Basa Ugi
Buginese
Austronesian (South Sulawesi)
Buginese (basa Ugi, ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ) is the language of the Bugis people of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with ~5M speakers — a major regional language alongside Makassarese and Toraja. Famed seafarers and shipwrights, the Bugis traded across the Indonesian archipelago and northern Australia (where they gave their name to the Yolŋu word "Macassan" trepang fishermen) for centuries from their kingdoms of Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, and Luwu. Buginese has produced one of the world's longest literary works, La Galigo (~6000 pages), an epic poem in the I La Galigo cycle predating most other world epics in length, inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World register (2011). Written traditionally in Lontara (ᨒᨚᨈᨑ), a Brahmi-derived script with 23 consonant signs that does not mark word-final consonants — a unique feature making texts intentionally ambiguous; now widely written in Latin script for modern use.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Buginese
Sources
- ABVD 48 Buginese, Soppeng dialect (Zainuddin Taha 2005); Bugis Bible (bible.com 2847, LAI)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (South Sulawesi)
| Meaning | Buginese | Mandar | Toraja-Sa'dan | Makassarese | Ambon Malay | Lampung | North Moluccan Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wae /wae/ | uai /uai/ | uai /uai/ | jeʼneʼ /ˈdʒeʔneʔ/ | aer /aer/ | way /waj/ | aer /aer/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | pepeʼ /ˈpepeʔ/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mata esso /mata esːo/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ | mata allo /mataʔalːo/ | mata allo /mata ˈʔallo/ | mata hari /mata hari/ | matarani /matarani/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | uleng /uleŋ/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /buˈlaŋ/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | wittoing /wittoiŋ/ | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | bintoen /bintoen/ | bintoeng /bintoeŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | wenni /wənːi/ | bongi /boŋi/ | bongi /boŋi/ | bangngi /baŋːi/ | malang /malaŋ/ | dibingi /dibiŋi/ | malam /malam/ |
| Rain | bosi /ˈbosi/ | urang /uˈraŋ/ | uran /uˈran/ | bosi /ˈbosi/ | ujang /udʒaŋ/ | ujan /udʒan/ | ujang /uˈdʒaŋ/ |
| Snow | salejju /salədʒːu/ | — | ambun makko /ambun makːo/ | — | — | — | salju /saldʒu/ |
| Wind | anging /aŋiŋ/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | tana /tana/ | litaq /litaʔ/ | litak /litak/ | butta /butːa/ | tana /tana/ | tanoh /tanoh/ | tana /tana/ |
| Stone | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mountain | bulu /bulu/ | buttu /butːu/ | buntu /buntu/ | moncong /moɲtʃoŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Sea | tasiʼ /tasiʔ/ | sasiq /sasiʔ/ | tasik /tasik/ | tamparang /tamˈparaŋ/ | lau /lau/ | lawok /lawoʔ/ | lao /lao/ |
| Mother | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | indoq /indoʔ/ | indoʼ /indoʔ/ | ammaʼ /ˈʔammaʔ/ | mama /mama/ | ina /ina/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | amboʼ /amboʔ/ | ama /ama/ | ambeʼ /ambeʔ/ | bapaʼ /ˈbapaʔ/ | papa /papa/ | bak /baʔ/ | papa /papa/ |
| Daughter | anaʼ makkunrai /anaʔ makːunrai/ | — | anak baine /anak baine/ | anaʼ baine /ʔanaʔ baine/ | ana parangpuang /ana paraŋpuaŋ/ | anak bebai /anak bəbai/ | ana parampuang /ana parampuaŋ/ |
| I | iyyaʼ /ijːaʔ/ | iyau /ijau/ | aku /aku/ | nakke /naʔke/ | beta /beta/ | nyak /ɲaʔ/ | kita /kita/ |
| You | iko /iko/ | io /iʔo/ | iko /iko/ | ikau /ikau/ | ose /ose/ | niku /niku/ | ngana /ŋana/ |
| We | idiʼ /idiʔ/ | ikiq / ingkaiq /ikiʔ / iŋkaiʔ/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ikatte / ikambe /ikaʔte / ikambe/ | katong /katoŋ/ | ram / sikam /ʁam / sikam/ | torang /toraŋ/ |
| Name | aseng /asəŋ/ | sanga /saŋa/ | sanga /saŋa/ | areng /areŋ/ | nama /nama/ | gelagh /ɡəlaʁ/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | tau /tau/ | orang /oraŋ/ | jelema /dʒələma/ | orang /oraŋ/ |
| Head | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ˈulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | hulu /hulu/ | kapala /kapala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | doccili /dotʃːili/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | toli /ˈtoli/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | cuping /tʃupiŋ/ | talinga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | ingeʼ /iŋəʔ/ | pudzung /puðuŋ/ | illong /ilːoŋ/ | kaʼmuru /kaʔˈmuru/ | idong /idoŋ/ | irung /iʁuŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ |
| Mouth | timu /timu/ | nganga /ŋaŋa/ | sadang /sadaŋ/ | bawa /ˈbawa/ | mulu /mulu/ | banguk /baŋuk/ | mulu /mulu/ |
| Tooth | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | isi /isi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | lila /lila/ | lida /lida/ | emo /əmo/ | lida /lida/ |
| Hand | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /liˈma/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | pungow /puŋow/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ |
| Foot | ajé /adʒe/ | — | lentek /lentek/ | bangkeng /ˈbaŋkəŋ/ | kaki /kaki/ | kukut /kukut/ | kaki /kaki/ |
| Heart | ati /ati/ | ate /ate/ | penaa /penaː/ | ati /ˈʔati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tehulan /təhulon/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | dara /dara/ | ceraq /tʃɛraʔ/ | rara /rara/ | ceraʼ /tʃeraʔ/ | dara /dara/ | rah /ʁɔh/ | dara /dara/ |
| Poop | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /tahi/ | tai /tai/ |
| Love | poji /podʒi/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | maʼpaʼiya /maʔpaʔija/ | mangngai /maŋˈŋai/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | aju /adʒu/ | kaju /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pokoʼ kayu /pokoʔ kaˈju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ |
| Dog | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | kongkong /koŋˈkoŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | meong /meoŋ/ | mio /mio/ | serre /serːe/ | ngeong /ŋeˈʔoŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ |
| Fish | bale /ˈbale/ | bau /ˈbau/ | bale /ˈbale/ | juku /dʒukuʔ/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | iwa /ˈiwo/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ |
| Bird | manuʼ-manuʼ /manuʔmanuʔ/ | manu-manuq /manu manuʔ/ | manuk-manuk /manuʔmanuʔ/ | jangang-jangang /dʒaŋaŋdʒaŋaŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buʁuŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | kalubampa /kalubampa/ | — | kalubambang /kalubambaŋ/ | — | — | halibambang /halibambaŋ/ | — |
| Egg | tello /təlːo/ | talloq /talːoʔ/ | talloʼ /talːoʔ/ | bayao /bajao/ | telor /təlor/ | telui /təlui/ | tolor /tolor/ |
| Bear | baruang /baruaŋ/ | — | beruang /beruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | beruang /bəʁuaŋ/ | — |
| Horse | anyarang /aɲaraŋ/ | — | darang /daraŋ/ | jarang /ɟaraŋ/ | kuda /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ |
| House | bola /bola/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ | banua /banua/ | ballaʼ /ˈballaʔ/ | ruma /ruma/ | lamban /lamban/ | ruma /ruma/ |
| Milk | susu /susu/ | — | bumbungan /bumbuŋan/ | dadiʼ /ˈdadiʔ/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | cani /tʃani/ | — | taniʼ enoan /taniʔ enoan/ | jeʼneʼ bani /dʒeʔneʔ bani/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ |
| Salt | pejje /pədʒːe/ | sia /sia/ | sia /sia/ | ceʼla /ˈtʃeʔla/ | garang /ɡaraŋ/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | anggoroʼ /aŋɡoroʔ/ | — | uai anggoroʼ /uai aŋɡoroʔ/ | anggoroʼ /aŋˈɡoroʔ/ | anggor /ˈaŋɡor/ | anggor /aŋɡor/ | anggur /ˈaŋɡur/ |
| Rice | werreʼ /wərːeʔ/ | baras /baras/ | barraʼ /barːaʔ/ | berasaʼ /ˈberasaʔ/ | baras /baras/ | bias /bias/ | baras /baˈras/ |
| Chocolate | sikolaʼ /sikolaʔ/ | sikolaq /sikolaʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | bessi /bəsːi/ | bassi /basːi/ | bassi /basːi/ | bassi /ˈbasːi/ | besi /besi/ | besi /bəsi/ | besi /besi/ |
| Wheel | roda /roda/ | — | lentenan /lentenan/ | roda /ˈɾoda/ | roda /roda/ | ruda /ʁuda/ | roda /roda/ |
| Silk | sabbe /sabːe/ | — | saʼbe /saʔbe/ | saʼbe /ˈsaʔbe/ | sutra /sutra/ | sutra /sutʁa/ | sutra /sutra/ |
| Book | boʼ /boʔ/ | suraq /suraʔ/ | suraʼ /suraʔ/ | boʼboʼ /ˈboʔboʔ/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | manré /manˈre/ | maʼande /maʔande/ | kumande /kumande/ | angnganre /ʔaŋˈŋanɾe/ | makang /makaŋ/ | nganik /ŋanik/ | makang /makaŋ/ |
| Drink | minung /minuŋ/ | minung /minuŋ/ | maʼiru /maʔiru/ | angnginung /ʔaŋˈŋinuŋ/ | minong /minoŋ/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minong /minoŋ/ |
| Sleep | matinro /matinro/ | matindro /matindro/ | mammaʼ /mamːaʔ/ | attinro /attinro/ | tidor /tidor/ | pedom /pədɔm/ | tidor /tidor/ |
| One | séddi /sedːi/ | mesa /mesa/ | misaʼ /misaʔ/ | seʼre /ˈseʔɾe/ | satu /satu/ | sai /sai/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /duwa/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | rua /ruwa/ | dua /dua/ | rua /ruwa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | tellu /təlːu/ | tallu /talːu/ | tallu /talːu/ | tallu /talːu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | telu /təlu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | eppa /əpːa/ | appe /apːe/ | aʼpaʼ /ʔapːaʔ/ | appaʼ /apːaʔ/ | ampa /ampa/ | pat /pat/ | ampa /ampa/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | sératu /seratu/ | sangatus /saŋatus/ | saratu /saratu/ | sibilangngang /sibilaŋːaŋ/ | saratus /saratus/ | seratus /səʁatus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Hello | tabeʼ /tabeʔ/ | salamaʼ maʼondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | tabe /tabe/ | salamaʼ /saˈlamaʔ/ | hela /hela/ | tabik /tabik/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ |
| Thank you | kurru sumange /kurːu sumaŋe/ | kuruʼ sumangaʼ /kuruʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | kurre sumangaʼ /kurːe sumaŋaʔ/ | tarima kasi /taɾima ˈkasi/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ |
| Good | makanja /makandʒa/ | macoa /matʃoa/ | melo /melo/ | bajiʼ /ˈbadʒiʔ/ | bagus /baɡus/ | hayep /hajep/ | bae /bae/ |
| New | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | baʼru /baʔru/ | beru /ˈberu/ | baru /baru/ | ampai /ampai/ | baru /baru/ |
| Red | cella /tʃəlːa/ | mamea /mamea/ | mararang /mararaŋ/ | eja /eja/ | mera /ˈmera/ | suluh /suluh/ | mera /ˈmera/ |
| White | puté /pute/ | mapute /mapute/ | mabusa /mabusa/ | keboʼ /keboʔ/ | puti /puti/ | handak /handak/ | puti /puti/ |
| Black | lotong /lotoŋ/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | leʼleng /leʔleŋ/ | itang /itaŋ/ | halom /halom/ | itam /itam/ |
| Green | kudara /kudara/ | mekurarraq /mekurarːaʔ/ | maido /maido/ | moncong bulo /moɲtʃoŋ bulo/ | ijo /idʒo/ | hujau /hudʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Blue | gawu /ɡawu/ | magavu /maɡavu/ | lango-lango /laŋolaŋo/ | gauʼ /ɡauʔ/ | biru /biru/ | — | biru /biru/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputer/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsusi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /suˈsi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Coffee | kopi /kopi/ | — | — | kopi /ˈkopi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — |
| Sugar | golla /ɡolːa/ | golla /ɡolːa/ | — | golla /ˈɡolla/ | — | gula /ɡula/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | aséra pulona aséra /asera pulona asera/ | — | kasera pulona ngkasera /kasera pulona ŋkasera/ | salapampulo assalapang /salapampulo asːalapaŋ/ | sambilang pulu sambilang /sambilaŋ pulu sambilaŋ/ | siwa puluh siwa /siwa puluh siwa/ | sembilan pulu sembilan /sembilan pulu sembilan/ |
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