Tshivenḓa
Kivenda
Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Kibantu, kusini Kibantu)
Kivenda (jina la asili Tshivenḓa) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya Kusini katika familia ya Niger-Congo, inayozungumzwa hasa katika jimbo la Limpopo kaskazini-mashariki mwa Afrika Kusini na katika sehemu za Zimbabwe jirani. Ina wazungumzaji wapatao milioni 1.3 na ni mojawapo ya lugha kumi na mbili rasmi za Afrika Kusini. Huandikwa kwa alfabeti ya Kilatini yenye alama za lafudhi, na hujulikana kwa sifa za kifonolojia zinazoihusisha na lugha za Kalanga na Shona zilizoko kaskazini.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kivenda
tshokoleti
swiri
Vyanzo
- en.wiktionary Venda lemmas; Venda Bible "Bivhili Khethwa Mafhungo Madifha" 1998 (bible.com version 280)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Kibantu, kusini Kibantu)
| Maana | Kivenda | Kitsonga | Kimanyika | Kilozi | Kitswana | Kisotho cha Kaskazini | Kishona |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mezi /mezi/ | metsi /metsi/ | meetse /meːtse/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Moto | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | zuva /zuva/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | zuva /zuva/ |
| Mwezi | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | kweli /kweli/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ |
| Nyota | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | naleli /naleli/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ |
| Usiku | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busihu /busihu/ | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bošego /boʃeχo/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | mvura /mvura/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Theluji | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | — | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | sinoo /sinoː/ |
| Upepo | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | moya /moja/ | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ |
| Udongo | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /moβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ |
| Jiwe | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | leswika /leˈswika/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ |
| Mlima | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ |
| Bahari | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | liwate /liwate/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ |
| Mama | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | amai /amai/ | ma /ma/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | mma /mːa/ | amai /amai/ |
| Baba | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | baba /baba/ | ndate /ndate/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | tate /tate/ | baba /baba/ |
| Binti | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | morwadi /morwadi/ | morwedi /morwedi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ |
| Mimi | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | ini /ini/ | na /na/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nna/ | ini /ini/ |
| Wewe | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | isu /isu/ | luna /luna/ | rona /rona/ | rena /rena/ | isu /isu/ |
| Jina | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | zita /zita/ | libizo /libizo/ | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | zita /zita/ |
| Mtu | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ | motho /motʰo/ | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ |
| Kichwa | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | musoro /musoro/ | toho /toho/ | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | musoro /musoro/ |
| Jicho | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ | liito /liːto/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ |
| Sikio | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | zebe /zebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ |
| Pua | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | mhino /mʱino/ | ngo /ŋo/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋˈko/ | mhino /mʱino/ |
| Mdomo | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | muromo /muromo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ |
| Jino | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Ulimi | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | rurimi /rurimi/ |
| Mkono | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | ruoko /rwoko/ |
| Mguu | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | — | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | tsoka /tsoka/ |
| Moyo | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | pilu /pilu/ | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ |
| Mfupa | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | godo /ɡodo/ | sapo /sapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ |
| Damu | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | ropa /ropa/ | mali /mali/ | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | ropa /ropa/ |
| Kinyesi | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | tsvina /tsvina/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | tsvina /tsvina/ |
| Upendo | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | lilato /lilato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /lerato/ | rudo /rudo/ |
| Mti | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | muti /muti/ | kota /kota/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sehlare /seɬare/ | muti /muti/ |
| Mbwa | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | mpša /mpʃa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | katsi /katsi/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katsi /katsi/ |
| Samaki | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | hove /hove/ | tapi /tapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | hlapi /ɬapi/ | hove /hove/ |
| Ndege | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ |
| Kipepeo | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | — | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ |
| Yai | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | zai /zai/ | lii /liː/ | lee /lɛɛ/ | lee /leː/ | zai /zai/ |
| Dubu | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | — | bele /bele/ | bera /bɛra/ | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bheya /bʱeja/ |
| Farasi | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | bhiza /biza/ | pizi /pizi/ | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | bhiza /biza/ |
| Nyumba | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | ndu /ndu/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | imba /imba/ |
| Maziwa | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | maswi /maswi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ |
| Asali | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | uchi /utʃi/ | linosi /linosi/ | tswina /tswina/ | todi /todi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | waine /waine/ | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | waini /waini/ |
| Mchele | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | laisi /laisi/ | raese /raese/ | reisi /reisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ |
| Chokoleti | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — | chocolate | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ |
| Chuma | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | sipi /sipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ |
| Gurudumu | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | vhiri /βiri/ | liwili /liwili/ | leotwana /leotwana/ | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | vhiri /viri/ |
| Hariri | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | siriki /siriki/ | siliki /siliki/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | sirika /sirika/ |
| Kitabu | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | bhuku /buku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | puku /puku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ |
| Kula | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Kunywa | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Kulala | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ |
| Moja | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | tee /teː/ | potsi /potsi/ |
| Mbili | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | piri /piri/ | peli /peli/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | piri /piri/ |
| Tatu | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | tatu /tatu/ | talu /talu/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| Nne | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | ina /ina/ | ne /ne/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːɛ/ | ina /ina/ |
| Tano | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ |
| Mia | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | zana /zana/ |
| Habari | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | makadii /makadiː/ | lumela /lumela/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ |
| Asante | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | maita /maita/ |
| Nzuri | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | nde /nde/ | siame /siaːme/ | botse /botse/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ |
| Mpya | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | itsva /itsva/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | itsva /itsva/ |
| Nyekundu | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | hubedu /hubedu/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ |
| Nyeupe | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | chena /tʃena/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | chena /tʃena/ |
| Nyeusi | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | tema /tema/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | tema /tema/ |
| Kijani | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | girini /ɡirini/ |
| Buluu | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | bhuluu /buluː/ |
| Kompyuta | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ |
| Chai | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tee /teː/ | teye /teje/ | tii /tiː/ |
| Kahawa | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| Sukari | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sukiri /sukiri/ | swikiri /swikiri/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| Chungwa | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | — | olenji /olendʒi/ | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | ranjisi /randʒisi/ |
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