Kanien'kéha
Mohawk
Iroquoian (Northern)
Mohawk (Kanien'kéha) is one of the largest surviving Iroquoian languages, native to the Mohawk Valley. It is highly polysynthetic and has a relatively small sound inventory of roughly 15–16 phonemes, including about ten consonants. Active revitalization is ongoing in Akwesasne and Kahnawake.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mohawk
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Iroquoian (Northern)
| Meaning | Mohawk | Oneida | Onondaga | Cayuga | Tuscarora | Yucatec Maya | Koyukon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | too /toː/ |
| Fire | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | kkonʼ /kːonʔ/ |
| Sun | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | so /so/ |
| Moon | ehníta /ehˈniːta/ | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ẽhníʔdaːʔ/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | uj /uh/ | dołtʼolee /doɬtʼoliː/ |
| Star | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | tłoonʼ /tɬoːnʔ/ |
| Night | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ | łida /ɬida/ |
| Snow | óniehte /ónjehte/ | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | — | nieve /njebe/ | tseetl /tsʰiːtɬʰ/ |
| Wind | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | — | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ | — |
| Earth | ohóntsaʼ /ohṹtsaʔ/ | ohwʌ́tsyaʼ /ohwʌ̃́tsjaʔ/ | — | ohéhdaʼ /ohéhdaʔ/ | — | luʼum /luʔum/ | ninʼ /nɪnʔ/ |
| Stone | onén:iaʼ /onʌ̃́ːjaʔ/ | onʌ:yá: /onʌ̃ːjáː/ | — | ga̱hsgwa:ʼ /ɡḁhskwaːʔ/ | — | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ | laʼona /laʔona/ |
| Mountain | onón:ta /onṹːta/ | otstʌhleʼkó /otstʌ̃hleʔkó/ | — | — | — | wiits /wiːts/ | — |
| Sea | kanientaraʼkehkó:wa /kanjʌ̃taraʔkehkóːwa/ | kanyatalá:ke /kanjataláːke/ | — | — | — | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ | — |
| Mother | istá /istá/ | aknulha /aknulha/ | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | eenaa /iːnaː/ |
| Father | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | — /—/ | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | taata /taːta/ | eetaa /iːtaː/ |
| Daughter | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | — | x aal /ʃaːl/ | — |
| I | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | teen /teːn/ | see /siː/ |
| You | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | isé /isé/ | is /is/ | i:s /iːs/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | nee /niː/ |
| We | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | — /—/ |
| Name | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | oos /oːs/ |
| Person | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | ukwé /ũkwé/ | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | — | máak /maːk/ | dinaa /dinaː/ |
| Head | onón:tsi /onṹːtsi/ | — | — | onǫ́ʼa:ʼ /onṍʔaːʔ/ | — | pool /poːl/ | -tłeeʼ /tɬiːʔ/ |
| Eye | okà:raʼ /okaːraʔ/ | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | ich /itʃ/ | -noghaʼ /noɣaʔ/ |
| Ear | ohónhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohúhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohų́hdaʼ /ohṹhdaʔ/ | — | — | xikin /ʃikin/ | — |
| Nose | oʼniónhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnyúhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | — | oʼnyǫ́hsaʼ /oʔɲṍhsaʔ/ | — | niʼ /niʔ/ | — |
| Tooth | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | koh /koh/ | aghoʼ /axoʔ/ |
| Tongue | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ | łolaʼ /ɬolaʔ/ |
| Hand | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | -loʼ /loʔ/ |
| Foot | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | ook /oːk/ | -kkaaʼ /kːaːʔ/ |
| Heart | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | -dzaayaʼ /tsæːjəʔ/ |
| Bone | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ | tlʼin /tɬʼin/ |
| Blood | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ | lakona /lakona/ |
| Poop | óʼta /óʔta/ | o:tá: /oːtáː/ | — | oʼdaʼ /oʔdaʔ/ | — | taʼ /taʔ/ | — |
| Love | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | kʼoonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ |
| Tree | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | kalu:tóteʼ /kaluːtóteʔ/ | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | kʼeyh /kʼejh/ |
| Dog | érhar /érhar/ | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ |
| Cat | takò:s /takoːs/ | takóhs /takóhs/ | takó:s /takóːs/ | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | miis /miːs/ | dotonh /dotonh/ |
| Fish | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | kay /kaj/ | tookkʼa /toːkʼa/ |
| Bird | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | — | chʼíichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | — |
| Butterfly | tsiʼktsinén:nawen /tsiʔktsinéːnawen/ | kana:wʌ́ /kanaːwʌ̃́/ | — | jiʼdana:wę: /dʒiʔdanaːwɛ̃ː/ | — | péepen /peːpen/ | — |
| Egg | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | — | jeʼ /heʔ/ | — |
| Bear | ohkwá:ri /ohkwáːri/ | ohkwa:lí /ohkwaːlí/ | — | hnyagwaiʼ /hɲaɡwaiʔ/ | uhčíhręʼ /əhtʃihɾə̃ʔ/ | oso /oso/ | sis /sis/ |
| Horse | akohsá:tens /akohsáːtʌ̃s/ | kohsa:tʌ́s /kohsaːtʌ̃́s/ | gohsádę·s /ɡohsádɛ̃ːs/ | — | — | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ | — |
| House | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | kanúhsote /kanúhsote/ | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | naj /nah/ | yah /jah/ |
| Milk | onòn:taʼ /onũːtaʔ/ | onú:taʼ /onṹːtaʔ/ | — | onǫ́ʼgwaʼ /onṍʔɡwaʔ/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | tlʼooʼ /tɬʼoːʔ/ |
| Salt | tyohyòtsis /tjohjotsis/ | teyohyó:tsis /tejohjóːdʒis/ | — | ojikeʼdaʼ /odʒikeʔdaʔ/ | — | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ | sol /sol/ |
| Wine | otsítsia /otsítsja/ | — | — | — | — | vino /bino/ | — |
| Rice | onatsakén:ra /onatsakʌ̃́ːra/ | watnʌʼʌ́:kwas /watnʌ̃ʔʌ̃́ːkwas/ | — | — | — | arroz /aros/ | — |
| Chocolate | thiákeret /tʰjáːɡeɾet/ | — | — | — | — | chukwaʼ /tʃukwaʔ/ | — |
| Iron | karístatsi /karístatsi/ | — | — | ga̱hnyǫ́ʼǫhsraʼ /ɡḁhɲṍʔõhsraʔ/ | — | máaskab /maːskab/ | — |
| Wheel | okakwenta /okakʷenta/ | — | — | węʼníhsga:ʼ /wẽʔníhsɡaːʔ/ | ukaʼneh /ukaʔneh/ | rueda /rweda/ | — |
| Silk | kà:nheks /kaːnheks/ | kaʼnhehsatʌ́sha /kaʔnhehsatʌ̃́sha/ | — | — | — | seda /seda/ | — |
| Book | kahiatónhsera /kahjatṹhsera/ | kahyatúhsliʼ /kahjatṹhsliʔ/ | — | — | — | juʼun /huʔun/ | — |
| Eat | kekhwa /kekʰwa/ | — /—/ | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | jaant /haːnt/ | kʼahonh /kʼahonh/ |
| Drink | kahnek /kahnek/ | — /—/ | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | kʼisinoonh /kʼisinoːnh/ |
| Sleep | wakí:taʼs /wakíːtaʔs/ | — | — | — | — | wenel /wenel/ | — |
| One | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | úskah /ṹskah/ | sgá:da /skáːda/ | sgá:t /skáːt/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | jun /hun/ | kʼeetakkʼee /kʼiːtakʼiː/ |
| Two | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | tékni /tékni/ | dégni /déɡni/ | dekní: /dekníː/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | niteekkʼee /nitiːkʼiː/ |
| Three | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ | tokkʼee /tokʼiː/ |
| Four | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | kayé /kajéː/ | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | géi /ɡéi/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | kan /kan/ | — |
| Five | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wísk/ | hwíks /hwíks/ | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | wísk /wisk/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | — |
| Hundred | tewenʼniáwe /tewʌ̃ʔnjáwe/ | tewʌhnyáwelu /tewʌ̃hnjáwelu/ | — | sgá:t dewę́ʼnyawe:ʼ /skáːt dewɛ̃́ʔɲaweːʔ/ | kayáhstih /kajahstih/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ | — |
| Hello | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | she:kú /sheːkú/ | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | baaseeʼ /baːseːʔ/ |
| Good | ioiánere /jojánere/ | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | nizoonh /nizoːnh/ |
| New | á:se /áːse/ | — | — | á:se:ʼ /áːseːʔ/ | — | túumben /tuːmben/ | — |
| Red | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | chak /tʃak/ | nełtseeyh /neɬtseːjh/ |
| White | karà:ken /kaɾaːken/ | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | — | sak /sak/ | — |
| Black | kahòn:tsi /kahũːtsi/ | oʼswʌ́:taʼ /oʔswʌ̃́ːtaʔ/ | — | swę́ʼda̱ʼę:ʼ /swɛ̃́ʔdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | box /boʃ/ | — |
| Green | óhonteʼ /óhũteʔ/ | awʌ:lá: /awʌ̃ːláː/ | — | onráhda̱ʼę:ʼ /onráhdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — |
| Blue | orónhia /oɾṹhja/ | olú:yaʼ /olúːjaʔ/ | — | aǫ́hyaęʼ /aṍhjaɛ̃ʔ/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — |
| Tea | tí /ti/ | — | — | odi: /odiː/ | — | té /te/ | — |
| Coffee | káwhe /ˈkawhe/ | — | — | ká:fih /káːfih/ | — | café /kafe/ | — |
| Sugar | otsikhè:ta /otsiˈkʰɛːta/ | onutákliʼ /onũtákliʔ/ | — | nawę́ʼdaʼ /nawɛ̃́ʔdaʔ/ | — | asukaar /asukaːr/ | — |
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