Frasch
North Frisian
Indo-European
North Frisian (Frasch in Mooring dialect) is a West Germanic language of the Frisian branch, spoken by around 10,000 people across the North Frisian Islands and the Nordfriesland district of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is one of three surviving Frisian languages (alongside West Frisian fy in the Netherlands and Saterland Frisian stq in Lower Saxony). Linguistically, North Frisian is split into nine highly divergent traditional dialects — Söl'ring (Sylt), Fering (Föhr), Öömrang (Amrum), Halunder (Helgoland), Mooring (mainland), and others — to the extent that mutual intelligibility between island and mainland varieties is limited. The language preserves archaic Anglo-Frisian features (Anglo-Frisian brightening, palatalization of velars before front vowels) shared with Old English. The Nordfriisk Instituut in Bredstedt has been the principal documentation and revitalization body since 1965.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in North Frisian
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European
| Meaning | North Frisian | Öömrang North Frisian | Saterland Frisian | Low German | West Frisian | Limburgish | Belgian Dutch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wååder /ˈvɔːdɐ/ | weeder /ˈveːdər/ | Woater /ˈvɔːtər/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | wetter /vɛtər/ | water /vatər/ | water /waːtər/ |
| Fire | iilj /iːlʲ/ | ial /ia̯l/ | Fjuur /fjuːr/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | fjoer /fjuːr/ | vuur /vyːr/ | vuur /vyːr/ |
| Sun | san /san/ | san /san/ | Sunne /ˈsʊnə/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | sinne /sɪnə/ | zón /zɔn/ | zon /zɔn/ |
| Moon | moune /ˈmɔʊ̯nə/ | muun /muːn/ | Moune /ˈmoːu̯nə/ | Maan /maːn/ | moanne /mwɑnə/ | maon /maːʊn/ | maan /maːn/ |
| Star | steer /steːr/ | stäär /stɛːr/ | Stiern /stiərn/ | Steern /steːrn/ | stjer /stjɛr/ | sjter /ʃtɛr/ | ster /stɛr/ |
| Night | nåcht /nɔxt/ | naacht /naːxt/ | Noacht /nɔːxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | nacht /nɔxt/ | nach /nax/ | nacht /nɑxt/ |
| Rain | rin /rin/ | rin /rɪn/ | Rien /rin/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | rein /rɛin/ | Rään /rɛːn/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ |
| Snow | snii /sniː/ | snee /sneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | snie /sniə/ | sjnee /ʃneː/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ |
| Wind | win /vɪn/ | winj /vɪɲ/ | Wíend /viːnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | wyn /vin/ | wind /vɪnt/ | wind /wɪnt/ |
| Earth | jard /jard/ | eerd /eːrd/ | Äide /ˈɛɪ̯də/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | ierde /ˈiədə/ | eerd /eːrt/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ |
| Stone | stiinj /stiːɲ/ | stian /stiən/ | Steen /steːn/ | Steen /steːn/ | stien /stiən/ | steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ |
| Mountain | bärj /bɛrj/ | berag /ˈberax/ | Bierich /ˈbiːrɪx/ | Barg /barx/ | berch /bɛrx/ | berg /ˈbɛrəç/ | berg /bɛrx/ |
| Sea | siie /ˈsiːə/ | sia /siɐ̯/ | See /seː/ | See /zeː/ | see /seː/ | zieë /ziə/ | zee /zeː/ |
| Mother | mam /mam/ | mam /mam/ | Mäme /ˈmɛːmə/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | mem /mɛm/ | mam /mam/ | moeder /mudər/ |
| Father | taatje /ˈtaːtʲə/ | aatj /aːtj/ | Babe /ˈbaːbə/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | heit /hɛit/ | pap /pap/ | vader /vaːdər/ |
| Daughter | doochter /ˈdoːxtər/ | foomen /ˈfoːmən/ | Dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /dɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ |
| I | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | iek /ik/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪç/ | ik /ɪk/ |
| You | dü /dʏ/ | dü /dʏ/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | do /do/ | doe /du/ | gij /ɣɛi/ |
| We | we /ve/ | wi /vi/ | wie /vi/ | wi /viː/ | wy /vi/ | veer /veːr/ | wij /wɛi/ |
| Name | noome /ˈnoːmə/ | nööm /nøːm/ | Noome /ˈnoːmə/ | Naam /naːm/ | namme /ˈnamə/ | naam /naːm/ | naam /naːm/ |
| Person | minsk /mɪnsk/ | mensk /mensk/ | Moanske /ˈmɔːnskə/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | minske /ˈmɪnskə/ | Minsch /minʃ/ | mens /mɛns/ |
| Head | hood /hoːd/ | hood /hoːd/ | Haud /haːu̯d/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | holle /ˈhɔlə/ | kop /kɔp/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ |
| Eye | uug /uːx/ | uug /uːx/ | Oge /ˈoːɣə/ | Oog /oːx/ | each /ɪəx/ | oug /ɔux/ | oog /oːx/ |
| Ear | uur /ˈuːɐ̯/ | uar /uɐ̯/ | Oor /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | ear /iər/ | oear /uər/ | oor /oːr/ |
| Nose | noos /noːs/ | nöös /nøːs/ | Noose /ˈnoːzə/ | Nees /neːs/ | noas /noːs/ | naas /naːs/ | neus /nøːs/ |
| Mouth | müs /myːs/ | müs /myːs/ | Muule /ˈmuːlə/ | Muul /muːl/ | mûle /ˈmuːlə/ | móndj /mʊɲɟ/ | mond /mɔnt/ |
| Tooth | täis /tɛɪ̯s/ | tus /tus/ | Tusk /tʊsk/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | tosk /tosk/ | tandj /tantʃ/ | tand /tɑnt/ |
| Tongue | Tung /tʊŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | Tunge /ˈtʊŋə/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋə/ | tóng /tɔŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ |
| Hand | hönj /hœɲ/ | hun /hun/ | Hounde /ˈhoːu̯ndə/ | Hand /hant/ | hân /hɔːn/ | handj /hanʲ/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ |
| Foot | fötj /føtj/ | fut /fut/ | Fout /foːu̯t/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | foet /fuə̯t/ | voot /voːt/ | voet /vut/ |
| Heart | hart /hart/ | hart /hart/ | Haat /haːt/ | Hart /haɐt/ | hert /hɛrt/ | hart /hart/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ |
| Bone | knooke /ˈknoːkə/ | bian /biən/ | Bunke /ˈbʊŋkə/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | bonke /ˈbɔŋkə/ | knaok /knɔːk/ | bot /bɔt/ |
| Blood | blödj /blœdʲ/ | blüüt /blyːt/ | Bloud /bloːu̯d/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | bloed /blut/ | blood /bloːt/ | bloed /blut/ |
| Poop | schit /ʃɪt/ | skitj /skɪtʲ/ | Skiet /skiːt/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | kak /kɑk/ | poep /pup/ | poep /pup/ |
| Love | liiwde /ˈliːwdə/ | leefde /ˈleːfdə/ | Ljoowe /ˈljoːvə/ | Leev /leːf/ | leafde /lɪəfdə/ | leefde /leːfdə/ | liefde /lifdə/ |
| Tree | buum /buːm/ | buum /buːm/ | Boom /boːm/ | Boom /boːm/ | beam /bɪəm/ | boum /bʌʊm/ | boom /boːm/ |
| Dog | hün /hʏn/ | hünj /hyɲ/ | Huund /huːnd/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | hûn /huːn/ | hóndj /hɔnʲ/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ |
| Cat | kåt /kɔt/ | kaat /kaːt/ | Kat /kat/ | Katt /kat/ | kat /kɑt/ | kat /kat/ | kat /kɑt/ |
| Fish | fasch /faʃ/ | fask /fask/ | Fisk /fɪsk/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | fisk /fɪsk/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /vɪs/ |
| Bird | föögel /ˈføːɡəl/ | fögel /ˈføːɡəl/ | Fugel /ˈfuːɣəl/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | fûgel /ˈfuːɡəl/ | veugel /ˈvøːɣəl/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ |
| Butterfly | flenerk /ˈflenərk/ | — | Flitterke /ˈflɪtərkə/ | Sommervagel /ˈzɔmɐfaːɣəl/ | flinter /ˈflɪntər/ | kapel /kaˈpɛl/ | vlinder /ˈvlɪndər/ |
| Egg | oi /ɔi̯/ | ai /aɪ̯/ | Oai /ɔːɪ̯/ | Ei /ai/ | aai /aːi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ |
| Bear | Beer /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ | Boar /bɔːr/ | Boor /boːr/ | bear /bɪər/ | beer /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ |
| Horse | haingst /haɪ̯ŋst/ | hingst /hɪŋst/ | Houngst /hoːu̯ŋst/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | hynder /ˈhindər/ | Péërt /peə̯rt/ | paard /paːrt/ |
| House | hüs /hyːs/ | hüs /hyːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | hûs /huːs/ | hoes /huːs/ | huis /ɦœys/ |
| Milk | molke /ˈmɔlkə/ | moolk /moːlk/ | Molk /molk/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | molke /ˈmolkə/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ |
| Honey | honning /ˈhɔnɪŋ/ | hönang /ˈhønaŋ/ | Huunich /ˈhuːnɪx/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | huning /ˈhynɪŋ/ | honing /ˈhoːnɪŋ/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ |
| Salt | sålt /sɔlt/ | saalt /saːlt/ | Soalt /sɔːlt/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | sâlt /sɔːlt/ | zout /zɔut/ | zout /zɔut/ |
| Wine | win /vɪn/ | win /vɪn/ | Wien /vin/ | Wien /viːn/ | wyn /viːn/ | wien /ʋiːn/ | wijn /wɛin/ |
| Rice | ris /rɪs/ | ris /riːs/ | Ries /riːs/ | Ries /riːs/ | rys /ris/ | ries /riːs/ | rijst /rɛist/ |
| Chocolate | sakelaad /sakəˈlaːd/ | — | Sukkeloade /sʊkəˈlɔːdə/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | sûkelade /suːkəˈlaːdə/ | sjoekelaat /ʃukəˈlaːt/ | chocolade /ʃoːkoːˈlaːdə/ |
| Iron | iisen /ˈiːsən/ | — | Iersen /ˈiəzn̩/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | izer /ˈiːzər/ | iezer /ˈiːzər/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ |
| Wheel | fiilj /fiːlʲ/ | wel /vel/ | Jool /juːl/ | Rad /raːt/ | tsjil /tsjɪl/ | wiel /ʋiːl/ | wiel /wiːl/ |
| Silk | siisen /ˈsiːsən/ | — | — /—/ | Sied /ziː/ | side /ˈsidə/ | ziej /ziː/ | zijde /ˈzɛidə/ |
| Book | bök /bøk/ | buk /buk/ | Bouk /boːu̯k/ | Book /boːk/ | boek /buk/ | book /boːk/ | boek /buk/ |
| Eat | ääse /ˈɛːzə/ | iidj /iːdʲ/ | iete /ˈitə/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | ite /iːtə/ | ete /eːtə/ | eten /eːtən/ |
| Drink | drainke /ˈdraɪ̯ŋkə/ | drank /draŋk/ | drinke /ˈdrɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ |
| Sleep | släipe /ˈslɛɪ̯pʰə/ | sliap /sliɐ̯p/ | släipe /ˈslɛɪpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | sliepe /ˈsliəpə/ | slaope /ˈslɔːpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpən/ |
| One | ån /ɔn/ | ian /iɐ̯n/ | aan /aːn/ | een /eːn/ | ien /iːn/ | eine /ɛɪnə/ | een /eːn/ |
| Two | tou /tɔʊ̯/ | tau /taʊ̯/ | twäin /tvɛɪ̯n/ | twee /tveː/ | twa /twa/ | twee /tweː/ | twee /tweː/ |
| Three | trii /triː/ | trii /triː/ | trjo /trjɔ/ | dree /dreː/ | trije /ˈtrijə/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ |
| Four | fjouer /ˈfçɔʊ̯ɐ/ | fjauer /ˈfjauər/ | fjauer /ˈfjaːu̯ər/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | fjouwer /ˈfjɔuər/ | veer /veːr/ | vier /viːr/ |
| Five | fiiw /fiːv/ | fiiw /fiːw/ | fieuw /fiu̯/ | fief /fiːf/ | fiif /fiːf/ | vief /viːf/ | vijf /vɛif/ |
| Hundred | hunert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hunert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnərd/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hûndert /ˈhuːndərt/ | hóndert /ˈhɔndərt/ | honderd /ˈɦɔndərt/ |
| Hello | moin /mɔin/ | gudai /ˈɡudaɪ̯/ | Moin /mɔy̯n/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | hoi /hɔi/ | hallo /halo/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ |
| Thank you | toonk /toːŋk/ | toonk /toːŋk/ | Tonk /tɔŋk/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | tankewol /tɑŋkəvɔl/ | merci /mɛrsi/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ |
| Good | gödj /ɡœdʲ/ | gud /ɡʊd/ | goud /ɣoːu̯d/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | goed /ɡuət/ | good /ɡoːt/ | goed /ɣut/ |
| New | nai /naɪ̯/ | — | näi /nɛɪ̯/ | nee /neː/ | nij /nɛi/ | nuuj /nyːj/ | nieuw /niːw/ |
| Red | rüüdj /ryːdʲ/ | rüüd /ryːd/ | rood /roːd/ | root /roːt/ | read /rɪət/ | road /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ |
| White | wit /vɪt/ | witj /vitj/ | wiet /vit/ | witt /vɪt/ | wyt /viːt/ | wit /ʋɪt/ | wit /wɪt/ |
| Black | suurt /suːrt/ | suart /suɐ̯t/ | swot /svɔt/ | swart /svart/ | swart /svart/ | zwart /zʋart/ | zwart /zwɑrt/ |
| Green | gräin /ɡrɛɪ̯n/ | green /ɡreːn/ | gräin /ɣrɛɪ̯n/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | grien /ɡriən/ | greun /ɡrøːn/ | groen /ɣrun/ |
| Blue | ween /veːn/ | blä /blɛː/ | blau /blaːu̯/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blau/ | blauw /blɑu/ | blauw /blɑu/ |
| Cuckoo | Kukütj /kuˈkytj/ | kukütj /kuˈkytj/ | Kukuuk /ˈkukuk/ | Kukuk /ˈkuːkuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | kókkók /ˈkoːkoːk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ |
| Computer | kompjuuter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | kompjuuter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | kompjûter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ |
| Coffee | kafe /ˈkafə/ | kofe /ˈkɔfə/ | Koafje /ˈkɔːfjə/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | kofje /ˈkɔfjə/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ |
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