ဘာသာ မန်
Mon
Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer, Monic)
Mon is one of the oldest documented written languages of mainland Southeast Asia, with attestations from the 6th c. CE. The Mon kingdoms of Dvaravati (6th-11th c.) and Pegu/Hanthawaddy (13th-18th c.) were major Buddhist civilizational centres of the Indian Ocean rim, and the Mon script is the direct ancestor of modern Burmese, Shan, and Lao scripts. ~1.05M speakers in Myanmar's Mon State plus ~50K in Thai refugee/descendant communities. Heavy substrate influence on Burmese phonology. Used as a teaching language in Mon State primary schools.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mon
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer, Monic)
| Meaning | Mon | Old Mon | Proto-Austroasiatic | Bahnar | Wa | Parauk Wa | Eastern Lawa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ဍာ် /ɗaik/ | ဍာက် /ɗaik/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | đak /ɗaːk/ | rawm /rɔm/ | rom /rɔm/ | lʼauem /lᵊʔaɨ̯m/ |
| Fire | ပၟတ် /kəmot/ | ပ်ၟ /pmaʔ/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | unh /uɲ/ | ngu /ŋu/ | ngū /ŋṳ/ | ngoa /ŋɔ/ |
| Sun | တ္ၚဲ /ŋoa/ | တ္ၚဲ /tŋai/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | măt ʼnăr /mat ʔnar/ | singaix /siŋaiʔ/ | si ngāix /siŋa̤iʔ/ | sngaiʼ /sᵊŋajˀ/ |
| Moon | ဂိတု /hətaoʔ/ | ဂျိုၚ် /klɔŋ/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | khei /kʰɛːj/ | khix /kʰiʔ/ | kix /kʰiʔ/ | kheʼ /kʰeʔ/ |
| Star | သၞံၚ် /hnɔŋ/ | ကၟာဲ /həmoa/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | sơnglŏng /səŋlɔŋ/ | simuing /simʔuɲ/ | sim uing /sim ʔuɲ/ | sboeng /sᵊɓəŋ/ |
| Night | ဗ္တံ /hətɔm/ | ဗိရ္တံ /birtam/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | măng /maŋ/ | ponsawm /ponsɔm/ | som /sɔm/ | ma sauem /ma saɨ̯m/ |
| Rain | ဗြဲ /pròa/ | ဗြဲ /brɔj/ | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | ʼmi /ʔmiː/ | lhiex /l̥ɛʔ/ | hliex /lʰɛʔ/ | hlaiʼ /l̥ajˀ/ |
| Wind | ကျာ /ca/ | ကျာ /kjal/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | kial /kjaːl/ | bhaung /bʰaɯŋ/ | npaeng /bʰaɯŋ/ | kaue /kaɨ̯/ |
| Earth | တိ /tɔeʔ/ | တိ /tiʔ/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | teh /tɛh/ | tiex /tɛʔ/ | diex /tɛʔ/ | — |
| Stone | တၟံ /mɔʔ/ | တၟံ /tmɔʔ/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | tơmo /təmo/ | simaox /simauʔ/ | si māox /sima̤uʔ/ | smoʼ /sᵊmoʔ/ |
| Mountain | ဒဵု /tɜ̀/ | — | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ | kông /koːŋ/ | gawng /ɡɔŋ/ | mgōng /ɡɔ̤ŋ/ | moa /mɔ/ |
| Sea | သၟာသၟိတ် /hma həmɛt/ | — | — | đak dơsĭ /ɗaːk dəsiʔ/ | rawm sigrit sigra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | rom si mgrid si mgra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | — |
| Mother | မိ /mìʔ/ | မိ /mi/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | mei /mei/ | miex /mɛʔ/ | mīex /mɛ̤ʔ/ | maʼ /maʔ/ |
| Father | အပါ /ʔəpa/ | ဖ /pʰɛʔ/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | bă /bə/ | keeing /kɯɲ/ | geeing /kɯɲ/ | pueaʼ /pɨaʔ/ |
| Daughter | ကောန်ဗြဴ /kon prɛ̀a/ | — | — | kon adruh /kɔːn ʔadruh/ | kawn bun /kɔn bun/ | gon nbun /kɔn bun/ | — |
| I | အဲ /ʔoa/ | အဲ /ʔua/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | inh /iɲ/ | aux /ʔaɯʔ/ | aex /ʔaɯʔ/ | ʔoʔ /ʔoʔ/ |
| You | ဗှေ် /pèh/ | ဗှ်ေ /peh/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | ih /ʔih/ | maix /maiʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ | maiʔ /maiʔ/ |
| We | ပိုဲ /poi/ | ပိုဲ /poj/ | — /—/ | bơn / nhon /bən / ɲon/ | ix /ʔiʔ/ | — /—/ | ʔɛ /ʔɛ/ |
| Name | ယၟု /cəmùʔ/ | ယု /jəmu/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | anĕ /anɛ/ | ceu kaux /tɕɤ kaɯʔ/ | jē gaex /tɕɤ̤ kaɯʔ/ | yum /jɔm/ |
| Person | မၞိဟ် /nìh/ | ညး /mɲah/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | bơngai /bəŋaːj/ | pui /pui/ | būi /pṳi/ | pui /puj/ |
| Head | ဍိုပ် /ɗɒp/ | — | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | kơl /kəl/ | kaing: /kaɲ/ | gaing /kaɲ/ | kany /kaɲ/ |
| Eye | မတ် /mòt/ | မတ် /mɔt/ | *mat /mat/ | mat /mat/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ʼia /ʔia̯/ |
| Ear | က္တောဝ် /kəto/ | က္တောဝ် /ktor/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ | đon /ɗɔːn/ | yhaok /j̊auk/ | hyaog /ʑʰauk/ | — |
| Nose | မိုဟ် /mùh/ | မိုဟ် /mɯh/ | *muh /muh/ | muh /muh/ | meeih /mɯih/ | mēeih /mɯ̤ih/ | maueh /maɨ̯h/ |
| Mouth | ပါၚ် /paiŋ/ | ပါၚ် /paiŋ/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ | ʼbơ̆r /ɓər/ | jheeh /dʑʰɯih/ | nqeeih /dʑʰɯih/ | ʼmboam /ʔᵊᵐbɔm/ |
| Tooth | ၚေက် /ŋɛ̀ak/ | ငေက် /ŋiak/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | sơneng /səneŋ/ | rhang /r̥aŋ/ | hrang /rʰaŋ/ | pioeng /piə̯ŋ/ |
| Tongue | လတာ် /kətaik/ | ကတာက် /kətaik/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | rơpiêt /rəpiet/ | dak /dak/ | ndag /dak/ | tak /tak/ |
| Hand | တဲ /toa/ | တၟုိ /toi/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | ti /ti/ | taix /taiʔ/ | daix /taiʔ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ |
| Foot | ဇိုၚ် /càŋ/ | ဇုၚ် /ɟɯŋ/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | tơpang jơ̆ng /təpaːŋ ɟəŋ/ | caong /tʃaɔŋ/ | jāong /tɕa̤uŋ/ | cuang /cua̯ŋ/ |
| Heart | ဂြိုဟ် /krɜ̀h/ | စိုတ် /cət/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | blei /blei/ | rhawm /r̥ɔm/ | hrom /rʰɔm/ | kavüa /kavɨa/ |
| Bone | ဇုတ် /cùt/ | ဇုတ် /ɟut/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | kơting /kətiŋ/ | si-ang /siʔaŋ/ | si ang /siʔaŋ/ | sʼang /sᵊʔaŋ/ |
| Blood | ဆီ /cʰim/ | ဆိမ် /cʰim/ | *mham /mham/ | phăm /pʰam/ | nham /n̥am/ | hnam /nʰam/ | hnam /n̥am/ |
| Poop | အိက် /ʔoik/ | — | *ʔicʔ /ʔicʔ/ | ĭch /ic/ | aing /ʔaɲ/ | aing /ʔaɲ/ | ʼioeng /ʔiə̯ŋ/ |
| Love | ဆာန် /cʰan/ | ဆာန် /cʰan/ | — /—/ | rơngư /rəŋɨ/ | moh /moh/ | mōuh /mo̤h/ | kruŋ /kɾuŋ/ |
| Tree | ဆု /cʰuʔ/ | ဆု /tɕu/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | lông /loŋ/ | khaox /kʰauʔ/ | kaox /kʰauʔ/ | khoʼ /kʰoʔ/ |
| Dog | ကၠဵု /klɜ/ | ခၠဵု /kʰlou/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | kŏ /kɔʔ/ | sox /soʔ/ | soux /soʔ/ | souʼ /sɒʔ/ |
| Cat | ဗဂဲ /həkòa/ | ဂျိ /kluj/ | — /—/ | miao /miao/ | miao: /miau/ | miao /miau/ | mai /mai/ |
| Fish | က /kaʔ/ | က /kaʔ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | ka /kaː/ | kax /kaʔ/ | gax /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ |
| Bird | ဂစေံ /həcem/ | ဂစေမ် /kəcem/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | sem /səm/ | sim /sim/ | sim /sim/ | sany /saɲ/ |
| Butterfly | ကၠော်ဂလာ /kəlok həlɛ̀a/ | — | — | — | pung piang /puŋ piaŋ/ | būng bīang /pṳŋ pi̤aŋ/ | mbung mbang /ᵐbuŋ ᵐbaŋ/ |
| Egg | ခမှဲာ /həmai/ | — | *ktam /ktam/ | kơtăp /kətap/ | tawm ia /tɔm ʔia/ | dom /tɔm/ | toum /tɒm/ |
| Bear | ကၟဳ /mɛm/ | — | — | chơgơu /tʃəɡəu/ | krih /krih/ | grih /krih/ | khleh /kʰleh/ |
| Horse | ချေံ /cʰeh/ | ချေံ /kseh/ | — | aseh /ʔasɛh/ | brung /bruŋ/ | nbrūng /brṳŋ/ | — |
| House | သ္ၚိ /hɔeʔ/ | သ္ၚိ /sŋiʔ/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | hnam /hnam/ | nyiex /ɲiɛʔ/ | nyīex /ɲi̤ɛʔ/ | nyueaʼ /ɲɨa̯ʔ/ |
| Milk | ဍာ်တှ် /ɗaik tɔh/ | — | — | đak toh /ɗaːk tɔh/ | teeh /tɯih/ | deeih /tɯih/ | — |
| Honey | ဍာ်သဲာ /ɗaik sai/ | — | — | đak sut /ɗaːk sut/ | rawm hia /rɔm hia/ | rom hia /rɔm hia/ | — |
| Salt | ၜဵု /ɓɜ/ | — | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | boh /ɓɔh/ | kih /kih/ | gīh /ki̤h/ | kih /kih/ |
| Wine | ဍာ်ဇဗျေတ် /ɗaʔ cəpjat/ | — | — | sik hơmu /sik həmu/ | rawm plix siiet /rɔm pliʔ siat/ | rom blix siad /rɔm pliʔ siat/ | — |
| Rice | သ္ၚု /haoʔ/ | — | *rŋkoːʔ /rŋkoːʔ/ | ʼba /ɓaː/ | gaox /ɡauʔ/ | mgaox /ɡauʔ/ | — |
| Iron | ဗသဲ /pəsoa/ | — | — | bơxey /bəsɛːj/ | lhek /l̥ek/ | hleig /lʰek/ | hlaec /l̥ɛc/ |
| Wheel | ခလှာ /həla/ | — | — | tang-wang /taːŋ waːŋ/ | ling: /liɲ/ | ling /liɲ/ | — |
| Silk | သုတ် /sɔt/ | — | — | — | pre /pre/ | man brēi /man pre̤/ | — |
| Book | လိက်အုပ် /lòik up/ | — | — | sơ̆p hla bơar /səp hlaː bəar/ | phuk lai /pʰuk lai/ | pug lāi /pʰuk la̤i/ | — |
| Eat | စ /cɛʔ/ | စိ /tɕiʔ/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | sa /sa/ | ih /ʔih/ | ih /ʔih/ | som /som/ |
| Drink | သုၚ် /sɜŋ/ | သုက် /sok/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | ngoah /ŋoah/ | nyaux /ɲaɯʔ/ | nyāex /ɲa̤ɯʔ/ | nyoʼ /ɲoʔ/ |
| Sleep | သ္တိက် /toik/ | — | *ɓic /ɓic/ | têp /tɛp/ | it /ʔit/ | id /ʔit/ | ʼac /ʔac/ |
| One | မွဲ /mòa/ | မွဲ /mwɛ/ | *muːj /muːj/ | minh /miɲ/ | tix /tiʔ/ | dīx /ti̤ʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Two | ၜါ /ɓa/ | ၜါ /ɓa/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | bar /ɓaːr/ | ra /ra/ | ra /ra/ | lʼa /lᵊʔa/ |
| Three | ပိ /pɔeʔ/ | ပိ /poi/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | pêng /peːŋ/ | loe /lɤ/ | loui /loi/ | lʼoi /lᵊʔoj/ |
| Four | ပန် /pɔn/ | ပန် /pan/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | puăn /pwan/ | pon /pon/ | boun /pon/ | paueng /paɨ̯ŋ/ |
| Five | မသုန် /məsɔn/ | မသုန် /msun/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ | pơđăm /pəʔɗam/ | phuan /pʰuan/ | puan /pʰuan/ | phuan /pʰua̯n/ |
| Hundred | ကၠံ /klɔm/ | ကၠံ /klɔm/ | — | hreng /hreŋ/ | yieh /jiɛh/ | yīeh /ʑi̤ɛh/ | ʼyuea /ʔᵊjɨa̯/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ô /o/ | nawp nawm /nɔp nɔm/ | nob nom /nɔp nɔm/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | သ္တၚ်ဂုန် /tɛŋ kùn/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kơbi /kəbi/ | bwanson /buan son/ | nbuan soun /buan son/ | kop khun /kop kʰun/ |
| Good | ခိုဟ် /kʰɒh/ | ခိုဟ် /kʰɔh/ | — /—/ | ʼlơ̆ng /ʔləŋ/ | mhawm /m̥ɔm/ | hmom /mʰɔm/ | mac /mac/ |
| New | တၟိ /kəmɔeʔ/ | — | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | nao /ʔnao/ | khraox /kʰrauʔ/ | kraox /kʰrauʔ/ | khroʼ /kʰroʔ/ |
| Red | ဗ္ကေတ် /həket/ | — /—/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | bre /ɓreː/ | raoh /rauh/ | raoh /rauh/ | skhrak /sᵊkʰrak/ |
| White | ဗု /pùʔ/ | ဗ္တာၚ် /bətaiŋ/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | kok /kɔːk/ | paing /paɲ/ | bāing /pa̤ɲ/ | ping /piŋ/ |
| Black | လ္စံက် /kəcɔk/ | — | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | găm /ɡam/ | lung /luŋ/ | lūng /lṳŋ/ | loang /lɔŋ/ |
| Green | ဍာပ်ဍဴ /ɗap ɗao/ | — | — | jơk /ɟəːk/ | klai /klai/ | glāi /kla̤i/ | snga /sᵊŋa/ |
| Blue | ဍီု /ɗɒm/ | — | — | jơk /ɟəːk/ | — | — | snga /sᵊŋa/ |
| Cuckoo | ကဴဝဴ /kaowao/ | — | — | jɛːt /jɛːt/ | eeppid /ʔɯp pit/ | eeb bīd /ʔɯp pi̤t/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | ဝဲါဝှာင် /wɑɪfɑɪ/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tea | ဍာ်လက်ဖက် /ɗaik ləpʰɛk/ | — | — | — | chax /tɕʰaʔ/ | qax /tɕʰaʔ/ | — |
| Coffee | ကာဖဳ /kapʰi/ | — | — | — | kha: feue: /kʰa fɤi/ | ka feui /kʰa fɤi/ | — |
| Sugar | သဂြာ /həkrɛ̀a/ | — | — | — | nam oi: /nam ʔɔi/ | nām oi /na̤m ʔɔi/ | — |
| Orange | လဴမှဴ /limao/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Page 1/10
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home