ChiTumbuka
Tumbuka
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu)
Tumbuka (ChiTumbuka) is a Bantu language spoken in northern Malawi and parts of Zambia. It is closely related to Chichewa but distinct enough to be considered a separate language; it serves as a major regional lingua franca.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tumbuka
makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi
makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji
Sources
- en.wiktionary Tumbuka lemmas (Turner 1996 Tumbuka-Tonga-English dictionary refs); New Tumbuka Bible (bible.com version 1961) and Mazgu gha Chiuta 1981 (bible.com 4776)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu)
| Meaning | Tumbuka | Chewa | Sena | Shona | Manyika | Bemba | Ndau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | maji /madʒi/ | madzi /madzi/ | madzi /madzi/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ |
| Fire | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ |
| Sun | zuŵa /zuβa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuva /zuva/ |
| Moon | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ |
| Star | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ |
| Night | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Rain | vula /ˈvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Snow | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ | neve /neve/ | sinoo /sinoː/ | — | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | chando /tʃando/ |
| Wind | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | umwela /umwela/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ |
| Earth | dongo /doŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ | mataka /mataka/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | ivhu /iβu/ |
| Stone | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ | mwala /mwala/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | buwe /buwe/ |
| Mountain | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ |
| Sea | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | bara /bara/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | bemba /bemba/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ |
| Mother | amama /amama/ | amayi /amaji/ | mai /mai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amai /amai/ |
| Father | adada /adada/ | abambo /abambo/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | bataata /bataːta/ | baba /baba/ |
| Daughter | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ |
| I | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ini /ini/ |
| You | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| We | ise /ise/ | ife /ife/ | ife /ife/ | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | isusu /isusu/ |
| Name | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | ishina /iʃina/ | zina /zina/ |
| Person | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munhu /munʰu/ |
| Head | mutu /mutu/ | mutu /mutu/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | soro /soro/ |
| Eye | jiso /dʒiso/ | diso /diso/ | diso /diso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | dziso /dziso/ |
| Ear | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | nzee /nzee/ |
| Nose | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | umona /umona/ | miro /miro/ |
| Mouth | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | muromo /muromo/ |
| Tooth | jino /dʒino/ | dzino /dzino/ | dzino /dzino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | ilino /ilino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Tongue | lulimi /lulimi/ | lilime /lilime/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ |
| Hand | woko /woko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ | nkono /nkono/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | nyara /ɲara/ |
| Foot | lundi /lundi/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | tsoka /tsoka/ | — | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | tsoka /tsoka/ |
| Heart | mtima /m̩tima/ | mtima /mtima/ | ntima /ntima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ |
| Bone | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | fupa /fupa/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ |
| Blood | ndopa /ndopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ |
| Poop | mavi /mavi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | amafi /amafi/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ |
| Love | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | rudo /ɾudo/ |
| Tree | khuni /kʰuni/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | muti /muti/ |
| Dog | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | galu /ɡalu/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | chona /tʃona/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ | paka /paka/ | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kiti /kiti/ |
| Fish | somba /somba/ | nsomba /nsomba/ | omba /omba/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | isabi /isabi/ | hove /hove/ |
| Bird | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | shiri /ʃiri/ |
| Butterfly | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ | — | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | berepeswa /beɾepeswa/ |
| Egg | sumbi /sumbi/ | dzira /dzira/ | dzai /dzai/ | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | ilini /ilini/ | zanda /zanda/ |
| Horse | hachi /hatʃi/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | hachi /hatʃi/ |
| House | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ |
| Milk | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ |
| Honey | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Salt | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | mchere /mtʃere/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Wine | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | vhini /vini/ |
| Rice | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ |
| Chocolate | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | xokolati /ʃokolati/ | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ | — | — | — |
| Iron | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ | utale /utale/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | simbi /simbi/ |
| Wheel | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ | roda /roda/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /βiri/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | vhiri /viɾi/ |
| Silk | siliki /siliki/ | silika /silika/ | seda /seda/ | sirika /sirika/ | siriki /siriki/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | sirika /siɾika/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | bhuku /buku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | tsamba /tsamba/ |
| Eat | kurya /kuɾja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ |
| Drink | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Sleep | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kuata /kuata/ |
| One | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ | posi /posi/ | potsi /potsi/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ |
| Two | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | awiri /awiri/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | fibili /fibili/ | piri /piɾi/ |
| Three | vitatu /vitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| Four | vinayi /vinaji/ | zinayi /zinaji/ | pinai /pinai/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | fine /fine/ | ina /ina/ |
| Five | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | sanu /sanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ |
| Hundred | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Hello | monire /moniɾe/ | moni /moni/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | makadii /makadiː/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ |
| Thank you | yewo /jewo/ | zikomo /zikomo/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | maita /maita/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | natotela /natotela/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ |
| Good | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | kanaka /kanaka/ |
| New | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | tsva /tsva/ |
| Red | swesi /swesi/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ | funga /funɡa/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ |
| White | tuŵa /tuβa/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ | cena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | buuta /buːta/ | chena /tʃena/ |
| Black | fipa /fipa/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ | psipa /psipa/ | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | fiita /fiːta/ | svipa /svipa/ |
| Green | biriŵiri /biɾiβiɾi/ | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | — | girini /ɡirini/ | — | katapa /katapa/ | — |
| Blue | bululu /bululu/ | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | — | bhuluu /buluː/ | — | — | — |
| Computer | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| Tea | tiyi /tiji/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ | xaya /ʃaja/ | tii /tiː/ | — | tii /tiː/ | — |
| Coffee | khofi /kʰofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kafe /kafe/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ |
| Sugar | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | xuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sikiri /sikiɾi/ |
| Orange | olenji /olendʒi/ | lalanje /lalandʒe/ | laranja /larandʒa/ | ranjisi /randʒisi/ | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ |
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