Malaysian English
Kiingereza cha Malesia
Kijerumani
Kiingereza cha Malaysia (MyE; lebo ya lugha en-MY) kinajumuisha aina za Kiingereza zinazotumiwa sana kama lugha ya pili au ya ziada katika Malaysia yenye lugha nyingi. Kilikua hasa kutoka Kiingereza cha Uingereza cha ukoloni kupitia mawasiliano na Kimalay, lugha za Kichina, Kitamil na lugha nyingine. Matumizi yake huanzia Kiingereza Sanifu cha Malaysia cha rasmi, kilicho karibu na kanuni za kimataifa na za Uingereza, hadi maumbo ya mazungumzo ya nchini yanayoitwa mara nyingi Manglish; wazungumzaji hubadilisha sajili kwa urahisi, na akroleti, mesoleti na basileti ni sehemu za kimaelezo katika mwendelezo huu. Matamshi mara nyingi si-rhotiki na yana mdundo wa silabi kwa kiasi; makundi ya konsonanti za mwisho yanaweza kurahisishwa na mpumuo wa vipasuo visivyo na sauti kudhoofishwa, lakini mifumo hutofautiana kwa eneo, kabila, umahiri na urasmi. Usemi wa mazungumzo hutumia msamiati wa nchini na chembe za kuonyesha msimamo kama lah, meh na lor. Kimalay ni lugha ya kitaifa na rasmi, huku Kiingereza kikiendelea kuwa muhimu katika biashara na viwanda, elimu ya juu na binafsi, sayansi, teknolojia na vyombo vya habari.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Malesia
Vyanzo
- Baskaran, Loga 2004, "Malaysian English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter (not consulted this round; LOT fixes rest on row-internal evidence); en.wiktionary English lemmas
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kijerumani
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Malesia | Kiingereza cha Ghana | Kiingereza cha Nigeria | Kiingereza cha Singapuri | Kiingereza cha Kenya | Kiingereza | Kiingereza cha Jamaika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fajə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɵn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| Usiku | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Mvua | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /reːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| Theluji | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| Upepo | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Udongo | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ |
| Jiwe | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Mlima | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ |
| Bahari | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɵðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| Binti | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Mimi | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Sisi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Jina | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mtu | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kichwa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Jicho | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Sikio | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /iːa/ |
| Pua | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noʊs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ |
| Mdomo | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | — |
| Jino | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ |
| Ulimi | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɵŋ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hæn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hɛn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Mguu | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hat/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Mfupa | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Damu | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɵd/ |
| Kinyesi | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ |
| Upendo | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɵv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kɛt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ |
| Samaki | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Ndege | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Kipepeo | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ |
| Yai | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Dubu | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beːɹ/ |
| Farasi | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Nyumba | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hɵʊs/ |
| Maziwa | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Asali | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɵni/ |
| Chumvi | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Mvinyo | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Mchele | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | — |
| Chuma | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈajən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Gurudumu | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Hariri | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Kitabu | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Kulala | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Moja | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɵn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tatu | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹi/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹiː/ |
| Nne | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ |
| Tano | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Mia | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello lah /hɛlo lɑː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| Asante | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /taŋk juː/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Mpya | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nju/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Nyekundu | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Nyeupe | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nyeusi | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blɛk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ |
| Kijani | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Buluu | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Woof | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kokoriko | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /komˈpjuːta/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Chai | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Sukari | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Chungwa | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamini | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ |
| Alama ya @ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /ɛt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ |
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