Mlabri
Austroasiatic (Khmuic)
Mlabri (Yumbri) is the language of one of the last hunter-gatherer groups in Southeast Asia, spoken by the so-called Phi Thong Luang ("Spirits of the Yellow Leaves"). The language and population are critically endangered.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mlabri
Sources
- Peiros, I. (2004) Genetic classification of Austro-Asiatic languages (PhD, RGGU), lexibank/peirosaustroasiatic, Mlabri. The row copies it byte for byte in ni lɛk, bɛʔ, gɛp, mla, glə, ket, mɔh, səm bɛp, mhaŋ, ʔat, khaj, hmɛʔ, lɛŋ, pha dam, bɨn liŋ, rət lat. Checked with ASJP MLABRI and Rischel (1995) Minor Mlabri (SEAlang MKCD Ris1995)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austroasiatic (Khmuic)
| Meaning | Mlabri | Proto-Austroasiatic | Khmu | Wa | Parauk Wa | Old Mon | Eastern Bru |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wək /wək/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | rawm /rɔm/ | rom /rɔm/ | ဍာက် /ɗaik/ | daak /daːk/ |
| Fire | ʔulh /ʔulh/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | ngu /ŋu/ | ngū /ŋṳ/ | ပ်ၟ /pmaʔ/ | oih /ʔoiʔ/ |
| Sun | ʔak ʒoŋ /ʔak ʒoŋ/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | singaix /siŋaiʔ/ | si ngāix /siŋa̤iʔ/ | တ္ၚဲ /tŋai/ | mat plei /mat plei/ |
| Moon | kiʔ /kiʔ/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | khix /kʰiʔ/ | kix /kʰiʔ/ | ဂျိုၚ် /klɔŋ/ | kasai /kasai/ |
| Star | sam mon /sam mon/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | simuing /simʔuɲ/ | sim uing /sim ʔuɲ/ | ကၟာဲ /həmoa/ | mansơ /mənsɤ/ |
| Night | ni lɛk /ni lɛk/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | ponsawm /ponsɔm/ | som /sɔm/ | ဗိရ္တံ /birtam/ | sadâu /sədaw/ |
| Rain | mɛʔ /mɛʔ/ | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | lhiex /l̥ɛʔ/ | hliex /lʰɛʔ/ | ဗြဲ /brɔj/ | mia /mia/ |
| Wind | ra mɨt /ra mɨt/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | bhaung /bʰaɯŋ/ | npaeng /bʰaɯŋ/ | ကျာ /kjal/ | cuyal /kujal/ |
| Earth | bɛʔ /bɛʔ/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | tiex /tɛʔ/ | diex /tɛʔ/ | တိ /tiʔ/ | cutễq /kuteʔ/ |
| Stone | gɛp /ɡɛp/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | simaox /simauʔ/ | si māox /sima̤uʔ/ | တၟံ /tmɔʔ/ | tamáu /təmaw/ |
| Mountain | ʒa bo /ʒa bo/ | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ | mok /mok/ | gawng /ɡɔŋ/ | mgōng /ɡɔ̤ŋ/ | — | cóh /kɔh/ |
| Sea | tha le /tʰa le/ | — | — | rawm sigrit sigra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | rom si mgrid si mgra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | — | dỡq mưt /dɤʔ mɨt/ |
| Mother | mɤʔ /mɤʔ/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | miex /mɛʔ/ | mīex /mɛ̤ʔ/ | မိ /mi/ | amey /amej/ |
| Father | mɤm /mɤm/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | keeing /kɯɲ/ | geeing /kɯɲ/ | ဖ /pʰɛʔ/ | amung /amuŋ/ |
| Daughter | ʔaj ʔuj /ʔaj ʔuj/ | — | — | kawn bun /kɔn bun/ | gon nbun /kɔn bun/ | — | con mansễm /kɔn mənsem/ |
| I | ʔo /ʔo/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | aux /ʔaɯʔ/ | aex /ʔaɯʔ/ | အဲ /ʔua/ | cứq /kɯʔ/ |
| You | mɛ /mɛ/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ | ဗှ်ေ /peh/ | mới /mɤːj/ |
| We | ʔa thəŋ /ʔa tʰəŋ/ | — /—/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | ix /ʔiʔ/ | — /—/ | ပိုဲ /poj/ | hái / hếq /haj / heʔ/ |
| Name | bɨr ʔi /bɨr ʔi/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | ceu kaux /tɕɤ kaɯʔ/ | jē gaex /tɕɤ̤ kaɯʔ/ | ယု /jəmu/ | ramoh /rəmɔːh/ |
| Person | mla /mla/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | gon /ɡon/ | pui /pui/ | būi /pṳi/ | ညး /mɲah/ | cũai /kuaj/ |
| Head | glə /ɡlə/ | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | kaing: /kaɲ/ | gaing /kaɲ/ | — | plỡ /plɤ/ |
| Eye | mat /mat/ | *mat /mat/ | mat /mat/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ngai /ŋai/ | မတ် /mɔt/ | mat /mat/ |
| Ear | ket /ket/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ | rəməj /rəməj/ | yhaok /j̊auk/ | hyaog /ʑʰauk/ | က္တောဝ် /ktor/ | cutũr /kutur/ |
| Nose | moh /mɔh/ | *muh /muh/ | muh /muh/ | meeih /mɯih/ | mēeih /mɯ̤ih/ | မိုဟ် /mɯh/ | muh /muh/ |
| Mouth | səm bɛp /səm bɛp/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | jheeh /dʑʰɯih/ | nqeeih /dʑʰɯih/ | ပါၚ် /paiŋ/ | bỗq /ɓoʔ/ |
| Tooth | ʒən /ʒən/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | rhang /r̥aŋ/ | hrang /rʰaŋ/ | ငေက် /ŋiak/ | kanêng /kəneŋ/ |
| Tongue | rət lat /rət lat/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | həntak /həntak/ | dak /dak/ | ndag /dak/ | ကတာက် /kətaik/ | liayh /liajh/ |
| Hand | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | taix /taiʔ/ | daix /taiʔ/ | တၟုိ /toi/ | ati /ati/ |
| Foot | ʒəŋ /ʒəŋ/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | caong /tʃaɔŋ/ | jāong /tɕa̤uŋ/ | ဇုၚ် /ɟɯŋ/ | ayững /ajɨːŋ/ |
| Heart | kluʔ klol /kluʔ klol/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | rhawm /r̥ɔm/ | hrom /rʰɔm/ | စိုတ် /cət/ | plong /ploŋ/ |
| Bone | ca ʔɛŋ /ca ʔɛŋ/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | si-ang /siʔaŋ/ | si ang /siʔaŋ/ | ဇုတ် /ɟut/ | nghang /ŋhaŋ/ |
| Blood | mhang /mhaŋ/ | *mham /mham/ | maːm /maːm/ | nham /n̥am/ | hnam /nʰam/ | ဆိမ် /cʰim/ | aham /ʔaham/ |
| Love | kraʔ /kraʔ/ | — /—/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | moh /moh/ | mōuh /mo̤h/ | ဆာန် /cʰan/ | hong /hoŋ/ |
| Tree | lam /lam/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | khaox /kʰauʔ/ | kaox /kʰauʔ/ | ဆု /tɕu/ | aleng /aleŋ/ |
| Dog | braɲ /braɲ/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | sox /soʔ/ | soux /soʔ/ | ခၠဵု /kʰlou/ | acho /atʃo/ |
| Cat | meo /meo/ | — /—/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | miao: /miau/ | miao /miau/ | ဂျိ /kluj/ | miew /mieu/ |
| Fish | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kax /kaʔ/ | gax /kaʔ/ | က /kaʔ/ | aka /ʔəka/ |
| Bird | ʔat /ʔat/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | sim /sim/ | sim /sim/ | sim /sim/ | ဂစေမ် /kəcem/ | chớm /tʃɤm/ |
| Butterfly | rɨp phɛp /rɨp pʰɛp/ | — | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | pung piang /puŋ piaŋ/ | būng bīang /pṳŋ pi̤aŋ/ | — | — |
| Egg | khay /kʰaj/ | *ktam /ktam/ | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | tawm ia /tɔm ʔia/ | dom /tɔm/ | — | tarễl /tərel/ |
| Bear | bɛk /bɛk/ | — | huəl /huəl/ | krih /krih/ | grih /krih/ | — | sacâu /sakəw/ |
| Horse | braŋ /braŋ/ | — | — | brung /bruŋ/ | nbrūng /brṳŋ/ | ချေံ /kseh/ | aséh /aseh/ |
| House | tu /tu/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | nyiex /ɲiɛʔ/ | nyīex /ɲi̤ɛʔ/ | သ္ၚိ /sŋiʔ/ | dung /duŋ/ |
| Milk | wək bo /wək bo/ | — | — | teeh /tɯih/ | deeih /tɯih/ | — | dỡq tóh /dɤʔ tɔh/ |
| Honey | — /—/ | — | — | rawm hia /rɔm hia/ | rom hia /rɔm hia/ | — | dỡq khĩal /dɤʔ kʰial/ |
| Salt | chuʌk /tʃuʌk/ | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | kih /kih/ | gīh /ki̤h/ | — | boi /ɓɔːj/ |
| Iron | lhek /lhek/ | — | cndroh /cndroh/ | lhek /l̥ek/ | hleig /lʰek/ | — | tac /tak/ |
| Book | naŋ sɨ /naŋ sɨ/ | — | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | phuk lai /pʰuk lai/ | pug lāi /pʰuk la̤i/ | — | tâm saráq /tam saraʔ/ |
| Eat | ʔə /ʔə/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | mah /mah/ | ih /ʔih/ | ih /ʔih/ | စိ /tɕiʔ/ | cha /tʃa/ |
| Drink | wək /wək/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | nyaux /ɲaɯʔ/ | nyāex /ɲa̤ɯʔ/ | သုက် /sok/ | ngoot /ŋoːt/ |
| Sleep | nɔn /nɔn/ | *ɓic /ɓic/ | sih /sih/ | it /ʔit/ | id /ʔit/ | — | bếq /ɓeʔ/ |
| One | mɔy /mɔi/ | *muːj /muːj/ | moj /moj/ | tix /tiʔ/ | dīx /ti̤ʔ/ | မွဲ /mwɛ/ | muoi /muoi/ |
| Two | bɛr /bɛːr/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | baar /baːr/ | ra /ra/ | ra /ra/ | ၜါ /ɓa/ | bar /ɓaːr/ |
| Three | pɛʼ /pɛʔ/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | loe /lɤ/ | loui /loi/ | ပိ /poi/ | pái /paːi/ |
| Four | pon /pon/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | pon /pon/ | pon /pon/ | boun /pon/ | ပန် /pan/ | pôn /põːn/ |
| Five | thɤɤŋ /tʰɤːŋ/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ | — | phuan /pʰuan/ | puan /pʰuan/ | မသုန် /msun/ | sỡng /sɤŋ/ |
| Hundred | rɔy /rɔj/ | — | — | yieh /jiɛh/ | yīeh /ʑi̤ɛh/ | ကၠံ /klɔm/ | culam /kulam/ |
| Hello | hahɔ /hahɔ/ | — /—/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | nawp nawm /nɔp nɔm/ | nob nom /nɔp nɔm/ | — /—/ | te /te/ |
| Thank you | knɔŋ /knɔŋ/ | — /—/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | bwanson /buan son/ | nbuan soun /buan son/ | — /—/ | kuhng /kuhŋ/ |
| Good | pja kle /pja kle/ | — /—/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | mhawm /m̥ɔm/ | hmom /mʰɔm/ | ခိုဟ် /kʰɔh/ | huom /huom/ |
| New | hmɛʔ /hmɛʔ/ | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | khraox /kʰrauʔ/ | kraox /kʰrauʔ/ | — | tamái /təmaj/ |
| Red | lɛŋ /lɛŋ/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | jim /jim/ | raoh /rauh/ | raoh /rauh/ | — /—/ | kusaw /kəsaw/ |
| White | bəlaak /bəlaːk/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | paing /paɲ/ | bāing /pa̤ɲ/ | ဗ္တာၚ် /bətaiŋ/ | cloc /klɔːk/ |
| Black | pha dam /pʰa dam/ | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | lūng /lṳŋ/ | — | cũm /kum/ |
| Green | bɨn liŋ /bɨn liŋ/ | — | siw /siw/ | klai /klai/ | glāi /kla̤i/ | — | ramoong /rəmɔːŋ/ |
| Blue | si fa /si fa/ | — | siːw /siːw/ | — | — | — | — |
| Sugar | nam tan /nam tan/ | — | — | nam oi: /nam ʔɔi/ | nām oi /na̤m ʔɔi/ | — | — |
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