Jamaican English
Bahasa Inggris Jamaika
Germanik
Bahasa Inggris Jamaika Baku (lokal en-JM; kode proyek en_jam) adalah bentuk baku lokal bahasa Inggris di Jamaika. Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa resmi negara tersebut, dan ragam ini menjadi bentuk utama dalam pemerintahan, pendidikan formal, hukum, serta media berita nasional. Ragam ini hidup berdampingan dengan bahasa Kreol Jamaika, atau Patwa, bahasa Kreol tersendiri yang berleksikon Inggris; tuturan Jamaika sering digambarkan sebagai kontinuum di antara keduanya, tetapi keduanya tidak boleh dianggap sama. Pelafalan mencerminkan kontak ini dan berbeda menurut situasi serta penutur; kecenderungan umum meliputi kerotikan yang bervariasi, pengurangan vokal tanpa tekanan yang relatif sedikit, vokal STRUT yang dinaikkan atau dibulatkan, serta ritme dan intonasi khas. Tata bahasa dan ejaan formal tetap dekat dengan bahasa Inggris baku lainnya dan terutama mengikuti kaidah Britania, sedangkan kosakata serta penggunaan sehari-hari memuat bentuk Jamaika yang telah mapan. Kebanyakan orang Jamaika menguasai lebih dari satu bagian repertoar ini dan berganti gaya sesuai konteks.
Tempat dituturkan
87 kata inti dalam bahasa Inggris Jamaika
Sumber
- Devonish, Hubert & Otelemate G. Harry 2004, "Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 964–984 (via en.wikipedia "Jamaican English"); Wells 1982, Accents of English vol. 3, §10.2
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain dalam klasifikasi yang sama: Germanik
| Arti | Bahasa Inggris Jamaika | Bahasa Inggris Ghana | Bahasa Inggris Nigeria | Bahasa Inggris Kenya | Bahasa Inggris Malaysia | Geordie | Bahasa Inggris Wales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Api | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Matahari | sun /sɵn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Bulan | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Bintang | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Malam | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Hujan | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Salju | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Angin | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Tanah | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Batu | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Gunung | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Laut | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Ibu | mother /ˈmɵðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Ayah | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Anak perempuan | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Saya | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Kamu | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Kita | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nama | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Orang | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kepala | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Mata | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Telinga | ear /iːa/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Hidung | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Gigi | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Lidah | tongue /tɵŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Tangan | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæn/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Kaki | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Hati | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Tulang | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Darah | blood /blɵd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Pup | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Cinta | love /lɵv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Pohon | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Anjing | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Kucing | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Ikan | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Burung | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kupu-kupu | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Telur | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Beruang | bear /beːɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Kuda | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Rumah | house /hɵʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Susu | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Madu | honey /ˈhɵni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Garam | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Anggur | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Beras | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Besi | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Roda | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Sutra | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buku | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Makan | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Minum | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Tidur | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Satu | one /wɵn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Dua | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tiga | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /θɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Empat | four /foː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Lima | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Seratus | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Halo | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Terima kasih | thank you /taŋk juː/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Baik | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Baru | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Merah | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Putih | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Hitam | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Hijau | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Biru | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Burung kangkok | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Guk guk | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kukuruyuk | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Komputer | computer /komˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Susyi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Teh | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kopi | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Gula | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Jeruk | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamin | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| Tanda @ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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