Tupinambá / Nhe'engatú
Tupinambá
Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) · historical / hidden variety
Tupinambá (Old Tupi) was the dominant indigenous language of the Brazilian coast at European contact and the basis of the Jesuit Língua Geral that served as Brazil's colonial lingua franca into the 18th century. Typologically Tupi-Guarani: agglutinative, head-marking, with active-stative alignment and pervasive nasal harmony; its first grammar (Anchieta, 1595) is the earliest description of any South American language. It survives lexically in thousands of Brazilian Portuguese loanwords and place-names (Ipanema, Paraná, jaguar, piranha).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tupinambá
Sources
- Anchieta, José de (1595) Arte de Grammatica da Lingoa Mais Usada na Costa do Brasil. Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz.
- Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (1998/2013) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. São Paulo: Global.
- Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna (1981) Estrutura do Tupinambá. In Lenguas Indígenas de America del Sur.
- Barbosa, A. Lemos (1956) Curso de Tupi Antigo. Rio de Janeiro: São José.
- Glottolog: Tupinamba
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III)
| Meaning | Tupinambá | Nheengatu | Guaraní | Mbyá Guaraní | Xavante | Maguindanao | Pontic Greek |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ʼy /ʔɨ/ | ií /iˈʔi/ | y /ɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | â /ə/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | νερόν /neˈron/ |
| Fire | tatá /taˈta/ | tatá /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /taˈta/ | uzâ /uˈzə/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | φωτία /foˈtia/ |
| Sun | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuaray /kʷaɾaˈɨ/ | bâdâ /bəˈdə/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | ήλος /ˈilos/ |
| Moon | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | jaxy /ʒaˈʃɨ/ | aʼamo /aʔaˈmɔ/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | φέγγος /ˈfeŋɡos/ |
| Star | jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ | yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ | mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ | jaxy tata /ʒaʃɨ taˈta/ | wasi /waˈsi/ | bitun /biˈtun/ | άστρον /ˈastron/ |
| Night | pytuna /pɨtuna/ | pituna /pituna/ | pyhare /pɨhaɾe/ | pytũ /pɨtũ/ | mara /maɾa/ | magabi /maɡabi/ | νύχταν /ˈnixtan/ |
| Rain | amana /amaˈna/ | amana /amana/ | ama /ˈama/ | oky /okɨ/ | tã /tã/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | βροχή /vroˈçi/ |
| Snow | amanarypyʼoka /ãmãnaɾɨpɨˈʔɔka/ | — | yrypyʼa veve /ɨɾɨpɨʔa veve/ | yroʼy apĩgue /ɨɾoʔɨ apĩŋɡwe/ | — | — | χιόν /çon/ |
| Wind | ybytu /ɨβɨˈtu/ | iwitú /iwiˈtu/ | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | rowaʼu /ɾɔwaˈʔu/ | endu /ʔənˈdu/ | άνεμον /ˈanemon/ |
| Earth | yby /ɨˈβɨ/ | yby /ɨβɨ/ | yvy /ɨvɨ/ | yvy /ɨˈvɨ/ | tiʼa /tiˈʔa/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | γη /ʝi/ |
| Stone | itá /iˈta/ | itá /iˈta/ | ita /iˈtaʔ/ | ita /ita/ | ẽne /ɛ̃ˈne/ | watu /waˈtu/ | λιθάρ /liˈθar/ |
| Sea | paranã /paɾãˈnã/ | paranawasú /paɾanawaˈsu/ | para /paˈɾa/ | yeʼẽ /ɨeˈʔẽ/ | â poré /ə pɔɾɛ/ | lagat /ˈlaɡat/ | θάλασσα /ˈθalasa/ |
| Mother | sy /sɨ/ | manha /ˈmaɲa/ | sy /sɨ/ | xy /ʃɨ/ | dana /daˈna/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | μάνα /ˈmana/ |
| Father | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | paiá /paja/ | túva /tuva/ | tuu /tuu/ | damama /damaˈma/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | κύρης /ˈciɾis/ |
| Daughter | tajyra /taˈjɨɾa/ | tayera /tajeˈɾa/ | tajýra /taˈdʒɨɾa/ | tajy /taˈʒɨ/ | daʼra sipiʼõ /daʔɾa sipiʔɔ̃/ | wata babay /wata babaj/ | θεγατέρα /θeɣaˈteɾa/ |
| I | ixé /iˈʃɛ/ | ixé /iˈʃe/ | che /ʃe/ | xee /ʃeː/ | wa /wa/ | saki /saki/ | εγώ /eˈɣo/ |
| You | endé /ẽˈdɛ/ | indé /ĩˈde/ | nde /nde/ | ndee /ndeː/ | a /a/ | seka /səka/ | εσύ /eˈsi/ |
| We | îandé / oré /ɲãˈdɛ / oˈɾɛ/ | yandé /jãˈde/ | ñande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | nhande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | wa norĩ /wa noɾĩ/ | sekitanu / sekami /səkitanu / səkami/ | εμείς /eˈmis/ |
| Name | tera /ˈteɾa/ | sera /seˈɾa/ | téra /ˈtera/ | tery /teɾɨ/ | danhisi /daɲiˈsi/ | ngala /ŋala/ | όνεμαν /ˈoneman/ |
| Person | abá /aˈβa/ | mira /miɾa/ | yvypóra /ɨʋɨˈpoɾa/ | — | aʼuwẽ /aʔuˈwɛ̃/ | taw /taw/ | άθρωπος /ˈaθropos/ |
| Head | akanga /aˈkãŋa/ | akanga /akaŋa/ | akã /aˈkã/ | akã /aˈkã/ | daʼrã /daʔɾã/ | ulu /ˈʔulu/ | κιφάλ /ciˈfal/ |
| Eye | t-esá /teˈsa/ | sesa /sesa/ | tesa /tesa/ | esa /esa/ | dato /daˈtɔ/ | mata /maˈta/ | ομμάτιν /omˈmatin/ |
| Ear | nambi /nãbi/ | nambi /nambi/ | nambi /nãmbi/ | nambi /nambi/ | dapoʼre /dapɔˈʔɾe/ | tangila /taˈŋila/ | ωτίν /oˈtin/ |
| Nose | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | xĩ /ʃĩ/ | danhisiʼre /daɲisiˈʔɾe/ | ngilung /ˈŋiluŋ/ | μύτ /mit/ |
| Mouth | îuru /juˈɾu/ | juru /juɾu/ | juru /dʒuˈɾu/ | juru /ʒuˈɾu/ | dapẽʼẽ /dapɛ̃ˈʔɛ̃/ | ngali /ˈŋali/ | στόμαν /ˈstoman/ |
| Tooth | aĩa /ãia/ | sanya /saɲa/ | tãi /tãj/ | taĩ /tãj/ | daʼwa /daˈʔwa/ | ngipen /ŋipen/ | οδόντιν /oˈðondin/ |
| Tongue | apekũ /apekũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | kũ /kũ/ | kũ /kũ/ | danhoto /daɲɔˈtɔ/ | dila /dila/ | γλώσσα /ˈɣlosa/ |
| Hand | pó /po/ | pó /po/ | po /po/ | po /po/ | danhibʼrada /daɲibʔɾaˈda/ | lima /liˈma/ | χέρ /xer/ |
| Foot | py /pɨ/ | pí /pi/ | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | dapara /dapaˈɾa/ | ai /ʔai/ | ποδάρ /poˈðar/ |
| Heart | nheʼã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | piá /piˈa/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | pyʼa /pɨˈʔa/ | dasiri /dasiˈɾi/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | καρδία /karˈðia/ |
| Bone | kanga /kaˈŋa/ | kãwera /kãweɾa/ | kangue /kãŋɡwe/ | kãgue /kãŋɡwe/ | dahi /daˈhi/ | tulan /tuˈlan/ | οστούδιν /oˈstuðin/ |
| Blood | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuwi /tuwi/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | dawapru /dawaˈpɾu/ | lugu /luɡuʔ/ | αίμαν /ˈeman/ |
| Poop | tepoti /tepoˈti/ | tiputí /tipuˈti/ | tepoti /tepoti/ | — | danhana /daɲaˈna/ | tahi /ˈtahi/ | κακά /kaˈka/ |
| Love | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | saysu /sajsu/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | mborayvu /mboɾaɨvu/ | danhimizawi pese zé /daɲimizawi pese zɛ/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | αγάπην /aˈɣapin/ |
| Tree | ybyʼrá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | mirá /miˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨˈɾa/ | wede /weˈde/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | δεντρόν /ðenˈdron/ |
| Dog | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | jagua /dʒaɡuˈa/ | wapsã /wapˈsã/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | σκύλος /ˈskilos/ |
| Cat | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | pixana /piʃana/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | xiviʼi /ʃiviˈʔi/ | — /—/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | γάτα /ˈɣata/ |
| Fish | pirá /piˈɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | pira /piɾa/ | pira /piɾa/ | tebe /tebe/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ | οψάριν /oˈpsarin/ |
| Bird | gûyrá /ɡʷɨˈɾa/ | wirá /wiˈɾa/ | guyra /ɡʷɨɾa/ | guyra /ɡɨˈɾa/ | sire /siˈɾe/ | papanuk /papaˈnuk/ | πουλίν /puˈlin/ |
| Butterfly | panam /paˈnam/ | panapana /panapana/ | panambi /panaˈmbi/ | popo /popo/ | piro /piˈɾɔ/ | paro-paro /paroˈparo/ | πεταλήτρα /petaˈlitra/ |
| Egg | s-upiʼa /supiˈʔa/ | supiá /supiˈa/ | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | siʼaʼre /siʔaˈʔɾe/ | leman /ləˈman/ | ωβό /oˈvo/ |
| Horse | kabaru /kaβaˈɾu/ | kawarú /kawaˈɾu/ | kavaju /kaʋaˈdʒu/ | kavaju /kavaˈʒu/ | awaru /awaˈɾu/ | kuda /kuda/ | άλογον /ˈaloɣon/ |
| House | oka /ˈoka/ | oka /oka/ | óga /oɡa/ | o /o/ | ʼri /ʔɾi/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | οσπίτιν /oˈspitin/ |
| Milk | kamby /kambɨ/ | kambí /kamˈbi/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | hâiwaʼu /həiwaˈʔu/ | gatas /ɡaˈtas/ | γάλαν /ˈɣalan/ |
| Honey | eíra /eˈiɾa/ | íra /ˈiɾa/ | eirete /eiɾeˈte/ | ei /ei/ | ropĩ /ɾɔˈpĩ/ | teneb /təˈnəb/ | μέλ /mel/ |
| Salt | îukyra /juˈkɨɾa/ | yukira /jukiɾa/ | juky /dʒuˈkɨ/ | juky /ʒuˈkɨ/ | sa /sa/ | timus /ˈtimus/ | άλας /ˈalas/ |
| Wheel | ybyrapararanga /ɨβɨɾapaɾaˈɾãŋa/ | — | rruéda /ruˈeda/ | ruéda /ɾuˈeda/ | — | tilikan /tiliˈkan/ | ρόδα /ˈroða/ |
| Book | kûatiara /kʷatiˈaɾa/ | papera /paˈpeɾa/ | aranduka /aɾanduˈka/ | kuaxia para /kuaˈʃia paɾa/ | ĩbaihâ /ĩbaiˈhə/ | libru /ˈlibɾu/ | βιβλίον /viˈvlion/ |
| Eat | ʼu /ʔu/ | mbaú /mbaˈu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | karu /kaɾu/ | tisa /tiˈsa/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | τρώγω /ˈtɾoɣo/ |
| Drink | ʼu /ʔu/ | u /u/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | hâʼrẽ /həˈʔɾɛ̃/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | πίνειν /ˈpinin/ |
| Sleep | ker /keɾ/ | kéri /keɾi/ | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | nhono /ɲɔˈnɔ/ | tulug /ˈtuluɡ/ | κοιμούμαι /ciˈmume/ |
| One | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | yepé /jepe/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | peteĩ /peteˈĩ/ | misi /miˈsi/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | εν /en/ |
| Two | mokõi /moˈkõj/ | mukũi /muˈkũĩ/ | mokõi /mokõĩ/ | mokoĩ /mokõˈĩ/ | maparane /mapaɾaˈne/ | dua /duwa/ | δύο /ˈðio/ |
| Three | mosapyr /mosaˈpɨɾ/ | musapíri /musapiˈɾi/ | mbohapy /mbohaˈpɨ/ | mboapy /mboaˈpɨ/ | siʼubdatõ /siʔubdaˈtɔ̃/ | telu /təluʔ/ | τρία /ˈtria/ |
| Four | oîoirundyk /ɔjɔiɾũˈⁿdɨk/ | irundi /iɾunˈdʒi/ | irundy /iɾuˈdɨ/ | irundy /iɾunˈdɨ/ | maparane siʼuiwa /mapaɾane siʔuiwa/ | pat /pat/ | τέσσερα /ˈtesera/ |
| Five | ambó /ãˈᵐbo/ | pú /pu/ | po /po/ | po /po/ | ĩmrotõ /ĩmɾɔˈtɔ̃/ | lima /lima/ | πέντε /ˈpende/ |
| Hello | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | aguyjeve te /aɡʷɨdʒɛˈβɛtɛ/ | — /—/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | καλημέρα /kaliˈmera/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | kuekatú /kwekaˈtu/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | haʼevete /haʔevete/ | — /—/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | ευχαριστώ /efxariˈsto/ |
| Good | katu /kaˈtu/ | katu /katu/ | porã /poɾã/ | porã /poˈɾã/ | ĩwẽ /ĩˈwɛ̃/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | καλό /kaˈlo/ |
| New | pysasu /pɨsaˈsu/ | pisasú /pisaˈsu/ | pyahu /pɨaˈhu/ | pyau /pɨˈau/ | ĩté /ĩˈtɛ/ | bagu /baˈɡu/ | καινούρ /ceˈnur/ |
| Red | pirang /piɾaŋ/ | piranga /piˈɾaŋa/ | pytã /pɨtã/ | pytã /pɨtã/ | ĩpré /ĩˈpɾɛ/ | maliga /maˈliɡa/ | κόκκινον /ˈkocinon/ |
| White | ting /tiŋ/ | tinga /tiŋa/ | morotĩ /moɾoˈtĩ/ | xiĩ /ʃiˈĩ/ | ĩʼa /ĩˈʔa/ | maputi /maputiʔ/ | άσπρον /ˈaspron/ |
| Black | pixun /piʃun/ | pixuna /piʃuna/ | hũ /hũ/ | hũ /hũ/ | ĩʼrãdâ /ĩʔɾãˈdə/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ | μαύρον /ˈmavron/ |
| Green | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | hovyũ /hoʋɨˈʔũ/ | ovy /ovɨ/ | ĩʼuzé /ĩʔuˈzɛ/ | gadung /ˈɡaduŋ/ | πράσινον /ˈprasinon/ |
| Cuckoo | anũ /ãˈnũ/ | anú /aˈnu/ | anó /aˈno/ | — | — | — | κούκος /ˈkukos/ |
Page 1/9
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home