Mbyá Guaraní
Tupian (Tupí-Guaraní)
Mbyá Guaraní (ISO 639-3: gun) is a vulnerable Tupí–Guaraní language spoken by Mbyá communities across Paraguay, southern and southeastern Brazil, Misiones Province in Argentina, and parts of Uruguay. Its speakers maintain networks across the Atlantic Forest region, and the language remains central to religious practice, oral tradition, and community identity. Mbyá is distinct from Paraguayan Guaraní and from Ñandeva, although all belong to the Guaranian subgroup; published estimates place the native-speaking population in the tens of thousands. Its sound system has six oral vowels /a e i o u ɨ/ with nasal counterparts and pervasive nasal harmony, while regional orthographies use the Latin script with some country-specific differences.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mbyá Guaraní
Sources
- Dooley, Robert A. 2016 (2006), Léxico Guarani, Dialeto Mbyá: Guarani–Português, SIL International / Brasília (archive.org lexico-guarani-guarani-portugues-08-2016); Mbyá Guaraní Bible (bible.com version 1066); en.wiktionary Mbya Guarani lemmas (Dooley-based)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Tupian (Tupí-Guaraní)
| Meaning | Mbyá Guaraní | Guaraní | Tupinambá | Nheengatu | Portuguese | Macanese Portuguese | Cape Verdean Portuguese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | y /ɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ʼy /ʔɨ/ | ií /iˈʔi/ | água /ˈaɡwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ |
| Fire | tata /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /taˈta/ | tatá /tata/ | fogo /ˈfoɡu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ |
| Sun | kuaray /kʷaɾaˈɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | sol /sɔɫ/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔɫ/ |
| Moon | jaxy /ʒaˈʃɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ |
| Star | jaxy tata /ʒaʃɨ taˈta/ | mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ | jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ | yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ʃˈtɾelɐ/ |
| Night | pytũ /pɨtũ/ | pyhare /pɨhaɾe/ | pytuna /pɨtuna/ | pituna /pituna/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojte/ |
| Rain | oky /okɨ/ | ama /ˈama/ | amana /amaˈna/ | amana /amana/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ |
| Snow | yroʼy apĩgue /ɨɾoʔɨ apĩŋɡwe/ | yrypyʼa veve /ɨɾɨpɨʔa veve/ | amanarypyʼoka /ãmãnaɾɨpɨˈʔɔka/ | — | neve /nɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ |
| Wind | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | ybytu /ɨβɨˈtu/ | iwitú /iwiˈtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ |
| Earth | yvy /ɨˈvɨ/ | yvy /ɨvɨ/ | yby /ɨˈβɨ/ | yby /ɨβɨ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ |
| Stone | ita /ita/ | ita /iˈtaʔ/ | itá /iˈta/ | itá /iˈta/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛdɾɐ/ |
| Mountain | yvyty /ɨvɨˈtɨ/ | yvyty /ɨʋɨˈtɨ/ | — | iwitera /iwiteɾa/ | montanha /mõˈtaɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ |
| Sea | yeʼẽ /ɨeˈʔẽ/ | para /paˈɾa/ | paranã /paɾãˈnã/ | paranawasú /paɾanawaˈsu/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ |
| Mother | xy /ʃɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | manha /ˈmaɲa/ | mãe /mɐ̃j/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ |
| Father | tuu /tuu/ | túva /tuva/ | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | paiá /paja/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ |
| Daughter | tajy /taˈʒɨ/ | tajýra /taˈdʒɨɾa/ | tajyra /taˈjɨɾa/ | tayera /tajeˈɾa/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ |
| I | xee /ʃeː/ | che /ʃe/ | ixé /iˈʃɛ/ | ixé /iˈʃe/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ |
| You | ndee /ndeː/ | nde /nde/ | endé /ẽˈdɛ/ | indé /ĩˈde/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| We | nhande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | ñande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | îandé / oré /ɲãˈdɛ / oˈɾɛ/ | yandé /jãˈde/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ |
| Name | tery /teɾɨ/ | téra /ˈtera/ | tera /ˈteɾa/ | sera /seˈɾa/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ |
| Head | akã /aˈkã/ | akã /aˈkã/ | akanga /aˈkãŋa/ | akanga /akaŋa/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈβesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ |
| Eye | esa /esa/ | tesa /tesa/ | t-esá /teˈsa/ | sesa /sesa/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ |
| Ear | nambi /nambi/ | nambi /nãmbi/ | nambi /nãbi/ | nambi /nambi/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ |
| Nose | xĩ /ʃĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /naˈɾiʃ/ |
| Mouth | juru /ʒuˈɾu/ | juru /dʒuˈɾu/ | îuru /juˈɾu/ | juru /juɾu/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ |
| Tooth | taĩ /tãj/ | tãi /tãj/ | aĩa /ãia/ | sanya /saɲa/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽte/ |
| Tongue | kũ /kũ/ | kũ /kũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwa/ |
| Hand | po /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | pó /po/ | mão /mɐ̃w/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ |
| Foot | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | pí /pi/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ |
| Heart | pyʼa /pɨˈʔa/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | nheʼã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | piá /piˈa/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ |
| Bone | kãgue /kãŋɡwe/ | kangue /kãŋɡwe/ | kanga /kaˈŋa/ | kãwera /kãweɾa/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ |
| Blood | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuwi /tuwi/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡe/ |
| Love | mborayvu /mboɾaɨvu/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | saysu /sajsu/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ |
| Tree | yvyra /ɨvɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | ybyʼrá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | mirá /miˈɾa/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ |
| Dog | jagua /dʒaɡuˈa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | cão /kɐ̃w/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ |
| Cat | xiviʼi /ʃiviˈʔi/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | pixana /piʃana/ | gato /ɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ɡatu/ |
| Fish | pira /piɾa/ | pira /piɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ |
| Bird | guyra /ɡɨˈɾa/ | guyra /ɡʷɨɾa/ | gûyrá /ɡʷɨˈɾa/ | wirá /wiˈɾa/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ |
| Butterfly | popo /popo/ | panambi /panaˈmbi/ | panam /paˈnam/ | panapana /panapana/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ |
| Egg | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | s-upiʼa /supiˈʔa/ | supiá /supiˈa/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ |
| Bear | kaguare-jagua /kaɡuaɾeʒaɡuˈa/ | óso /ˈoso/ | — | ursu /uɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ |
| Horse | kavaju /kavaˈʒu/ | kavaju /kaʋaˈdʒu/ | kabaru /kaβaˈɾu/ | kawarú /kawaˈɾu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ |
| House | o /o/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /ˈoka/ | oka /oka/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ |
| Milk | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kambí /kamˈbi/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejte/ |
| Honey | ei /ei/ | eirete /eiɾeˈte/ | eíra /eˈiɾa/ | íra /ˈiɾa/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ |
| Salt | juky /ʒuˈkɨ/ | juky /dʒuˈkɨ/ | îukyra /juˈkɨɾa/ | yukira /jukiɾa/ | sal /saɫ/ | sal /sal/ | sal /saɫ/ |
| Wine | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | víno /ˈʋino/ | — | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ |
| Rice | aroi /aɾoˈi/ | arro /aˈro/ | — | — | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ |
| Iron | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | itakandua /itakanˈdua/ | — | feru /ˈfeɾu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ |
| Wheel | ruéda /ɾuˈeda/ | rruéda /ruˈeda/ | ybyrapararanga /ɨβɨɾapaɾaˈɾãŋa/ | — | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | séda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ |
| Book | kuaxia para /kuaˈʃia paɾa/ | aranduka /aɾanduˈka/ | kûatiara /kʷatiˈaɾa/ | papera /paˈpeɾa/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ |
| Eat | karu /kaɾu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | mbaú /mbaˈu/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ |
| Drink | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | u /u/ | beber /bɨˈbeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ |
| Sleep | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | ker /keɾ/ | kéri /keɾi/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ |
| One | peteĩ /peteˈĩ/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | yepé /jepe/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ |
| Two | mokoĩ /mokõˈĩ/ | mokõi /mokõĩ/ | mokõi /moˈkõj/ | mukũi /muˈkũĩ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ |
| Three | mboapy /mboaˈpɨ/ | mbohapy /mbohaˈpɨ/ | mosapyr /mosaˈpɨɾ/ | musapíri /musapiˈɾi/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ |
| Four | irundy /iɾunˈdɨ/ | irundy /iɾuˈdɨ/ | oîoirundyk /ɔjɔiɾũˈⁿdɨk/ | irundi /iɾunˈdʒi/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ |
| Five | po /po/ | po /po/ | ambó /ãˈᵐbo/ | pú /pu/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ |
| Hundred | cem /sẽj̃/ | sa /sa/ | — | papasawa /papaˈsawa/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ |
| Hello | aguyjeve te /aɡʷɨdʒɛˈβɛtɛ/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ |
| Thank you | haʼevete /haʔevete/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | — /—/ | kuekatú /kwekaˈtu/ | obrigado /obɾiˈɡadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣaðu/ |
| Good | porã /poˈɾã/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /kaˈtu/ | katu /katu/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ |
| New | pyau /pɨˈau/ | pyahu /pɨaˈhu/ | pysasu /pɨsaˈsu/ | pisasú /pisaˈsu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ |
| Red | pytã /pɨtã/ | pytã /pɨtã/ | pirang /piɾaŋ/ | piranga /piˈɾaŋa/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /veɾˈmeʎu/ |
| White | xiĩ /ʃiˈĩ/ | morotĩ /moɾoˈtĩ/ | ting /tiŋ/ | tinga /tiŋa/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ |
| Black | hũ /hũ/ | hũ /hũ/ | pixun /piʃun/ | pixuna /piʃuna/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ |
| Green | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovyũ /hoʋɨˈʔũ/ | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | verde /ˈveɾðɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ |
| Blue | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovy /hoʋɨ/ | — | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ | azul /ɐˈzul/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ |
| Orange | narã /naˈɾã/ | narã /naˈɾã/ | — | — | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ |
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