Seeltersk
Saterland Frisian
Indo-European (West Germanic, Frisian)
Saterland Frisian (Seeltersk) is the sole surviving descendant of medieval East Frisian (Old East Frisian), spoken by ~2.5K people in three villages of the Saterland municipality in Lower Saxony, Germany — Ramsloh (Roomelse), Strücklingen (Strukelje) and Scharrel (Skäddel). It is preserved here because Saterland was historically a moor-island isolated by inhospitable bogs from the surrounding Low German speech area. The language survived the 1500-year medieval expansion-and-loss cycle that erased East Frisian elsewhere along the German North Sea coast. Recognized as a regional language under the 1998 European Charter; UNESCO classes it as severely endangered. Distinct from West Frisian (fy, Netherlands) and North Frisian (frr, Schleswig-Holstein).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Saterland Frisian
Sources
- Ethnologue: stq
- Fort (1980) Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
- Seelter Buund (Sater Frisian Association)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (West Germanic, Frisian)
| Meaning | Saterland Frisian | West Frisian | Low German | North Frisian | West Flemish | Öömrang North Frisian | Swiss Standard German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Woater /ˈvɔːtər/ | wetter /vɛtər/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | wååder /ˈvɔːdɐ/ | woater /ˈwɔːtər/ | weeder /ˈveːdər/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ |
| Fire | Fjuur /fjuːr/ | fjoer /fjuːr/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | iilj /iːlʲ/ | vier /viːr/ | ial /ia̯l/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ |
| Sun | Sunne /ˈsʊnə/ | sinne /sɪnə/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | san /san/ | zunne /ˈzœnə/ | san /san/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ |
| Moon | Moune /ˈmoːu̯nə/ | moanne /mwɑnə/ | Maan /maːn/ | moune /ˈmɔʊ̯nə/ | moane /ˈmɔːnə/ | muun /muːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Star | Stiern /stiərn/ | stjer /stjɛr/ | Steern /steːrn/ | steer /steːr/ | sterre /ˈstærə/ | stäär /stɛːr/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ |
| Night | Noacht /nɔːxt/ | nacht /nɔxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | nåcht /nɔxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | naacht /naːxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Rain | Rien /rin/ | rein /rɛin/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | rin /rin/ | regen /ˈreːhən/ | rin /rɪn/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ |
| Snow | Snee /sneː/ | snie /sniə/ | Snee /sneː/ | snii /sniː/ | snêeuw /sneːw/ | snee /sneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Wind | Wíend /viːnd/ | wyn /vin/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | win /vɪn/ | wind /wɪnt/ | winj /vɪɲ/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Earth | Äide /ˈɛɪ̯də/ | ierde /ˈiədə/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | jard /jard/ | eirde /ˈeːrdə/ | eerd /eːrd/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ |
| Stone | Steen /steːn/ | stien /stiən/ | Steen /steːn/ | stiinj /stiːɲ/ | steen /steːn/ | stian /stiən/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Mountain | Bierich /ˈbiːrɪx/ | berch /bɛrx/ | Barg /barx/ | bärj /bɛrj/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berag /ˈberax/ | Berg /bɛrk/ |
| Sea | See /seː/ | see /seː/ | See /zeː/ | siie /ˈsiːə/ | zêe /zeː/ | sia /siɐ̯/ | Meer /meːr/ |
| Mother | Mäme /ˈmɛːmə/ | mem /mɛm/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | mam /mam/ | moeder /ˈmudər/ | mam /mam/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ |
| Father | Babe /ˈbaːbə/ | heit /hɛit/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | taatje /ˈtaːtʲə/ | voader /ˈvɔːdər/ | aatj /aːtj/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ |
| Daughter | Dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | doochter /ˈdoːxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | foomen /ˈfoːmən/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ |
| I | iek /ik/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɛk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| You | du /du/ | do /do/ | du /duː/ | dü /dʏ/ | gie /hi/ | dü /dʏ/ | du /duː/ |
| We | wie /vi/ | wy /vi/ | wi /viː/ | we /ve/ | wieder /ˈwidər/ | wi /vi/ | wir /viːr/ |
| Name | Noome /ˈnoːmə/ | namme /ˈnamə/ | Naam /naːm/ | noome /ˈnoːmə/ | noame /ˈnɔːmə/ | nööm /nøːm/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Person | Moanske /ˈmɔːnskə/ | minske /ˈmɪnskə/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | minsk /mɪnsk/ | — | mensk /mensk/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Head | Haud /haːu̯d/ | holle /ˈhɔlə/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | hood /hoːd/ | kop /kɔp/ | hood /hoːd/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ |
| Eye | Oge /ˈoːɣə/ | each /ɪəx/ | Oog /oːx/ | uug /uːx/ | ooge /ˈoːhə/ | uug /uːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ |
| Ear | Oor /oːr/ | ear /iər/ | Ohr /oːr/ | uur /ˈuːɐ̯/ | oor /oːr/ | uar /uɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ |
| Nose | Noose /ˈnoːzə/ | noas /noːs/ | Nees /neːs/ | noos /noːs/ | neuze /ˈnøːzə/ | nöös /nøːs/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ |
| Mouth | Muule /ˈmuːlə/ | mûle /ˈmuːlə/ | Muul /muːl/ | müs /myːs/ | mound /mont/ | müs /myːs/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Tooth | Tusk /tʊsk/ | tosk /tosk/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | täis /tɛɪ̯s/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tus /tus/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Tongue | Tunge /ˈtʊŋə/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋə/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | toenge /ˈtuŋə/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Hand | Hounde /ˈhoːu̯ndə/ | hân /hɔːn/ | Hand /hant/ | hönj /hœɲ/ | and /ɑnt/ | hun /hun/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Foot | Fout /foːu̯t/ | foet /fuə̯t/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | fötj /føtj/ | voet /vut/ | fut /fut/ | Fuss /fuːs/ |
| Heart | Haat /haːt/ | hert /hɛrt/ | Hart /haɐt/ | hart /hart/ | erte /ˈærtə/ | hart /hart/ | Herz /hɛrts/ |
| Bone | Bunke /ˈbʊŋkə/ | bonke /ˈbɔŋkə/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | knooke /ˈknoːkə/ | been /bɛːn/ | bian /biən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ |
| Blood | Bloud /bloːu̯d/ | bloed /blut/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | blödj /blœdʲ/ | bloed /blut/ | blüüt /blyːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Poop | Skiet /skiːt/ | kak /kɑk/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | schit /ʃɪt/ | — | skitj /skɪtʲ/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ |
| Love | Ljoowe /ˈljoːvə/ | leafde /lɪəfdə/ | Leev /leːf/ | liiwde /ˈliːwdə/ | liefde /ˈliːvdə/ | leefde /ˈleːfdə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ |
| Tree | Boom /boːm/ | beam /bɪəm/ | Boom /boːm/ | buum /buːm/ | boom /boːm/ | buum /buːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ |
| Dog | Huund /huːnd/ | hûn /huːn/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | hün /hʏn/ | hound /hont/ | hünj /hyɲ/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Cat | Kat /kat/ | kat /kɑt/ | Katt /kat/ | kåt /kɔt/ | katte /ˈkɑtə/ | kaat /kaːt/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ |
| Fish | Fisk /fɪsk/ | fisk /fɪsk/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | fasch /faʃ/ | vis /vɪs/ | fask /fask/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Bird | Fugel /ˈfuːɣəl/ | fûgel /ˈfuːɡəl/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | föögel /ˈføːɡəl/ | veugel /vøːhəl/ | fögel /ˈføːɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Butterfly | Flitterke /ˈflɪtərkə/ | flinter /ˈflɪntər/ | Sommervagel /ˈzɔmɐfaːɣəl/ | flenerk /ˈflenərk/ | — | — | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ |
| Egg | Oai /ɔːɪ̯/ | aai /aːi/ | Ei /ai/ | oi /ɔi̯/ | ei /ɛi/ | ai /aɪ̯/ | Ei /aɪ/ |
| Bear | Boar /bɔːr/ | bear /bɪər/ | Boor /boːr/ | Beer /beːr/ | beir /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ |
| Horse | Houngst /hoːu̯ŋst/ | hynder /ˈhindər/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | haingst /haɪ̯ŋst/ | peird /peːrt/ | hingst /hɪŋst/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ |
| House | Huus /huːs/ | hûs /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | hüs /hyːs/ | uus /ʏːs/ | hüs /hyːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Milk | Molk /molk/ | molke /ˈmolkə/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | molke /ˈmɔlkə/ | melk /mɛlk/ | moolk /moːlk/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Honey | Huunich /ˈhuːnɪx/ | huning /ˈhynɪŋ/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | honning /ˈhɔnɪŋ/ | zêem /zeːm/ | hönang /ˈhønaŋ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ |
| Salt | Soalt /sɔːlt/ | sâlt /sɔːlt/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | sålt /sɔlt/ | zout /zɔut/ | saalt /saːlt/ | Salz /salts/ |
| Wine | Wien /vin/ | wyn /viːn/ | Wien /viːn/ | win /vɪn/ | wyn /win/ | win /vɪn/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Rice | Ries /riːs/ | rys /ris/ | Ries /riːs/ | ris /rɪs/ | — | ris /riːs/ | Reis /raɪs/ |
| Chocolate | Sukkeloade /sʊkəˈlɔːdə/ | sûkelade /suːkəˈlaːdə/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | sakelaad /sakəˈlaːd/ | — | — | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ |
| Iron | Iersen /ˈiəzn̩/ | izer /ˈiːzər/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | iisen /ˈiːsən/ | yzer /ˈiːzər/ | — | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ |
| Wheel | Jool /juːl/ | tsjil /tsjɪl/ | Rad /raːt/ | fiilj /fiːlʲ/ | wiel /wiːl/ | wel /vel/ | Rad /raːt/ |
| Silk | — /—/ | side /ˈsidə/ | Sied /ziː/ | siisen /ˈsiːsən/ | — | — | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ |
| Book | Bouk /boːu̯k/ | boek /buk/ | Book /boːk/ | bök /bøk/ | — | buk /buk/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Eat | iete /ˈitə/ | ite /iːtə/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | ääse /ˈɛːzə/ | eetn /ˈeːtn̩/ | iidj /iːdʲ/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ |
| Drink | drinke /ˈdrɪŋkə/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | drainke /ˈdraɪ̯ŋkə/ | drienkn /ˈdriŋkn̩/ | drank /draŋk/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ |
| Sleep | släipe /ˈslɛɪpə/ | sliepe /ˈsliəpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | släipe /ˈslɛɪ̯pʰə/ | sloapn /sloːpn̩/ | sliap /sliɐ̯p/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ |
| One | aan /aːn/ | ien /iːn/ | een /eːn/ | ån /ɔn/ | êen /eːn/ | ian /iɐ̯n/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ |
| Two | twäin /tvɛɪ̯n/ | twa /twa/ | twee /tveː/ | tou /tɔʊ̯/ | twêe /tweː/ | tau /taʊ̯/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ |
| Three | trjo /trjɔ/ | trije /ˈtrijə/ | dree /dreː/ | trii /triː/ | drie /driː/ | trii /triː/ | drei /draɪ̯/ |
| Four | fjauer /ˈfjaːu̯ər/ | fjouwer /ˈfjɔuər/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | fjouer /ˈfçɔʊ̯ɐ/ | — | fjauer /ˈfjauər/ | vier /fiːr/ |
| Five | fieuw /fiu̯/ | fiif /fiːf/ | fief /fiːf/ | fiiw /fiːv/ | vuuf /vyːf/ | fiiw /fiːw/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Hundred | hunnert /ˈhʊnərd/ | hûndert /ˈhuːndərt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hunert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | — | hunert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ |
| Hello | Moin /mɔy̯n/ | hoi /hɔi/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | moin /mɔin/ | goeiendag /ˌhujənˈdɑh/ | gudai /ˈɡudaɪ̯/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ |
| Thank you | Tonk /tɔŋk/ | tankewol /tɑŋkəvɔl/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | toonk /toːŋk/ | merci /mɛrˈsi/ | toonk /toːŋk/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ |
| Good | goud /ɣoːu̯d/ | goed /ɡuət/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | gödj /ɡœdʲ/ | goed /hut/ | gud /ɡʊd/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| New | näi /nɛɪ̯/ | nij /nɛi/ | nee /neː/ | nai /naɪ̯/ | nieuw /niːw/ | — | neu /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Red | rood /roːd/ | read /rɪət/ | root /roːt/ | rüüdj /ryːdʲ/ | rood /roːt/ | rüüd /ryːd/ | rot /roːt/ |
| White | wiet /vit/ | wyt /viːt/ | witt /vɪt/ | wit /vɪt/ | wit /wit/ | witj /vitj/ | weiss /vaɪs/ |
| Black | swot /svɔt/ | swart /svart/ | swart /svart/ | suurt /suːrt/ | zwort /zwɔrt/ | suart /suɐ̯t/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ |
| Green | gräin /ɣrɛɪ̯n/ | grien /ɡriən/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | gräin /ɡrɛɪ̯n/ | groene /ˈhrunə/ | green /ɡreːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ |
| Blue | blau /blaːu̯/ | blau /blau/ | blau /blaʊ/ | ween /veːn/ | — | blä /blɛː/ | blau /blaʊ/ |
| Cuckoo | Kukuuk /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | Kukuk /ˈkuːkuk/ | Kukütj /kuˈkytj/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | kukütj /kuˈkytj/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ |
| Computer | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | kompjûter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | kompjuuter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | kompjuuter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ |
| Tea | Tee /teː/ | tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | — | thee /teː/ | tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ |
| Coffee | Koafje /ˈkɔːfjə/ | kofje /ˈkɔfjə/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | kafe /ˈkafə/ | kaffie /ˈkɑfi/ | kofe /ˈkɔfə/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ |
| Sugar | Sukker /ˈsʊkər/ | sûker /ˈsuːkər/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | — | suyker /ˈsykər/ | — | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ |
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