Malaysian English
Bahasa Inggris Malaysia
Germanik
Bahasa Inggris Malaysia (MyE; tag bahasa en-MY) mencakup varietas bahasa Inggris yang digunakan secara luas sebagai bahasa kedua atau tambahan di tengah masyarakat multibahasa Malaysia. Ragam ini berkembang terutama dari bahasa Inggris Britania masa kolonial melalui kontak dengan bahasa Melayu, bahasa-bahasa Sinitik, Tamil, dan bahasa lain. Pemakaiannya berkisar dari Bahasa Inggris Malaysia Baku yang formal dan tetap dekat dengan norma internasional serta Britania, hingga bentuk percakapan setempat yang sering disebut Manglish; penutur mudah berganti laras, sedangkan akrolek, mesolek, dan basilek merupakan titik deskriptif dalam kontinum ini. Pelafalannya sering nonrotik dan relatif berirama suku kata, dengan kemungkinan penyederhanaan gugus konsonan akhir dan aspirasi yang lebih lemah pada bunyi hambat nirsuara, tetapi polanya berbeda menurut wilayah, etnis, kemahiran, dan keformalan. Tuturan sehari-hari memakai kosakata lokal dan partikel penanda sikap seperti lah, meh, dan lor. Bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa nasional dan resmi, sedangkan bahasa Inggris tetap menonjol dalam perdagangan dan industri, pendidikan tinggi dan swasta, ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, serta media.
Tempat dituturkan
87 kata inti dalam bahasa Inggris Malaysia
Sumber
- Baskaran, Loga 2004, "Malaysian English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter (not consulted this round; LOT fixes rest on row-internal evidence); en.wiktionary English lemmas
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain dalam klasifikasi yang sama: Germanik
| Arti | Bahasa Inggris Malaysia | Bahasa Inggris Ghana | Bahasa Inggris Nigeria | Bahasa Inggris Singapura | Bahasa Inggris Kenya | Bahasa Inggris | Bahasa Inggris Jamaika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Api | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fajə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Matahari | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɵn/ |
| Bulan | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Bintang | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| Malam | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Hujan | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /reːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| Salju | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| Angin | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Tanah | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ |
| Batu | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Gunung | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ |
| Laut | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Ibu | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɵðə/ |
| Ayah | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| Anak perempuan | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Saya | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Kamu | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Kita | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nama | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Orang | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kepala | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Mata | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Telinga | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /iːa/ |
| Hidung | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noʊs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ |
| Mulut | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | — |
| Gigi | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ |
| Lidah | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɵŋ/ |
| Tangan | hand /hæn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hɛn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Kaki | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Hati | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hat/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Tulang | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Darah | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɵd/ |
| Pup | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ |
| Cinta | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɵv/ |
| Pohon | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Anjing | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| Kucing | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kɛt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ |
| Ikan | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Burung | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kupu-kupu | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ |
| Telur | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Beruang | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beːɹ/ |
| Kuda | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Rumah | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hɵʊs/ |
| Susu | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Madu | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɵni/ |
| Garam | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Anggur | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Beras | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Cokelat | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | — |
| Besi | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈajən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Roda | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Sutra | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buku | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Makan | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Minum | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Tidur | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Satu | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɵn/ |
| Dua | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tiga | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹi/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹiː/ |
| Empat | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ |
| Lima | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Seratus | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ |
| Halo | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello lah /hɛlo lɑː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| Terima kasih | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /taŋk juː/ |
| Baik | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Baru | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nju/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Merah | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Putih | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Hitam | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blɛk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ |
| Hijau | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Biru | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Burung kangkok | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Guk guk | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kukuruyuk | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Komputer | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /komˈpjuːta/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Susyi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Teh | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kopi | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Gula | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Jeruk | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamin | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ |
| Tanda @ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /ɛt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ |
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