Brummie
rumpun Indo-Eropa (Barat Germanik, Inggris)
Brummie adalah nama lokal untuk bahasa Inggris yang dikaitkan dengan Birmingham, sedangkan tuturan Black Country di dekatnya berkerabat tetapi berbeda dan tidak semestinya dianggap sebagai dialek yang sama. Bahasa Inggris Birmingham bervariasi di dalam kota serta menurut etnisitas, usia, kelas, dan gaya, dengan mencerminkan pola West Midlands lama dan migrasi berikutnya. Ciri vokal yang sering dijelaskan mencakup diftong FACE yang bergeser secara lokal dan vokal PRICE serta CHOICE yang dekat atau tumpang tindih; sebagian penutur menyatukan FOOT dan STRUT, tetapi yang lain membedakannya, sehingga penyebutan mutlak sebagai ragam “utara” menyesatkan. Tuturan tradisional juga dapat mempertahankan /ɡ/ setelah /ŋ/ dalam kata seperti singer dan memakai kosakata lokal termasuk babby “bayi” dan mom. Brummie bersifat nonrotik dan ditulis dengan ejaan Inggris biasa; citra publiknya yang sering negatif mencerminkan stereotip sosial, bukan kekurangan linguistik.
Tempat dituturkan
87 kata inti dalam Brummie
Sumber
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain dalam klasifikasi yang sama: rumpun Indo-Eropa (Barat Germanik, Inggris)
| Arti | Brummie | Bahasa Inggris Manchester | Geordie | Scouse | Bahasa Inggris Yorkshire | Bahasa Inggris Estuari | Bahasa Inggris West Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːt̪sə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ |
| Api | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ |
| Matahari | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Bulan | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Bintang | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ |
| Malam | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Hujan | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ |
| Salju | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ |
| Angin | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Tanah | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ |
| Batu | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ |
| Gunung | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ |
| Laut | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Ibu | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ |
| Ayah | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ |
| Anak perempuan | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːt̪sə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ |
| Saya | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Kamu | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Kita | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nama | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ |
| Orang | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ |
| Kepala | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Mata | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Telinga | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪːə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ |
| Hidung | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ |
| Mulut | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Gigi | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Lidah | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Tangan | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Kaki | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt̪s/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Hati | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt̪s/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ |
| Tulang | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ |
| Darah | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Pup | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Cinta | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Pohon | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Anjing | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɣ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Kucing | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat̪s/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kat/ |
| Ikan | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Burung | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kupu-kupu | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊt̪səflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ |
| Telur | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Beruang | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ |
| Kuda | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ |
| Rumah | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Susu | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Madu | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Garam | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Anggur | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Beras | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Cokelat | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət̪s/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Besi | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ |
| Roda | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Sutra | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buku | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | — | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Makan | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt̪s/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Minum | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋx/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Tidur | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Satu | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Dua | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tiga | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Empat | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ |
| Lima | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Seratus | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| Halo | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ |
| Terima kasih | ta /taː/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /ta/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Baik | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Baru | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Merah | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Putih | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Hitam | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ |
| Hijau | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Biru | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Burung kangkok | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Guk guk | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kukuruyuk | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Komputer | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Susyi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Teh | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kopi | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Gula | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ |
| Jeruk | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamin | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ |
| Tanda @ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ |
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