isiNdebele
남부 은데벨레어
대서양-콩고(반투어군, 응구니어군)
남부 은데벨레어(isiNdebele)는 남아프리카공화국 11개 공용어 가운데 하나로, 짐바브웨의 북부 은데벨레어(본래 줄루어에서 파생된 디아스포라 변종)와는 별개로 성립한 언어로 분류된다. 응구니 반투어군 안에서는 줄루어와 매우 밀접한 친연 관계에 있지만, 북부 소토어(페디어)와 츠와나어 인접 화자들과의 광범위한 접촉을 통해 독자적인 어휘층을 형성해 왔으며, 본거지인 음푸말랑가 주를 중심으로 펼쳐지는 화려한 색채의 전통적 "은데벨레 가옥 벽화"로 인해 본래의 화자 지역을 훨씬 넘어 세계적인 시각 예술 유산으로 널리 알려져 있다.
사용 지역
남부 은데벨레어의 핵심 단어 87개
chocolate
출처
- South Ndebele Bible 2012 (bible.com 450; cached ~/langmap-work/r51/scratch/b/bible_nbl.tsv); en.wiktionary Southern Ndebele lemmas
단어 비교
같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 대서양-콩고(반투어군, 응구니어군)
| 뜻 | 남부 은데벨레어 | 북부 응데벨레어 | 줄루어 | 코사어 | 스와지어 | 총가어 | 로지어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amaːnzi/ | emanti /emanti/ | mati /mati/ | mezi /mezi/ |
| 불 | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| 해 | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ | lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | lizazi /lizazi/ |
| 달 | inyezi /iɲezi/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | kweli /kweli/ |
| 별 | ikwekwezi /ikʷekʷezi/ | inkanyezi /iŋkaɲezi/ | inkanyezi /iŋkaˈɲeːzi/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | inkhanyeti /iŋkʰaɲeti/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | naleli /naleli/ |
| 밤 | ubusuku /uɓusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | busuku /ɓusuku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | busihu /busihu/ |
| 비 | izulu /izulu/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | pula /ˈpula/ |
| 눈 | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iqhwa /iǃʰwa/ | ikhephu /ikʰepʰu/ | lichwa /liǀʰwa/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ |
| 바람 | umoya /umoja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | moya /moja/ | moya /moja/ |
| 흙 | ihlabathi /iɬaɓatʰi/ | inhlabathi /inɬaɓaːtʰi/ | inhlabathi /inɬaɓatʰi/ | umhlabathi /umɬaɓatʰi/ | umhlabatsi /umɬaɓatsi/ | misava /misava/ | mubu /mubu/ |
| 돌 | ilitje /iˈlitʃe/ | ilitshe /iliˈtʃe/ | itshe /ˈiːtʃʼe/ | ilitye /iˈlitʼje/ | litje /liˈtʃe/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ |
| 산 | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intsaba /intsaɓa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | lilundu /lilundu/ |
| 바다 | ilwandle /ilwandɮe/ | ulwandle /ulwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | liwate /liwate/ |
| 어머니 | umma /umma/ | umama /umama/ | umama /umama/ | umama /umaːma/ | make /make/ | manana /manana/ | ma /ma/ |
| 아버지 | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | utata /utaːta/ | babe /ɓaɓe/ | tatana /tatana/ | ndate /ndate/ |
| 딸 | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodaˈkazi/ | intombi /inˈtombi/ | indvodzakati /indvodzakaːti/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ |
| 나 | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ | mina /ˈmiːna/ | mna /mna/ | mine /míne/ | mina /mina/ | na /na/ |
| 너 | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /ˈweːna/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wéna/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| 우리 | thina /tʰina/ | thina /tʰina/ | thina /ˈtʰiːna/ | thina /tʰina/ | tsine /tsíne/ | hina /hina/ | luna /luna/ |
| 이름 | ibizo /iɓizo/ | ibizo /ibizo/ | igama /iˈɡaːma/ | igama /iɡaːma/ | libito /liɓiːto/ | vito /vito/ | libizo /libizo/ |
| 사람 | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /uˈmuntu/ | umntu /ˈumntu/ | umuntfu /umuntfu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| 머리 | ihloko /iɬoko/ | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | intloko /intɬoːko/ | inhloko /inɬoko/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | toho /toho/ |
| 눈 | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | iso /iso/ | iliso /iliso/ | liso /liso/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ |
| 귀 | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | zebe /zebe/ |
| 코 | ipumulo /ipuˈmulo/ | ikhala /ikʰala/ | impumulo /impuˈmulo/ | impumlo /impuˈmlo/ | likhala /likʰala/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | ngo /ŋo/ |
| 입 | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umlomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| 이 | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | litinyo /litiɲo/ | tino /tino/ | liino /liːno/ |
| 혀 | ilimu /ilimu/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulwimi /ulwimi/ | lulwimi /lulwimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| 손 | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | sandla /sandɮa/ | voko /voko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ |
| 발 | inyawo /iɲawo/ | unyawo /uɲawo/ | unyawo /uːɲaːwo/ | unyawo /uɲaːwo/ | lunyawo /luɲawo/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ |
| 마음 | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | intliziyo /intɬizijo/ | inhlitiyo /inɬitijo/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | pilu /pilu/ |
| 뼈 | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | litsambo /litsambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | sapo /sapo/ |
| 피 | iingazi /iːŋɡazi/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | ingati /iŋɡati/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | mali /mali/ |
| 똥 | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | emasimba /emasimba/ | — | ñanda /ɲanda/ |
| 사랑 | ithando /itʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | lutsandvo /lutsandwo/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | lilato /lilato/ |
| 나무 | umuthi /umutʰi/ | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | umthi /umtʰi/ | sihlahla /siɬaɬa/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | kota /kota/ |
| 개 | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | nja /ndʒa/ |
| 고양이 | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | likati /likati/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | kaze /kaze/ |
| 물고기 | ihlambi /iɬambi/ | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | intlanzi /intɬanzi/ | inhlanti /iɬanti/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | tapi /tapi/ |
| 새 | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ | intaka /inˈtaka/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ |
| 나비 | iviyaviyani /ivijavijani/ | ivevane /iveˈvane/ | uvemvane /uvemˈvaːne/ | ibhabhathane /ibʱabʱaˈtʰaːne/ | luvivane /luvivane/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ |
| 달걀 | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | licandza /liǀandza/ | tandza /tandza/ | lii /liː/ |
| 곰 | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /iˈbʱeːre/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | libhele /libʱele/ | bere /bere/ | bele /bele/ |
| 말 | injomani /indʒoˈmani/ | ibhiza /iˈbiza/ | ihhashi /iˈɦaːʃi/ | ihashe /iˈhaʃe/ | lihhashi /liɦaʃi/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | pizi /pizi/ |
| 집 | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | ndu /ndu/ |
| 우유 | ibisi /iˈɓisi/ | uchago /uˈtʃaɡo/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | lubisi /luˈɓisi/ | masi /masi/ | mabisi /mabisi/ |
| 꿀 | iliju /ilidʒu/ | uluju /uludʒu/ | uju /udʒu/ | ubusi /ubusi/ | luju /ludʒu/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | linosi /linosi/ |
| 소금 | itswayi /itswaji/ | itswayi /itswaji/ | usawoti /usaˈwoti/ | ityuwa /iˈtjuwa/ | luswayi /luswaji/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ |
| 포도주 | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | liwayini /liwajini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waine /waine/ |
| 쌀 | ireyisi /irejisi/ | — | irayisi /iɾaˈjiːsi/ | irayisi /iraˈjiːsi/ | lilayisi /lilajisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | laisi /laisi/ |
| 초콜릿 | chocolate | — | ushokoledi /uʃokoˈleːdi/ | itshokolethi /itʃʰokoletʰi/ | i-chocolate | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chocolate |
| 철 | isimbi /iˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | intsimbi /inˈtsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | sipi /sipi/ |
| 바퀴 | ivili /iˈvili/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | isondo /iˈsondo/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | lisondvo /liˈsondvo/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | liwili /liwili/ |
| 비단 | isilika /isiˈlika/ | isilika /isiˈlika/ | usilika /usiˈliːka/ | isilika /isiˈliːka/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ |
| 책 | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | incwadzi /iŋǀʷadzi/ | buku /buku/ | buka /buka/ |
| 먹다 | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukutya /ukutʲa/ | kudla /kuɮa/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ |
| 마시다 | ukusela /ukusela/ | ukunatha /ukunatʰa/ | ukuphuza /ukupʰuza/ | ukusela /ukusɛla/ | kunatsa /kunatsa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| 자다 | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | kulobala /kulobala/ |
| 하나 | nye /ɲe/ | nye /ɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | inye /iɲɛ/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ |
| 둘 | kubili /kuɓili/ | kubili /kubili/ | kubili /kuˈɓili/ | mbini /mbiːni/ | kubili /kuɓiːli/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | peli /peli/ |
| 셋 | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰaːtʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kutsatfu /kutsʼatfu/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | talu /talu/ |
| 넷 | kune /kunɛ/ | kune /kune/ | kune /kuːne/ | kune /kune/ | kune /kune/ | mune /mune/ | ne /ne/ |
| 다섯 | ihlanu /iɬanu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | sihlanu /siɬaːnu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ |
| 백 | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | likhulu /liˈkʰulu/ | dzana /dzana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ |
| 안녕하세요 | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ | salibonani /saliɓonani/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | molo /molo/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | lumela /lumela/ |
| 감사합니다 | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyabonga /ŋɡijaɓoŋɡa/ | enkosi /ɛnkosi/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ |
| 좋은 | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | lungile /luŋɡilɛ/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | nde /nde/ |
| 새로운 | tjha /tʃʰa/ | tsha /tʃʰa/ | sha /ʃa/ | tsha /tʃʰa/ | sha /ʃa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | nca /ntʃa/ |
| 빨강 | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bovu /ɓoːvu/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | fubelu /fubelu/ |
| 하양 | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /ˈmɬɔːpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔːpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | sweu /sweu/ |
| 검정 | nzima /nzima/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | mnyama /ˈmɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | ntima /ntima/ | nsu /nsu/ |
| 초록 | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| 파랑 | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| 컴퓨터 | ikhomphyutha /ikʰompʰjutʰa/ | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | ikhompyutha /ikʰompjutʰa/ | i-computer | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| 차(茶) | itiye /iˈtije/ | itiye /itije/ | itiye /iˈtijɛ/ | iti /iˈti/ | litiya /litija/ | tiya /tija/ | tii /tiː/ |
| 커피 | ikofi /ikofi/ | ikhofi /ikʰofi/ | ikhofi /iˈkʰofi/ | ikofu /iˈkoːfu/ | likhofi /likʰofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| 설탕 | itjhukela /itʃʰukela/ | itshukela /itʃukela/ | ushukela /uʃuˈkɛːla/ | iswekile /isweˈkiːle/ | shukela /ʃukela/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 오렌지 | orentji /orentʃi/ | — | iwolintshi /iwolintʃi/ | iorenji /iorendʒi/ | — | lamula /lamula/ | olenji /olendʒi/ |
| 99 | amatjhumi alithoba nethoba /amatʃʰumi alitʰoɓa netʰoɓa/ | amatshumi aficamunwemunye lesificamunwemunye /amatʃumi afiǀamunwemunje lesifiǀamunwemunje/ | amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye /amaʃumi ajisiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe nesiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe/ | amashumi asithoba anesithoba /amaʃumi asitʰɔɓa anesitʰɔɓa/ | emashumi layimfica nemfica /emaʃumi lajimfiǀa nemfiǀa/ | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | — |
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