Hñöñho

Querétaro Otomi

Oto-Manguean (Otomian)

FamilyOto-Manguean (Otomian) Speakers~30K (vulnerable) ScriptLatin CountriesMexico Official inNo nationally (recognized as a national language of Mexico under the 2003 LGDLPI, with the same validity as Spanish in its own territory) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3otq

Querétaro Otomi (autonymously Hñöñho) is an Otomi language of the Otomanguean family, spoken by around 30,000 people in the Querétaro state of central Mexico. Linguistically, it is part of the Otomi macrolanguage cluster alongside Mezquital Otomi (ote) and several other Otomi varieties; ISO 639-3 distinguishes it under code "otq". Querétaro Otomi is one of the most-vibrant Otomi varieties, with strong intergenerational transmission in the Amealco de Bonfil and Tolimán municipalities. The Querétaro Otomi community has maintained their indigenous identity and language through centuries of post-Aztec and Spanish colonial pressure, with significant 20th-century revitalization through bilingual education programs run by INALI and the Querétaro state government.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Querétaro Otomi

Water

dehe

tehe

Fire

tsibi

tsibi

Sun

hyadi

hjadi

Moon

zänä

zãnã

Star

tsꞌe

tsʼe

Night

nxui

nʃui

Snow

tꞌaxtse̱

tʼaʃtsɛ

Wind

ndähi

ndæhi

Earth

hai

hai

Stone

do

do

Mountain

tꞌoho

tʼoho

Sea

ñhonthe

ɲ̥ontʰe

Mother

mu

mu

Father

dada

dada

Daughter

tꞌinxu

tʼinʃu

I

nugä

nuɡæ

You

nuꞌi

nuʔi

We

nugähu / nugähe

nuɡæhu / nuɡæhe

Name

thuuhu

tʰũːhũ

Person

jäꞌi

hãʔi

Head

ñä

ɲã

Eye

da

da

Ear

gu

ɡu

Mouth

ne

ne

Tooth

tsꞌi

tsʼi

Tongue

xäne

ʃɐne

Hand

ꞌye

ʔje

Foot

wa

wa

Heart

mui

mui

Bone

ndoꞌyo

ndoʔjo

Blood

khi

kʰi

Love

mädi

mãdi

Tree

za

za

Dog

ꞌyo

ʔjo

Cat

mishi

miʃi

Fish

xwa

ʃwa

Bird

tsꞌintsꞌu

tsʼintsʼu

Egg

tꞌaxi

tʼaʃi

Bear

oso

oso

Horse

fani

fani

House

ngu

ŋɡu

Milk

ꞌba

ʔba

Honey

tꞌafi

tʔafi

Salt

u

u

Wine

ixkatꞌafi

iʃkatʼafi

Iron

bojä

bohã

Book

heꞌmi

heʔmi

Eat

shi

ʃi

Drink

tsi

tsi

Sleep

ähä

ãhã

One

ꞌna

ʔna

Two

yoho

joho

Three

hñu

ɲ̥u

Four

goho

ɡoho

Five

kʉtꞌa

kɨtʔa

Hundred

nthebe

ntʰebe

Hello

hä

hã

Thank you

jamädi

hamãdi

Good

hño

hɲo

New

ꞌraꞌyo

ʔraʔjo

Red

theni

tʰeni

White

tꞌaxi

tʼaʃi

Green

kꞌangi

kʼaŋi

Blue

kꞌangi

kʼaŋi

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Oto-Manguean (Otomian)

Meaning Querétaro OtomiOtomiMazahuaMingrelianShipibo-ConiboLazTojolabal
Water dehe /tehe/ dehe /dehe/ ndeje /ndehe/ წყარი /tsʼqʼari/ jene /hɨnɨ/ წკარი /tsʼkari/ jaʼ /haʔ/
Fire tsibi /tsibi/ tsibi /tsibi/ sibi /sibi/ დაჩხირი /datʃxiri/ chii /tʃiː/ დაჩხური /datʃxuri/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/
Sun hyadi /hjadi/ hyadi /hjadi/ jyarü /hjaɾɨ/ ბჟა /bʒa/ bari /bari/ მჟორა /mʒora/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/
Moon zänä /zãnã/ zänä /zãnã/ zana /zana/ თუთა /tʰutʰa/ oxe /oʂɨ/ თუთა /tʰutʰa/ ixaw /iʃaw/
Star tsꞌe /tsʼe/ tsøhø /tsøhø/ seje /seʔe/ მურიცხი /muritsxi/ wishti /wiʃtĩ/ მურუცხი /murutsxi/ kʼanal /kʼanal/
Night nxui /nʃui/ xui /ʃui/ xomü /ʃomɨ/ სერი /seri/ yame /jamɨ/ სერი /seri/ aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/
Snow tꞌaxtse̱ /tʼaʃtsɛ/ xija /ʃiha/ xitsji /ʃitsʰi/ თირი /tʰiri/ — მთვირი /mtviri/ sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/
Wind ndähi /ndæhi/ ndähi /ndãhi/ ndajma /ndahma/ ბორია /boria/ niwe /niwɨ/ იხი /ixi/ ikʼ /ʔikʼ/
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