nana/ | siʼi /siʔi/ | maa /māā/ | nan /nan/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | tinana /tinana/ |
| Father | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tat /tat/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tamana /tamana/ |
| Daughter | seʼe siʼi /seʔe siʔi/ | seʼe ñaʼa /seʔe ɲaʔa/ | — | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | — | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | taʻine /taʔine/ |
| I | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | naa /naːʔ/ | au /au/ |
| You | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | koe /koe/ |
| We | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | — /—/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Name | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | sivi /siβi/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | lá /la/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Person | yivi /jiβi/ | yuvi /juβi/ | nivi /niβi/ | winkil /winkil/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | binni /binːi/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Head | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | — | ique /ike/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ |
| Eye | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | satej /sateh/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | lú /lú/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | soho /soho/ | soʼo /soʔo/ | soʼo /sòʔō/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | — | diaga /diaɡa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | sitin /sitin/ | xichi /ʃitʃi/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | — | xii /ʃiː/ | isu /isu/ |
| Mouth | yuʼu /juʔu/ | — | yuʼu /juʔu/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | — | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Tooth | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | ex /eʃ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | laya /laja/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Tongue | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | ʻalelo /ʔalelo/ |
| Hand | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | na /naʔ/ | lima /lima/ |
| Heart | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | altzil /altsil/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | mafu /mafu/ |
| Bone | yiki /jiki/ | iki /iki/ | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | dxita /dʒita/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Blood | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /niː/ | nii /nìí/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | rini /rini/ | toto /toto/ |
| Poop | yiʼvi /jiʔβi/ | — | siʼvi /siʔβi/ | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | — | guiʼ /ɡiʔ/ | taʻe /taʔe/ |
| Love | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | — /—/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Tree | yutu /jutu/ | itun /itun/ | yutu /jutu/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | lāʻakau /laːʔakau/ |
| Dog | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tǐnà/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | kulī /kuliː/ |
| Cat | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /βilu/ | vilú /vilú/ | mis /mis/ | — /—/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | pūsi /puːsi/ |
| Fish | chaka /tʃaka/ | tyaka /caka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | benda /benda/ | ika /ika/ |
| Bird | saa /saː/ | saa /saa/ | saa /saa/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | manu /manu/ |
| Butterfly | tikuva /tikuβa/ | — | tikuaa /tikʷaː/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | — | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | pepe /pepe/ |
| Egg | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndivi/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | fua /fua/ |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | oso /oso/ | — | oso /oso/ | uluso /uluso/ |
| Horse | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | kawu /kawu/ | — | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | ōsi /oːsi/ |
| House | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /veʔe/ | naj /nah/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | fale /fale/ |
| Milk | lechu /letʃu/ | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | lech /letʃ/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | — |
| Honey | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | — |
| Salt | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | iín /ĩĩ́/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | — | zidi /zidi/ | paʻatai /paʔatai/ |
| Wine | vino /βino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | — | vinu /binu/ | vino /vino/ |
| Iron | kaa /kaː/ | kaa /kaː/ | — | takʼin /takʼin/ | — | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | ukamea /ukamea/ |
| Book | tutu /tutu/ | tutu /tutu/ | — | juʼun /huʔun/ | — | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | tosi /tosi/ |
| Eat | kasi /kasi/ | kuxi /kuʃi/ | katsi /kàtsí/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ro /ɾo/ | kai /kai/ |
| Drink | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /kóʔo/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ge /ɡe/ | inu /inu/ |
| Sleep | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kusu /kùsù/ | wayel /wajel/ | — | rasi /ɾasi/ | moe /moe/ |
| One | in /ĩ/ | iʼin /iʔin/ | in /iʔn/ | jun /hun/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | tobi /tobi/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Two | uvi /uβi/ | uu /uː/ | uvi /uβi/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | wic /wits/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | lua /lua/ |
| Three | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | uni /ùnì/ | oxe /oʃe/ | taw /taw/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Four | kumi /kumi/ | kuun /kũũ/ | kumi /kùmǐ/ | chane /tʃane/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | tapa /tapa/ | fā /faː/ |
| Five | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | — | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | iin cientu /ĩː sjentu/ | ciento /sjento/ | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | — | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | kaulelau /kaulelau/ |
| Hello | nasáa /nasáː/ | saʼa /saʔa/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | — /—/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Thank you | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | yuj /juh/ | — /—/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Good | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | lek /lek/ | acs /atss/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | mālie /maːlie/ |
| New | jaa /haː/ | xaa /ʃaː/ | tsaa /tsaː/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | — | nacubi /nakubi/ | foʻou /foʔou/ |
| Red | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | chak /tʃak/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | kula /kula/ |
| White | kuijin /kʷihĩ/ | — | kwitsi /kʷitsi/ | sak /sak/ | — | quichi /kitʃi/ | tea /tea/ |
| Black | jnuu /hnuː/ | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | — | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | ʻuli /ʔuli/ |
| Green | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiji/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — | naberde /naberde/ | moto /moto/ |
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