Tu'un Sávi
Metlatónoc Mixtec
Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
Metlatónoc Mixtec (autonymously Tu'un Sávi, "Rain People's Speech") is a Mixtec variety of the La Montaña region of eastern Guerrero, Mexico, with about 25,000 speakers. It belongs to the Mixtec language complex of the Otomanguean family, sharing ancestry with the dozens of mutually unintelligible Mixtec varieties spoken across Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla. Like all Mixtec, it is tonal (3 contrastive tones) and features the characteristic Mixtec couplet verse style used in ritual oratory. Metlatónoc speakers face severe migration pressure — many are seasonal agricultural laborers in northern Mexico and California, USA, where they form an important diaspora indigenous community organizing under the Frente Indígena de Organizaciones Binacionales (FIOB).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Metlatónoc Mixtec
chocolate
computadora
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Oto-Manguean (Mixtecan)
| Meaning | Metlatónoc Mixtec | Mixtec | Mixtepec Mixtec | Wichita | Zapotec | Tojolabal | Guerrero Nahuatl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | ndute /ndute/ | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nisa /nisa/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Fire | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲũʔũ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | gui /ɡi/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Sun | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | tonajli /tonahli/ |
| Moon | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | waːh /waːh/ | beeu /beːu/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Star | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ |
| Night | ñuu /ɲuː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ |
| Rain | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ |
| Snow | nieve /njeβe/ | — | yuva /jùvá/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | nieve /njebe/ | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ |
| Wind | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | bi /bi/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Earth | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼú /ɲuʔú/ | — | yu /ju/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ |
| Stone | yuu /juu/ | yuu /juː/ | yuu /juu/ | — | guie /ɡie/ | ton /ton/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ |
| Mountain | iku /iku/ | yuku /juku/ | yukú /jukú/ | — | dani /dani/ | wits /wits/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Sea | tyañuʼu /caɲuʔu/ | nducha mar /ndutʃa mar/ | — | — | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Mother | siʼi /siʔi/ | nana /nana/ | maa /māā/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | nanan /nanan/ |
| Father | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tat /tat/ | tatah /tatah/ |
| Daughter | seʼe ñaʼa /seʔe ɲaʔa/ | seʼe siʼi /seʔe siʔi/ | — | — | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ |
| I | yuʼu /juʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | naa /naːʔ/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | nejua /neˈwa/ |
| You | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | tejua /teˈwa/ |
| We | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | — /—/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ |
| Name | sivi /siβi/ | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | lá /la/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ |
| Person | yuvi /juβi/ | yivi /jiβi/ | nivi /niβi/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | binni /binːi/ | winkil /winkil/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ |
| Head | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | — | ique /ike/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Eye | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | lú /lú/ | satej /sateh/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ |
| Ear | soʼo /soʔo/ | soho /soho/ | soʼo /sòʔō/ | — | diaga /diaɡa/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Nose | sitin /sitin/ | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | xichi /ʃitʃi/ | — | xii /ʃiː/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ |
| Tooth | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | laya /laja/ | ex /eʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ |
| Tongue | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | nenepil /nenepil/ |
| Hand | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | na /naʔ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Foot | xaʼa /ʃaʔa/ | — | tsaʼa /tsaʔá/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | ok /ok/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Heart | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | altzil /altsil/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ |
| Bone | iki /iki/ | yiki /jiki/ | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | dxita /dʒita/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Blood | nii /niː/ | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /nìí/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | rini /rini/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | yestli /jestɬi/ |
| Love | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | — /—/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ |
| Tree | itun /itun/ | yutu /jutu/ | yutu /jutu/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ |
| Dog | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tǐnà/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ |
| Cat | vilu /βilu/ | vilú /βilú/ | vilú /vilú/ | — /—/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | mis /mis/ | miston /miston/ |
| Fish | tyaka /caka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | benda /benda/ | chay /tʃaj/ | michin /mitʃin/ |
| Bird | saa /saa/ | saa /saː/ | saa /saa/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ |
| Egg | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndivi/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Horse | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | — | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ |
| House | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /veʔe/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | naj /nah/ | kajli /kahli/ |
| Milk | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | lechu /letʃu/ | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ |
| Honey | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | — | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ |
| Salt | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | iín /ĩĩ́/ | — | zidi /zidi/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Wine | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /βino/ | — | — | vinu /binu/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Chocolate | chocolate | — | — | — | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ |
| Iron | kaa /kaː/ | kaa /kaː/ | — | — | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Wheel | llanta /janta/ | — | — | — | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Book | tutu /tutu/ | tutu /tutu/ | — | — | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | libro /ˈlibro/ |
| Eat | kuxi /kuʃi/ | kasi /kasi/ | katsi /kàtsí/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ro /ɾo/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Drink | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /kóʔo/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ge /ɡe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | koni /koni/ |
| Sleep | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kusu /kùsù/ | — | rasi /ɾasi/ | wayel /wajel/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| One | iʼin /iʔin/ | in /ĩ/ | in /iʔn/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | tobi /tobi/ | jun /hun/ | ce /se/ |
| Two | uu /uː/ | uvi /uβi/ | uvi /uβi/ | wic /wits/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Three | uni /ùnì/ | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | taw /taw/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | oxe /oʃe/ | yeyi /jeji/ |
| Four | kuun /kũũ/ | kumi /kumi/ | kumi /kùmǐ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | tapa /tapa/ | chane /tʃane/ | nahui /nawi/ |
| Five | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | — | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ |
| Hundred | ciento /sjento/ | iin cientu /ĩː sjentu/ | — | — | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ |
| Hello | saʼa /saʔa/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | — /—/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | panolti /panolti/ |
| Thank you | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | — /—/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | yuj /juh/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ |
| Good | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | acs /atss/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | lek /lek/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ |
| New | xaa /ʃaː/ | jaa /haː/ | tsaa /tsaː/ | — | nacubi /nakubi/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ |
| Red | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | chak /tʃak/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| Black | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | jnuu /hnuː/ | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | — | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ |
| Green | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiji/ | — | naberde /naberde/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ |
| Blue | kuii /kʷiː/ | — | — | — | azul /asul/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | azul /aˈsul/ |
| Computer | computadora | — | — | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputadora/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ |
| Coffee | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kafe /káfe/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | café /kaˈfe/ |
| Sugar | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | asukar /asúkàr/ | — | dxiña /dʒiɲa/ | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | azúcar /aˈsukar/ |
| Orange | naranja /naˈɾaŋxa/ | — | tikuaa /tikwàá/ | — | naranja /naɾanxa/ | naranja /naranha/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ |
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