Dangme
Adangme
Atlantic-Congo (Volta-Niger, Kwa, Ga-Adangme)
Adangme (Dangme) is the language of the Adangme people of southeastern Ghana, comprising several closely related varieties (Ada, Krobo, Osudoku, Shai, Ningo, Gbugbla). Sister to Ga (gaa) within the Ga-Adangme branch of Niger-Congo Kwa. The Adangme have a rich oral tradition and are famous for the Dipo female puberty rites still actively practiced today. Tonal with two contrastive registers; ATR vowel harmony and prefix-based aspect marking. Government-sponsored as one of 11 national languages with literacy programs and BBC/GBC broadcasting.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Adangme
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Volta-Niger, Kwa, Ga-Adangme)
| Meaning | Adangme | Ga | Ewe | Nzima | Aja | Akan | Gen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nyu /ɲu/ | nu /nu/ | tsi /tsi/ | nzule /nzule/ | esi /esi/ | nsuo /nsuo/ | esi /esi/ |
| Fire | la /la/ | la /la/ | dzo /dzo/ | sinya /sinja/ | ezo /ezo/ | ogya /odʑa/ | ezo /ezo/ |
| Sun | hyɛ /çɛ/ | hulu /hulu/ | ɣe /ɣe/ | ewia /ewia/ | ewe /ewe/ | owia /owia/ | ewe /ewe/ |
| Moon | nyɔnyɔɛ /ɲɔɲɔɛ/ | ŋɔɔŋmɔ /ŋɔɔŋmɔ/ | ɣleti /ɣleti/ | siane /sjane/ | esun /esun/ | ɔsrane /ɔsrane/ | wetri /wetri/ |
| Star | ŋulami /ŋulami/ | ŋulami /ŋùlámi/ | ɣletivi /ɣletivi/ | nzonlenle /nzɔnlɛnlɛ/ | wlecivi /wletʃivi/ | nsoromma /n̩sòròmmá/ | wetrivi /wetrivi/ |
| Night | nyɔmi /ɲɔmi/ | nyɔŋ /ɲɔŋ/ | zã /zã/ | nɔzo /nɔzo/ | zan /zã/ | anadwo /anadwo/ | zã /zã/ |
| Rain | hiɔmi /hiɔmi/ | nugbɔ /nuˈɡbɔ/ | tsidzadza /tsidzadza/ | ezule /ezule/ | eshi /eʃi/ | osu /oˈsu/ | èji /èdʒi/ |
| Snow | snoo /snoː/ | snoo /snoː/ | sno /sno/ | ezukɔtweaba /ezukɔtweaba/ | — | sukyerɛmma /sutɕɪrɛmma/ | — |
| Wind | kɔɔhiɔ /kɔːhiɔ/ | kɔɔyɔɔ /kɔːjɔː/ | aya /aja/ | anwoma /anwoma/ | jihɔn /dʒihɔ̃/ | mframa /mframa/ | aya /aja/ |
| Earth | zugba /zuɡba/ | shikpɔŋ /ʃikpɔŋ/ | anyigba /aɲiɡba/ | azɛlɛ /azɛlɛ/ | nyigban /ɲiɡbã/ | asase /asase/ | anyigbã /aɲiɡbã/ |
| Stone | tɛ /tɛ/ | tɛ /tɛ/ | kpe /kpe/ | bolɛ /bolɛ/ | kpe /kpe/ | ɔboɔ /ɔˈboɔ/ | kpe /kpe/ |
| Mountain | yoku /joku/ | gɔŋ /ɡɔŋ/ | to /to/ | boka /boka/ | — | bepɔ /bepɔ/ | eto /eto/ |
| Sea | wo /wo/ | ŋshɔ /ŋʃɔ/ | atsiaƒu /atsiaɸu/ | nyevile /ɲevile/ | axu /axu/ | ɛpo /ɛpo/ | apu /apu/ |
| Mother | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | dada /dada/ | enwo /enwo/ | nɔ /nɔ/ | ɛna /ɛna/ | nɔ /nɔ/ |
| Father | tsɛ /tsɛ/ | tsɛ /tsɛ/ | fofo /fofo/ | papa /papa/ | eda /eda/ | agya /adʑa/ | tɔ /tɔ/ |
| Daughter | biyo /bijo/ | biyoo /bijoː/ | vinyɔnu /viɲɔnu/ | ra raalɛ /ra raːlɛ/ | vi nyɔnuvi /vi ɲɔnuvi/ | ɔbabaa /ɔbabaː/ | nyɔ̃nùvi /ɲɔ̃nùvi/ |
| I | i /i/ | mi /mì/ | nye /ɲɛ/ | me /mè/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | me /mɪ̀/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ |
| You | mo /mo/ | bo /bo/ | wò /wò/ | wɔ /wɔ/ | wo /wo/ | wo /wʊ̀/ | wò /wò/ |
| We | wɔ /wɔ/ | wɔ /wɔ̀/ | mí /mí/ | yɛ /jɛ̀/ | mí /mí/ | yɛn /jɛ̀n/ | mí /mí/ |
| Name | biɛ /biɛ/ | gbɛi /ɡbɛ́i/ | ŋkɔ /ŋkɔ/ | duma /duma/ | ŋkɔ /ŋkɔ/ | din /dín/ | nyikɔ /ɲikɔ/ |
| Person | nɔmlɔ /nɔmlɔ/ | gbɔmɔ /ɡbɔmɔ/ | ame /ame/ | sonla /sonla/ | amɛ /amɛ/ | onipa /onipa/ | agbetɔ /aɡbetɔ/ |
| Head | yi /ji/ | yitso /jitso/ | ta /ta/ | ti /ti/ | ta /ta/ | etire /etire/ | eta /eta/ |
| Eye | hiŋmɛ /hiŋmɛ/ | hiŋmɛi /hiŋmɛi/ | ŋku /ŋku/ | anye /anje/ | ŋkuvi /ŋkuvi/ | aniwa /aniwa/ | ŋkuvi /ŋkuvi/ |
| Ear | toi /toi/ | toi /toi/ | to /to/ | anzo /anzo/ | eto /eto/ | aso /aso/ | to /to/ |
| Nose | gugwɔ /ɡuɡwɔ/ | gugɔŋ /ɡuɡɔŋ/ | ŋɔti /ŋɔti/ | bonyi /boɲi/ | — | hwene /ʍene/ | ŋɔti /ŋɔti/ |
| Mouth | nya /ɲa/ | naa /naː/ | nu /nu/ | nloa /nloa/ | enu /enu/ | ano /ano/ | nu /nu/ |
| Tooth | luŋu /luŋu/ | nyɛnyoŋ /ɲɛɲoŋ/ | aɖu /aɖu/ | ɛjele /ɛdʒele/ | aɖu /aɖu/ | ɛse /ɛse/ | aɖu /aɖu/ |
| Tongue | lilɛ /lilɛ/ | lilɛi /lilɛi/ | aɖe /aɖe/ | ɛtɛfima /ɛtɛfima/ | aɖe /aɖe/ | tɛkrɛma /tɛkrɛma/ | aɖe /aɖe/ |
| Hand | nine /nine/ | nine /nine/ | asi /asi/ | ɛsa /ɛsa/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | nsa /nsa/ | alɔ /alɔ/ |
| Foot | nane /nane/ | nane /nane/ | afɔ /àfɔ̀/ | gyakɛ /ɡʲakɛ/ | afɔ /afɔ/ | nan /nan/ | afɔ /afɔ/ |
| Heart | tsui /tsui/ | tsui /tsui/ | dzi /dzi/ | ahonle /ahonle/ | eji /edʒi/ | akoma /akoma/ | eji /edʒi/ |
| Bone | wu /wu/ | wu /wu/ | ƒu /ɸu/ | bowule /bowule/ | xu /xu/ | dompe /dompe/ | epu /epu/ |
| Blood | muɔ /muɔ/ | lá /lá/ | ʋu /ʋu/ | mogya /moɡʲa/ | hun /hũ/ | mogya /moɡʲa/ | ehũ /ehũ/ |
| Poop | fĩ /fĩ/ | wamɔ /wamɔ/ | afɔdzi /afɔdzi/ | ebinli /ebinli/ | — | ebin /ebin/ | — |
| Love | suɔmi /suɔmi/ | suɔmɔ /suɔmɔ/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ | ɛlɔlɛ /ɛlɔlɛ/ | lɔ̃ /lɔ̃/ | ɔdɔ /ɔdɔ/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ |
| Tree | tso /tso/ | tso /tso/ | ati /ati/ | baka /baka/ | aci /atʃi/ | dua /dua/ | ati /ati/ |
| Dog | gbe /ɡbe/ | gbei /ɡbei/ | avu /avu/ | kraman /kraman/ | avu /avu/ | kraman /kraman/ | avũ /avũ/ |
| Cat | adi /adi/ | adi /adi/ | dadi /dadi/ | agyinamoa /adʑinamoa/ | ami /ami/ | agyinamoa /adʑinamoa/ | agbo /aɡbo/ |
| Fish | lo /lo/ | loo /loː/ | tɔmelã /tɔmelã/ | fɛlɛ /fɛlɛ/ | kpavi /kpavi/ | apataa /apataː/ | elãvi /elãvi/ |
| Bird | lohwe pɛlitsɛ /lohwe pɛlitsɛ/ | loofɔlɔ /loːfɔlɔ/ | xevi /xeʋi/ | anloma /anloma/ | xevi /xevi/ | anoma /aˈnoma/ | xevi /xevi/ |
| Butterfly | kutu /kutu/ | abei /abei/ | kpakpaluʋui /kpakpaluʋui/ | ɛbolakɔlɛ /ɛbolakɔlɛ/ | — | afofantɔ /afofantɔ/ | abèbe /abèbe/ |
| Egg | hlui /hlui/ | wuɔ /wuɔ/ | koklozi /koklozi/ | kolonvia /kolonvia/ | — | kosua /kosua/ | azi /azi/ |
| Horse | okpɔŋɔ /okpɔŋɔ/ | okpɔŋɔ /okpɔŋɔ/ | sɔ /sɔ/ | ɛkpɔnwɔ /ɛkpɔnwɔ/ | esɔ /esɔ/ | ɔpɔnkɔ /ɔpɔŋkɔ/ | esɔ /esɔ/ |
| House | we /we/ | shia /ʃia/ | aƒe /aɸe/ | suakɛ /suakɛ/ | avia /avia/ | efie /efie/ | exɔ /exɔ/ |
| Milk | nyɔ nyu /ɲɔ ɲu/ | fufɔ /fufɔ/ | notsi /notsi/ | nyɛfonzule /ɲɛfonzule/ | anɔshu /anɔʃu/ | nufusu /nufusu/ | nyinɔsi /ɲinɔsi/ |
| Honey | hwo /hwo/ | wo /wo/ | anyitsi /aɲitsi/ | wolɛ /wolɛ/ | enyishi /eɲiʃi/ | ɛwoɔ /ɛwoɔ/ | anyisi /aɲisi/ |
| Salt | ŋo /ŋo/ | ŋo /ŋo/ | dze /dze/ | ngyenle /ndʑenle/ | eje /edʒe/ | nkyene /ntɕene/ | eje /edʒe/ |
| Wine | wai /wai/ | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | nwanye /nwaɲe/ | vɛn /vɛ̃/ | bobesa /bobesa/ | vɛ̃ /vɛ̃/ |
| Rice | omɔ /omɔ/ | omɔ /omɔ/ | mɔlu /mɔlu/ | awule /awule/ | mɔlu /mɔlu/ | ɛmo /ɛmo/ | — |
| Iron | dade /dade/ | dade /dade/ | ga /ɡa/ | bulalɛ /bulalɛ/ | ega /eɡa/ | dadeɛ /dadeɛ/ | gayibɔ /ɡajibɔ/ |
| Wheel | tlɔɔke nane /tlɔːke nane/ | shwiili /ʃwiːli/ | afɔti /afɔti/ | ehwili /ehwili/ | — | ntwahonan /ntwahonan/ | afɔku /afɔku/ |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | selekye /seletɕe/ | — | serekye /seretɕe/ | seda /seda/ |
| Book | womi /womi/ | wolo /wolo/ | agbalẽ /aɡbalẽ/ | buluku /buluku/ | wema /wema/ | nwoma /ɲʷoma/ | wémà /wémà/ |
| Eat | ye /je/ | yɛ /jɛ/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | di /di/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | didi /didi/ | ɖu /ɖu/ |
| Drink | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | no /no/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | nom /nom/ | nù /nù/ |
| Sleep | hwɔ mahe /hwɔ mahe/ | wɔ /wɔ/ | dɔ alɔ̃ /dɔ alɔ̃/ | dafi /dafi/ | dɔ alɔn /dɔ alɔ̃/ | da /da/ | dɔ̃ alɔ̃ /dɔ̃ alɔ̃/ |
| One | kake /kake/ | ekome /ekome/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | kʊ /kʊ/ | eɖe /eɖe/ | baako /baːko/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ |
| Two | enyɔ /eɲɔ/ | enyɔ /eɲɔ/ | eve /ève/ | nwiɔ /nwiɔ/ | eve /eve/ | mmienu /m̩mìɛ̀nu/ | eve /eve/ |
| Three | etɛ /etɛ/ | etɛ /etɛ/ | etɔ̃ /etɔ̃/ | nsa /nsa/ | etɔ̃ /etɔ̃/ | ɛbiɛsa /ɛbiɛsa/ | etɔ̃ /etɔ̃/ |
| Four | eywɛ /ejwɛ/ | ejwɛ /edʒwɛ/ | ene /ene/ | nna /nnã/ | ɛnɛ /ɛnɛ/ | ɛnan /ɛnã/ | enɛ /enɛ/ |
| Five | enuɔ /enuɔ/ | enumɔ /enumɔ/ | atɔ̃ /atɔ̃/ | nnu /nnu/ | atɔ̃ /atɔ̃/ | enum /ɛnũ/ | atɔ̃ /atɔ̃/ |
| Hundred | lafa /lafa/ | oha /oha/ | alafa /alafa/ | ɛya /ɛja/ | — | ɔha /ɔha/ | eka eve takpo /eka eve takpo/ |
| Hello | daa /daː/ | ɔ jɔ /ɔ jɔ/ | ŋdi /ŋdi/ | akwaaba /akʷaːba/ | nɛnɛ /nɛnɛ/ | akwaaba /akʷaːba/ | ado /ado/ |
| Thank you | ojakuɛ /odʒakwɛ/ | oyiwala /ojiwala/ | akpe /akpe/ | medaase /medaase/ | amɛ akpe /amɛ akpe/ | medaase /medaase/ | akpe /akpe/ |
| Good | hɛŋmi /hɛŋmi/ | ekpakpa /ekpakpa/ | nyo /ɲo/ | kpa /kpa/ | nwi /nwi/ | pa /pa/ | nyɔ /ɲɔ/ |
| New | he /he/ | hee /heː/ | yeye /jeje/ | fofolɛ /fofolɛ/ | yoyu /joju/ | foforɔ /foforɔ/ | yeye /jeje/ |
| Red | tsu /tsu/ | tsuru /tsuru/ | dzĩ /dziː̃/ | kɔkɔlɛ /kɔkɔlɛ/ | ejun /edʒũ/ | kɔkɔɔ /kɔkɔː/ | jɛ̃ /dʒɛ̃/ |
| White | hiɔ /hiɔ/ | yɛŋ /jɛŋ/ | ɣi /ɣi/ | fufule /fufule/ | eyi /eji/ | fitaa /fitaː/ | ɣe /ɣe/ |
| Black | yumu /jumu/ | diŋ /diŋ/ | yibɔ /jibɔ/ | bile /bile/ | eyu /eju/ | tuntum /tuntum/ | yibɔ /jibɔ/ |
| Blue | bluu /bluː/ | bla /bla/ | amã /amã/ | buluwu /buluwu/ | — | tuntum /tuntum/ | — |
| Computer | kɔmpiuta /kɔmpiuta/ | kɔmpiuta /kɔmpiuta/ | kɔmputa /kɔmputa/ | kɔmpita /kɔmpita/ | ɔdinatɛɛ /ɔdinatɛː/ | kɔmputa /kɔmputa/ | — |
| Coffee | kɔfi /kɔfi/ | kɔfi /kɔfi/ | kafe /kafe/ | — | kafe /kafe/ | kɔfe /kɔfe/ | — |
| Sugar | sikli /sikli/ | sikli /sikli/ | sukli /sukli/ | asikyɛlɛ /asikjɛlɛ/ | sukle /sukle/ | asikre /asikre/ | — |
| Orange | akutu /akutu/ | akutu /akutu/ | akutu /akutu/ | akutue /akutue/ | — | akutu /akutu/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | nyingmi nɛɛ kɛ nɛɛ /ɲiŋ͡mi nɛː kɛ nɛː/ | nyɔŋmai nɛɛhu kɛ nɛɛhu /ɲɔŋmai nɛːhu kɛ nɛːhu/ | blaasiekɛ vɔ asiekɛ /blaasiekɛ vɔ asiekɛ/ | abulahɔnla nee ngɔnla /abulahɔ̃lã neː ŋɡɔ̃lã/ | — | aduɔkron akron /aduɔkrõ akrõ/ | — |
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