قشقایی

Qashqai

Turkic (Oghuz, South Oghuz)

FamilyTurkic (Oghuz, South Oghuz) Speakers~1.5M ScriptPerso-Arabic (Iranian convention); also Latin in scholarship — the map row is written in the Latin (Azerbaijani-style) alphabet CountriesIran (Fars Province; also Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, Isfahan, Khuzestan) Official inNo (recognized minority) ISO 639-3qxq Glottocodeqash1240

Qashqai (Qašqāyī) is a South Oghuz Turkic language spoken by the Qashqai tribal confederation of Fars Province in south-central Iran, with significant populations also in Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh-Boyer-Ahmad, Isfahan and Khuzestan. Despite being geographically isolated from the main Oghuz heartland (Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan), it is genealogically closest to Azerbaijani — sharing the Oghuz vowel harmony, agglutinative case suffixes, and personal endings — rather than to Turkish. Centuries of contact with Persian and Lori have produced extensive Iranian lexical borrowing and some calques in subordination patterns (Csató 2005). The Qashqai people remain partially nomadic, conducting one of the world's largest surviving long-distance seasonal migrations (ilraah) between summer pastures in the Zagros highlands and winter quarters in the southern lowlands. There is no codified standard orthography; Perso-Arabic is used in publications and Latin in scholarship.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Qashqai

Water

su

su

Fire

ot

ot

Sun

gün

ɟyn

Moon

ay

aj

Star

ulduz

ulduz

Night

gecə

ɡedʒæ

Snow

qar

ɡar

Stone

daş

dɑʃ

Mother

ana

ana

Father

ata

ata

Daughter

qız

ɡɯz

I

men

mæn

You

sen

sæn

We

biz

biz

Name

ad

ad

Eye

göz

ɟøz

Ear

qulağ

ɡuˈlaʁ

Nose

burun

buˈrun

Tooth

diş

diʃ

Tongue

dil

dil

Hand

el

el

Foot

ayağ

aˈjaʁ

Heart

ürek

yˈɾæc

Bone

sümük

syˈmyk

Blood

qan

qan

Love

sevgi

sevˈɟi

Tree

ağaç

aˈʁatʃ

Dog

köpek

cøˈpæc

Cat

pišik

piˈʃic

Fish

balıq

baˈlɯx

Bird

quş

quʃ

Egg

yumurta

jumurˈtɑ

Bear

ayı

ɑjɯ

House

ev

ev

Milk

süd

syd

Honey

bal

bal

Salt

duz

duz

Wine

şərab

ʃærɑb

Eat

yemek

jeˈmæc

Drink

içmek

itʃˈmæc

Sleep

yatmaq

jatˈmaq

One

bir

biɾ

Two

iki

iki

Three

üç

ytʃ

Four

dörd

dørd

Five

beş

beʃ

Hundred

yüz

jyz

Hello

salam

saˈlam

Thank you

sağ olun

sɑːʁ oˈlun

Good

yaxşı

jaxˈʃɯ

Red

qırmızı

ɡɯɾmɯˈzɯ

White

ağ

ɑʁ

Black

qara

ɡɑˈɾɑ

Orange

portağal

poɾtaˈɣal

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Turkic (Oghuz, South Oghuz)

Meaning QashqaiSouth AzerbaijaniAzerbaijaniGagauzOttoman TurkishTurkmenCrimean Tatar
Water su /su/ سو /su/ su /su/ su /su/ سو /su/ suw /suːw/ suv /suv/
Fire ot /ot/ اوْد /od/ od /od/ ateş /aˈteʃ/ آتش /aˈteʃ/ ot /oːt/ ateş /ateʃ/
Sun gün /ɟyn/ گۆنش /ɡyneʃ/ günəş /ɟynæʃ/ güneş /ɟyˈneʃ/ كونش /ɡyˈneʃ/ gün /ɡyn/ küneş /kyneʃ/
Moon ay /aj/ آی /aj/ ay /ɑj/ ay /aj/ آی /aj/ aý /ɑːj/ ay /aj/
Star ulduz /ulduz/ اولدوز /ulˈduz/ ulduz /ulˈduz/ yıldız /jɯɫˈdɯz/ یلدز /jɯlˈdɯz/ ýyldyz /jɯɫˈdɯz/ yıldız /jɯɫˈdɯz/
Night gecə /ɡedʒæ/ گئجه /ɡedʒæ/ gecə /ɡedʒæ/ gecä /ɡedʒæ/ كیجه /ɡedʒe/ gije /ɡidʒe/ gece /ɡedʒe/
Snow qar /ɡar/ قار /ɡɑɾ/ qar /ɡɑɾ/ kaar /kaːr/ قار /kaɾ/ gar /ɡar/ qar /qɑr/
Stone daş /dɑʃ/ داش /daʃ/ daş /daʃ/ taş /taʃ/ طاش /taʃ/ daş /daʃ/ taş /taʃ/
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