Batsʼi kʼop
Tzotzil
Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan)
Tzotzil (Bats'i k'op) is a Mayan language native to the highlands of Chiapas. The pre-Hispanic name "Bats'i k'op" means "true language." It is closely related to Tzeltal, with which it forms the Tzeltalan branch.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tzotzil
Sources
- Haviland, John B. 2009. Zinacantán Tzotzil vocabulary. In Haspelmath & Tadmor (eds.), World Loanword Database
- Tzotzil de Chamula New Testament (ebible.org tzotzc); Tzotzil Zinacantán New Testament (ebible.org tzoZNT)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan)
| Meaning | Tzotzil | Tzeltal | Tojolabal | Chol | Tabasco Chontal | Classical Maya | Q'anjob'al |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fire | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ |
| Sun | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ |
| Moon | u /ʔu/ | u /u/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uw /uw/ | ä /æ/ | uh /uh/ | ixaw /iʂaw/ |
| Star | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /eːkʼ/ | txʼumel /ʈʂʼumel/ |
| Night | akʼubal /akʼubal/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ | akʼäb /akʼɨb/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | aqʼbʼalil /aqʼɓalil/ |
| Rain | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | — | jaʼal /haʔal/ | — | haʼal /haʔal/ | nabʼ /naɓ/ |
| Snow | taiv /taiv/ | — | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | — | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | — | chew /tʃew/ |
| Wind | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | — | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | kaqʼeʼ /kaqʼeʔ/ |
| Earth | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | kab /kab/ | txʼotxʼ /ʈʂʼoʈʂʼ/ |
| Stone | ton /ton/ | ton /ton/ | ton /ton/ | xajlel /ʃahlel/ | jiʼtun /hiʔtun/ | tuun /tuːn/ | chʼen /tʃʼen/ |
| Mountain | vits /vits/ | wits /wits/ | wits /wits/ | wits /wits/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | witz /wits/ | witz /wits/ |
| Sea | nab /naɓ/ | mar /mar/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | ñajb /ɲahɓ/ | nab /nab/ | kʼahkʼ nab /kʼahkʼ nab/ | txutxaʼ /ʈʂuʈʂaʔ/ |
| Mother | meʼ /meʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | nan /nan/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | mim /mim/ |
| Father | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | mam /mam/ |
| Daughter | tzeb /tseɓ/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | ixikʼal /iʃikʼal/ | jixik chʼok /hiʃik tʃʼok/ | — | kutzʼin /kutsʼin/ |
| I | voʼon /voʔon/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | noʼon /noʔon/ | hiin /hiːn/ | ayin /ʔajin/ |
| You | voʼot /voʔot/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ | neʼet /neʔet/ | hat /hat/ | hach /hatʃ/ |
| We | voʼotik / voʼonkutik /voʔotik / voʔonkutik/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ | noʼonla /noʔonla/ | — /—/ | ayonh /ʔajoŋ/ |
| Name | biil /ɓiːl/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaˈɓaʔ/ | bʼi /ɓi/ |
| Person | krixchano /kriʃtʃano/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | winkil /winkil/ | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ | winik /winik/ | winik /winik/ | anima /anima/ |
| Head | jolol /holol/ | jol /hol/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | jol /hol/ | pam /pam/ | jol /hol/ | jolom /xolom/ |
| Eye | sat /sat/ | sit /sit/ | satej /sateh/ | wut /wut/ | wich /witʃ/ | ut /ut/ | sat /sat/ |
| Ear | chikinil /tʃikinil/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | txikin /ʈʂikin/ |
| Nose | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | txam /ʈʂam/ |
| Mouth | e /e/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ |
| Tooth | tanal eal /tanal ʔeal/ | ehal /ehal/ | ex /eʃ/ | ej /eh/ | ej /eh/ | eh /eh/ | eʼ /eʔ/ |
| Tongue | okʼ /ʔokʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /aʔkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Hand | kʼob /kʼoɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ | kʼäb /kʼɨb/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Foot | okol /ʔokol/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ook /oːk/ | aqan /aqan/ |
| Heart | oʼon /ʔoʔon/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | altzil /altsil/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ |
| Bone | bak /ɓak/ | bak /ɓak/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | bäk /ɓɨk/ | bak /ɓak/ | baak /ɓaːk/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ |
| Blood | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | chikʼ /tʃikʼ/ |
| Poop | tzoʼ /tsoʔ/ | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | — | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ |
| Love | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | yaah /jaːh/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ |
| Tree | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Dog | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | wichuʼ /witʃuʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | txʼiʼ /ʈʂʼiʔ/ |
| Cat | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | ajmis /ahmis/ | miis /miːs/ | mes /mes/ |
| Fish | choy /tʃoj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | chäy /tʃɨj/ | buchʼ /butʃʼ/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ |
| Bird | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ |
| Butterfly | pepen /pepen/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | pejpem /pehpem/ | ajpempem /ahpempem/ | — | tzolol /tsolol/ |
| Egg | tanal /tanal/ | tomut /tomut/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | tumut /tumut/ | säktokʼ /sɨktokʼ/ | — | jos /xos/ |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | kawu /kawu/ | cawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ | tzimim /tsimim/ | — | chej /tʃex/ |
| House | na /na/ | na /na/ | naj /nah/ | otyot /otjot/ | otot /otot/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | na /na/ |
| Milk | lech /letʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ | leche /letʃe/ | — | — |
| Honey | ajapom /ahapom/ | chab /tʃab/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — | yalkabʼ /jalkaɓ/ |
| Salt | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | — | atzʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Wine | vino /vino/ | vino /bino/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /bino/ |
| Rice | aros /aros/ | — | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | arus /aɾus/ | arroz /aros/ | — | — |
| Chocolate | chokolate /tʃokolate/ | — | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | tzatzal takʼin /tsatsal takʼin/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | — | palib /palib/ | — | — |
| Wheel | karos /karos/ | — | rweda /rweda/ | — | rueda /rweda/ | — | rueda /rweda/ |
| Silk | xela /ʃela/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — |
| Book | vun /vun/ | jun /hun/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /hun/ | huun /huːn/ | un /un/ |
| Eat | veʼel /veʔel/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | lo /lo/ |
| Drink | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ucʼ /utsʼ/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uku /uku/ |
| Sleep | vay /vaj/ | way /waj/ | wayel /wajel/ | wäyel /wɨjel/ | wäye /wɨje/ | way /waj/ | way /waj/ |
| One | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Two | chib /tʃiɓ/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Three | oxib /ʔoʃiɓ/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | oxe /oʃe/ | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ | ux /uʃ/ | ox /oʃ/ | oxebʼ /oʂeɓ/ |
| Four | chanib /tʃaniɓ/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ | chane /tʃane/ | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ | chan /tʃan/ | kan /kan/ | kanebʼ /kaneɓ/ |
| Five | voʼob /voʔoɓ/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | hoʼ /hoʔ/ | oyebʼ /ojeɓ/ |
| Hundred | joʼvinik /hoʔvinik/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | joʼkʼal /hoʔkʼal/ | cien /sjen/ | — | okʼal /okʼal/ |
| Hello | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | kawal /kawal/ |
| Thank you | kolaval /kolaval/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | yuj /juh/ | wokox /wokoʃ/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ |
| Good | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | utsat /utsat/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | utz /uts/ | watxʼ /waʈʂʼ/ |
| New | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | tsijiʼ /tsihiʔ/ | tzijib /tsihib/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Red | tzajal /tsahal/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | chak /tʃak/ | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | chak /tʃak/ | kaq /kaq/ |
| White | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ | säk /sæk/ | sak /sak/ | saq /saq/ |
| Black | ikʼal /ikʼal/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | — | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Green | yaxal /jaʃal/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yax /jaʂ/ |
| Blue | yox /joʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | — | yax /jaʂ/ |
| Computer | komputadora /komputadora/ | komputadora /komputadora/ | computadora /komputadora/ | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | — | — | — |
| Tea | te /te/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | — | — | — |
| Coffee | kajve /kahve/ | kajpel /kahpel/ | kajpe /kahpe/ | kajpe /kahpe/ | — | — | — |
| Sugar | asuka /ʔasuka/ | sakil asukal /sakil asukal/ | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | asukal /asukal/ | — | — | — |
| Orange | alaxa /alaʃa/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | naranja /naranha/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | aranxax /aranʃaʃ/ | — | china /tʃina/ |
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